共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
为提高杂交育种效率,有必要对杂种优势预测进行探索。本研究选用国内外不同地区10份材料,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交法组配45个杂交组合,利用SSR分子标记遗传距离预测大豆亲本间杂种优势。结果表明：10份亲本中检测到417个多态性等位基因变异,多态性位点变化范围为2~5个,遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.520~0.695,平均GS值为0.5996。10份供试材料被分为两大类,F1杂种优势值从3.4%~42.1%,F1性状均具有不同程度正向杂种优势。其中,单株粒数杂种优势与遗传距离的相关系数为0.461,达显著水平。其余8个农艺、品质性状与遗传距离的相关系数未达显著水平。初步认为,利用该174个SSR分子标记检测亲本间遗传差异,对本研究10份大豆亲本间杂种优势预测效果不显著。利用分子标记遗传距离预测大豆亲本杂种优势的方法有待进一步研究。 相似文献
2.
3.
两个籼粳稻杂交F2群体(F2-A：晚轮422/沈农265、F2-B：泸恢99/沈农265)分别在辽宁和四川种植,研究生态环境对亚种属性及其与株型性状相互关系的影响。结果表明,不同生态环境下F2代植株籼粳属性均呈接近正态的连续变异,相对于四川,辽宁呈现明显的偏籼分布,生态环境对程氏指数六性状的影响并不完全一致。生态环境对株型特性也有较明显的影响,从四川到辽宁,株高和穗弯曲度显著提高,而穗长、剑叶长、剑叶宽及剑叶张角则表现降低趋势。不同地区株高的类型间差异没有明显规律性,剑叶长表现为籼型显著大于其他类型的趋势,剑叶张角地区和类型间大多无显著差异,不同地区剑叶宽的类型间差异因组合而异。总之不同地区从籼型到粳型,均有穗长递减而穗弯曲度递增的趋势。籼粳稻杂交F2代植株个体籼粳属性与株型性状表现出一定的相关性,但相关的方向和程度在不同地区和组合间不完全一致。 相似文献
4.
水稻苗期耐低温基因COLD1新功能标记的设计与验证 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
籼稻和粳稻在苗期耐低温基因COLD1的第4外显子存在1个功能性单碱基变异SNP2,粳型COLD1 Jap等位基因低温耐受性表现更强,具有重要的育种利用价值。通过籼粳杂交,可将粳型COLD1 Jap等位基因导入籼稻品种,提高其低温耐受力。为提高COLD1基因的选择效率,根据粳型COLD1 Jap与籼型COLD1 Ind基因存在的单核苷酸差异,结合扩增受阻突变体系PCR的技术原理设计功能标记。应用5个籼稻品种、5个粳稻品种、1个籼粳杂交F1个体以及1个籼粳杂交F2群体对功能标记进行检测验证。结果表明,所设计的功能标记可准确区分纯合粳型COLD1 Jap、纯合籼型COLD1 Ind和杂合基因型,其扩增带型与基因型完全一致,是一种鉴定COLD1基因的有效方法。该标记弥补了前人设计的衍生型酶切扩增多态性序列功能标记费用昂贵、操作复杂及费工费时等不足,可广泛应用于水稻COLD1基因的资源鉴定和分子标记辅助选择育种。 相似文献
5.
近十余年,在世界范围内水稻育种方面尚未取得突破性的进展,重要的原因是没有发现优异的种质和缺乏新的育种途径。在现有单产水平较高的基础上,进一步提高水稻产量的关键在于利用杂种优势,尤其是籼粳亚种间杂种优势的利用。 籼粳亚种间杂文育种的障碍之一是结实率低,F1的结实率一般不足于10％,而且,后代性状很不易稳定,在育种程序上需要采用多次回交与复交等 相似文献
6.
大豆叶绿素含量动态表达的QTL分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
叶绿素是光合作用中最重要的色素,与大豆籽粒产量密切相关。本研究采用溧水中子黄豆×南农493-1后代衍生的244个F2单株,及筛选的150个SSR分子标记构建的连锁遗传图谱,在苗期至开花期测定F2衍生F2:3和F2:4家系生长正常单株的倒3复叶功能叶(非离体)的叶绿素含量13次,通过Windows QTL Cartographer v2.5软件包的复合区间法,动态定位了大豆叶绿素含量的QTL。结果表明,不同时间点共检测到20个QTL,其中,不同发育阶段间、年份间和地点间共同的QTL较少,不同时间点上的QTL差异较大,重复出现在N、D1a、F和K连锁群的QTL有3~4次。这些结果为叶绿素含量的遗传剖析和标记辅助育种提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
基于性状和分子标记的小麦抗旱近等基因系的分离 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
创建小麦‘宁春4号’抗旱近等基因系,为其在生产中的应用和抗旱遗传改良提供有利用价值的材料。利用重组自交系(RILs)合适世代(F6或F7)的单株具有一定杂合率的特点,采用性状和分子标记分离近等基因系的方法,在‘宁春4号’/‘宁春27号’RILs一个家系RIL-97内分离出‘宁春4号’抗旱近等基因系,经抗旱性及特征特性鉴定表明,该近等基因系抗旱性较强,其他形态特征特性与‘宁春4号’基本一致。这些近等基因系可进一步用来精确定位抗旱相关性状QTL位点。利用RILs群体合适世代结合分子标记是快速构建近等基因系的有效方法。 相似文献
8.
水稻广亲和基因S5-n的功能标记开发及其应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
广亲和基因S5-n是能够恢复籼、粳杂种育性的基因,利用常规育种方法回交转育广亲和基因需要通过配组杂种F1,根据F1的育性判断和选择S5-n,选育周期长,方法繁琐。因此,在广亲和遗传改良和聚合育种中需要寻找一种快速、简便的广亲和基因检测方法。本研究根据水稻广亲和基因和籼粳S-5等位基因序列存在136 bp缺失的特征,设计了InDel标记S5136。前人研究已经明确02428、Dualr、CPSLO17具有S5-n,分子标记S5136 PCR扩增这3个材料的带型为缺失带型,而不携带广亲和基因S5-n的材料的带型为非缺失带型。利用该标记对3037与02428的F2群体分析表明,该标记能准确区分S5-n、S5-i纯合及杂合基因型,标记基因型符合1∶2∶1比例,没有发生偏分离现象。利用该标记从554份水稻品种资源(O. sativa L.)和27份普通野生稻(O. rufipogen Griff.)以及24份江淮流域杂草稻资源中筛选出具有缺失带型的资源材料13份,并对其PCR产物测序证实为S5-n,对Kasalath的广亲和性进行了初步验证;从20份02428的高世代育种材料中,筛选到携带广亲和基因S5-n的恢复系2份。该标记可以用于S5-n基因资源筛选、分子标记辅助选择育种和培矮64S为母本的杂交种种子纯度鉴定。 相似文献
9.
以102份光子陆地棉材料为母本,分别与遗传标准系TM-1杂交,获得102个F1群体。采用随机区组设计,设置3个重复,对光子陆地棉材料主要性状进行遗传评价。结果表明,调查的11个性状表型差异均较大,材料间产量性状(株高、果枝数、铃数、铃重、衣分和子指)差异大于纤维品质性状(纤维长度、纤维强度、马克隆值、整齐度和伸长率),特别是衣分、铃数等性状差异更明显; 除果枝数、马克隆值、伸长率以外,光子亲本群体其他性状的平均值都小于F1群体。而亲本群体所有性状的变异系数均大于F1,不同光子材料的杂种优势有很大差别,中亲优势和超亲优势也有很大的差别,有些种质某些性状的中亲、超亲优势为负值,其后代性状表现劣势; 纤维品质性状的中亲、超亲优势与毛子程度均呈负相关,而产量性状的中亲、超亲优势与毛子程度均呈正相关,说明可利用光子材料杂种优势改良纤维品质,而其后代产量性状的杂种优势利用受到限制; SSR分子标记遗传相似系数与各个性状的中亲、超亲优势的相关都不显著,说明在光子材料的育种中,杂种优势是不能通过亲本之间的遗传背景相似程度来预测的。 相似文献
10.
茄子青枯病是由青枯雷尔氏菌侵染引起的一种主要土传病害,可使茄子植株萎蔫死亡、大量减产,严重制约着中国茄子的生产。为探明茄子抗青枯病的遗传规律,本研究以茄子高感病自交系“Rf”为母本,高抗病自交系“BC01”为父本,构建F1、F2、BC1P1、BC1P2世代遗传群体,采用伤根灌根接种法进行抗病性表型鉴定,利用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对抗病遗传效应进行分析。结果表明,F2代各病级株数呈现多峰、偏态分布;茄子青枯病的抗性遗传规律符合2MG-EAD模型,由2对主基因控制,感病为显性;主基因在F2、BC1P1、BC1P2世代的遗传率分别为89.84%、43.19%、87.41%。研究结果为定位茄子抗青枯病主效基因,开发相关分子标记提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Relationship between molecular marker heterozygosity and hybrid performance in intra- and inter-subspecific crosses of rice 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
M. F. Zhao X. H. Li J. B. Yang C. G. Xu R. Y. Hu D. J. Liu Q. Zhang 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(2):139-144
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between molecular marker diversity and heterosis in both intra-and inter-sub-specific hybrids of rice to evaluate the feasibility of predicting hybrid performance using molecular markers. Eleven elite lines were intermated resulting in a diallel set including 10 indica × indica, 15 japonica × japonica and 30 indica × japonica crosses. The F1 hybrids and parents were evaluated for agronomic performance in a replicated field trial. The parental lines were tested for DNA polymorphisms with 113 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes covering the 12 rice chromosomes. Inter-subspecific crosses showed better performance and higher heterosis than intrasubspecific hybrids. Correlations of marker heterozygosity with hybrid performance and heterosis differed considerably between the two subspecies; they were higher in crosses within japonica subspecies than within indica subspecies. Very little correlation was detected in intersubspecific crosses. It was concluded that relationships between marker heterozygosity and hybrid performance were complex owing to germplasm diversity and the complexity of the genetic basis of heterosis. The implications of the results in predicting hybrid performance using molecular markers are discussed. 相似文献
12.
Successful prediction of heterosis and performance of F1-hybrids from the genetic similarity of their parents based on molecular markers has been reported in several crops and can be very helpful in hybrid breeding. The relationship between genetic similarities based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) of 18 European faba bean lines and their hybrid performance and heterosis was investigated. Parental lines, 62 F1-hybrids and their F2-progenies were evaluated in field trials in four environments in Germany for seed yield, 1,000-seed weight and plant height. Results clearly demonstrated a stable superiority of the hybrids over their inbred parents and elite check cultivars, and showed a marked and varying amount of heterosis. Parental seed yield and F2-hybrid yield were promising as predictors for F1-hybrids. AFLP analysis of the 18 inbred lines using 26 EcoRI/MseI primer combinations resulted in 1202 polymorphic fragments. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarity estimates unambiguously identified pedigree-related inbred lines. No clear separation of the 18 inbred lines into subgroups was detected. Correlation coefficients between genetic similarity estimates and either heterosis or F1-hybrid performance were small and not useful. Also correlations between specific genetic similarity and specific combining ability were too small for all traits to be of predictive value. Results showed that AFLP-based genetic similarities are not useful to predict the performance of hybrids or heterosis within the elite European faba bean gene pool. 相似文献
13.
Triticale is generally treated as a self‐pollinating crop and line breeding is practised. Hybrid breeding has been discussed for some time, but there is little information for winter triticale. This study investigated heterosis for eight agronomic traits in F1 and F2 hybrids grown together with their parents as drilled plots in three environments. On average, grain yield heterosis was 12.5 dt/ha (a relative 10.5%) compared with the mid‐parent value for F1 hybrids, and 6.2 dt/ha (5.0%) for F2 hybrids and withawide range of 4.4–17.1 dt/ha for F1 hybrids. A positive contribution to the heterosis of yield was made by kernels/spike and 1000‐kernel weight, whereas spikes/m2 showed negative heterosis. Hybrid plants in F1 and F2 were taller than mid‐parents (8.3 cm and 5.3 cm, respectively), with a tendency to earlier heading. The negative heterosis for falling number in F1 and F2 hybrids could be a problem for commercial production of triticale hybrids. By selecting parents for combining ability and the identification of heterotic patterns, grain yield heterosis of 20% appears feasible. 相似文献
14.
Twelve parental lines of faba beans and 27 F1 hybrids derived from them were field-tested under a dry and a well-watered treatment, at two German locations (Göttingen, Hohenheim) in two years (1995, 1996). Drought was artificially induced using rain shelters from anthesis until maturity. Data were collected on yield under dry (Yd) and well-watered (Yw) conditions. Drought tolerance was assessed as Yd/Yw. The mid-parent heterosis was significant for Yd and Yw, but not for Yd/Yw. Relative heterosis for Yd (52.0%) was greater than for Yw (39.3%). Parental heritability was greater for Yw (0.86) than for Yd (0.61). However, it was similar for both traits in F1 hybrids (0.65 and 0.66). Principal component analysis showed that F1 hybrids exhibited the same pattern of adaptation as their parents. The heritability of drought tolerance was 0.48 in F1 hybrids and 0.70 in parents. Attention should be paid to its negative correlation with yield. Several hybrids combined high tolerance, a favourable pattern of adaptation and appropriate performance. 相似文献
15.
Because of the difficulty of producing F1 hybrid seeds by hand emasculation and pollination, wide use of heterosis in cotton production has been limited in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of F2 hybrids for yield and fibre quality. A half diallel involving eight parents and their F1 and F2 hybrids was grown in replicated studies at Linqing and Nanjing in 1999 and Nanjing in 2000. Yield and fibre quality was determined for all 64 entries. Fibre quality was also determined for parents and F1s, but only for Zhongmiansuo 28 (ZMS28), Xiangzamian 2 (XZM2) and Wanmian 13 (WM13) F2s. These three F2 hybrids are extensively planted in China and provide experimental controls with which to compare the performance of new hybrids. Average yield heterosis for F1s and F2s was 15.9 and 9.2%, respectively. Inbreeding depression for yield varied but some F2s greatly out‐yielded the best variety. Average F1 heterosis was 6.7, 6.2 and 2.9%, respectively for number of bolls per unit area, boll weight, and lint percentage. The average F2 heterosis for the same traits was 4.4, 3.3 and 1.6%, respectively. F1 heterosis for fibre traits was low. In general, parental average was a good indicator of the yield and fibre quality of F1 hybrids. These encouraging results suggest there is sufficient heterosis for yield to use F2s in China. 相似文献
16.
鉴定杂交粳稻亲本产量性状配合力的标记位点有助于利用分子标记辅助选择技术改良亲本配合力、提高杂交粳稻竞争优势水平。利用9个粳稻BT型不育系和10个恢复系, 按照北卡罗林那设计II (North Carolina Design II)配制90个F1组合,在南京和盱眙两个环境下种植,测定了各亲本产量性状的配合力和SSR分子标记基因型;结合二者数据鉴定了6个产量性状配合力的标记位点。结果表明,在两个环境下综合评价配合力较优的不育系是BT-18A和武羌A,恢复系是C418。与亲本单株有效穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重和单株日产量性状配合力显著相关的SSR标记位点,南京环境下分别检测到8、13、11、6、6和2个;盱眙环境下分别检测到12、21、8、15、10和7个;2个环境下都检测到的分别有4、11、5、3、5和1个。标记位点杂合基因型显示正向优势的,南京环境下占74% (34/46);盱眙环境下占53% (39/73)。2个环境下都检测到的标记位点中,有3个各自与3个产量性状配合力共相关;另有3个各自与2个产量性状配合力共相关;其余的只与单个产量性状配合力显著相关。数据库检索发现两环境下都检测到的标记位点中,有10个其附近存在控制相应性状的基因/QTL。讨论了利用鉴定出的标记位点改良粳稻恢复系产量性状配合力的策略。 相似文献
17.
The cultivated tetraploid Gossypium barbadense L. cotton produces superior natural fibers for the textile industry in the world. However, the possibility in utilization of heterosis to further increase its lint yield has not been extensively explored. In this study, two commercial US Pima cotton cultivars and three exotic G. barbadense lines, together with all of their possible hybrids in F1 and F2 progeny without reciprocals, were tested for lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality traits in four environments in 2005–2007. With a few exceptions, genotype (G), environment (E), and G × E were all significant or highly significant for all the traits studied. General combining ability (GCA) variances for all the traits in both F1 and F2 were also significant, while specific combining ability (SCA) variances were detected only for lint yield, fiber length, and micronaire in both generations and boll weight in F1. GCA × E was also detected for lint percent, seed index, and fiber length in both F1 and F2, and boll weight in F1, but none of the traits had significant SCA × E. As a group, F1 and F2 out-yielded the parent group by 20–40% and 6–10%, respectively. Mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for lint yield in F1 was generally positive, ranging from ?4.7 to 116.4% with an average of 21.2–48.7%, while lint yield MPH in F2 ranged from ?23.3 to 69.4% with an average of 6.4–12.4%. However, useful heterosis in lint yield was only detected in the hybrid between the two US commercial cultivars Pima S-7 and DP 340. MPH for other traits was low or not detected. MPH in F2 was lower than that in F1 but they were generally positively correlated. The genetic distances (GD) of the parents (based on 467 polymorphic RAPD and AFLP markers) between the five parents was not consistently correlated with MPH and SCA of their hybrids and dominant effects for lint yield and other traits. However, significant and positive correlations between GD of parents and the performance of their hybrids were detected for lint yield, lint percentage, and lint index in both F1 and F2 in most of the tests. GD of parents was also correlated with their GCA and additive effects in lint yield, lint percent, lint index, micronaire, plant height, and elongation. The results suggest that the close correlation between GD and hybrid performance per se was mainly due to the existence of GCA and additive effects from parents. 相似文献
18.
The Indica‐Japonica differentiation of three photoperiod‐sensitive and/or thermosensitive genetic male‐sterile rice (PGMS or TGMS, respectively) lines and 47 male parental lines from seven ecotypes were studied for their restriction fragment length polymorphism marker data to determine which ecotype crosses with the three PGMS and/or TGMS lines could lead to higher yield potential, and to estimate the relationship between the Indica‐Japonica differentiation of parents and heterosis in grain yield and its components. The results indicated that hybrids derived from ‘N422s’ and the early‐middle ripening Indica varieties from southern China, and hybrids between ‘Pei'ai64s’ and three Japonica ecotypes, including North‐eastern Japonica varieties, restoring lines of Japonica hybrid rice and north China Japonica varieties, showed the highest grain yields. There was less variation of yield among the F1s between ‘108s’ and the seven ecotypes than among the other F1s. Highly significant positive correlations between heterosis of the F1 yield and genetic distance of the parents were detected, although the correlation between F1 yield performance and genetic distance did not reach a significant level. Considerable variation of correlation between heterosis and genetic distance was also detected in the Indica × Indica crosses and Indica × Japonica crosses. There was much higher correlation (r = 0.63) between the F1 yield performance and the genetic distance of parents in the Indica × Indica crosses than in the others. It is proposed that a genetic distance of 0.4‐0.8 between the two parents of hybrid rice might be appropriate not only for F1 performance, but also for heterosis. 相似文献
19.
Leaf shape is an important factor affecting canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield. Introducing okra
leaf shape is considered an important strategy in cotton heterosis breeding. The objective of the study was to evaluate the
heterosis in okra leaf cotton hybrid F1s, which were developed by crossing two sterile near isolines and three restorer near isolines. A normal leaf check hybrid
F1, Zhongza 29, and four newly developed okra leaf oriented hybrid F1s, including the super-okra (severely cleft and narrowly lobed leaf), okra (deeply cleft and narrowly lobed leaf), semi-okra
(intermediate leaf lobe), and sub-okra (large leaf lobe) hybrids were selected in this experiment. Okra leaf oriented cotton
hybrids significantly reduced leaf area index (LAI) (P < 0.0001), thus more light penetrated into the lower canopy. The LAIs for the super-okra and okra hybrids, however, were too
small to supply adequate photosynthate, thus resulting in early maturity, short boll filling period, and low yield. As the
LAI increases, the semi-okra and sub-okra hybrids showed certain heterosis. The semi-okra hybrid showed 7–12% heterosis over
the check hybrid in lint percent, 6–11% in boll weight, 2–147% in canopy light intensity, 1–10% in net photosynthetic rate
(Pn), and −3 to 3% in lint yield. As well, all tested okra leaf hybrids improved fiber quality such as micronaire compared
with the normal leaf check hybrid. The results suggested that adopting okra leaf parental lines in cotton breeding provided
potentials in increasing fiber quality with comparable lint yield. 相似文献
20.
Summary A genetic diversity analysis in a collection of 171 non-restorer lines of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) using D2 technique and canonical variate analysis indicated that considerable variation in grain yield has been added to the collection by the addition of lines derived from random mating populations. The efficiency of D2 and canonical variate techniques in distinguishing extremely diverse genotypes was confirmed. However, the two techniques showed weak correspondence in their clusters. The F1 hybrids of 15 diverse lines exhibited no relationship between heterosis or per se performance of crosses and diversity in their parents. Therefore, traditional plant breeding methods are being advocated.Approved by ICRISAT as Journal Article no. 435. 相似文献