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实验室诊断与检测对防治动物布鲁氏菌病（brucellosis）至关重要,其不仅可早期发现传染源和隐性感染动物,而且可检测动物通过疫苗免疫后产生的抗体水平,为合理制定免疫程序提供科学依据。实验室诊断与检测动物布鲁氏菌病常规方法包括：一般实验室检查、免疫血清学试验和病原学检查;高新生物技术包括：应用分子生物学技术检测及荧光偏振试验（FPA）。目前,我国对该病诊断的国家标准主要是依据细菌学和血清学检测结果来确定。其中免疫血清学试验是我国最常用的诊断与检测方法,该方法不仅可用于动物布鲁氏菌病的诊断与检测,而且还用于人感染布鲁氏菌病的诊断与检测。但是,这种诊断与检测方法在我国已经使用半个多世纪,并且存在着许多弊端,诸如：非特异性反应、假阳性、前带现象或动物自身免疫抑制等,因此还远不能满足对动物布鲁氏菌病的防控需求。探索动物布鲁氏菌病的实验室诊断与检测新技术以及高新分子生物学技术的研究进展,对于早期开展动物布鲁氏菌病的分子流行病学调查、早期确诊和防控均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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实验室诊断与检测对防治动物布鲁氏菌病(brucello-sis)至关重要,其不仅可早期发现传染源和隐性感染动物,而且可检测动物通过疫苗免疫后产生的抗体水平,为合理制定免疫程序提供科学依据.实验室诊断与检测动物布鲁氏菌病常规方法包括:一般实验室检查、免疫血清学试验和病原学检查;高新生物技术包括:应用分子生物学技术检测及荧光偏振试验(FPA).目前,我国对该病诊断的国家标准主要是依据细菌学和血清学检测结果来确定.其中免疫血清学试验是我国最常用的诊断与检测方法,该方法不仅可用于动物布鲁氏菌病的诊断与检测,而且还用于人感染布鲁氏菌病的诊断与检测.但是,这种诊断与检测方法在我国已经使用半个多世纪,并且存在着许多弊端,诸如:非特异性反应、假阳性、前带现象或动物自身免疫抑制等,因此还远不能满足对动物布鲁氏菌病的防控需求.探索动物布鲁氏菌病的实验室诊断与检测新技术以及高新分子生物学技术的研究进展,对于早期开展动物布鲁氏菌病的分子流行病学调查、早期确诊和防控均具有重要意义. 相似文献
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目的对一起布鲁氏菌病暴发疫情调查分析,为今后顺义区防控布鲁氏菌病提供参考依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查,开展病例个案调查,对病例发病过程及感染来源进行分析;采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验对检测布鲁氏菌病抗体。结果本次暴发疫情有4例布病确诊病例。结论根据流行病学史、临床诊断及实验室检测结果判断,该疫情为1起密切接触牛引起的布鲁菌病疫情。建议提高养殖人群的保护意识,加大动物市场监管力度,以达到防控布鲁氏菌病的目的。 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌(Brucella)是一种细胞内寄生的革兰氏阴性杆菌,它主要感染牛、羊、猪、狗、骆驼和鹿等动物,并通过接触受感染的动物或通过食用受感染的食物和实验室接触传播给人类。布鲁氏菌的传播引起布鲁氏菌病,该病是一种流行范围广、危害极其严重的人畜共患传染病,是世界上最常见的细菌性人畜共患病,在兽医临床上对动物和人类都会产生巨大的危害。布鲁氏菌一旦感染,治疗非常困难,因此对于布鲁氏菌病重点在于防控。由于目前布鲁氏菌的检测方法众多,原理多样,易造成人们对布鲁氏菌检测方法使用原理的不清晰以及混淆,导致对布鲁氏菌病检测的局限性,文章主要对布鲁氏菌的常规检测技术、分子生物检测技术、以及一些以免疫反应为基础的新型检测技术进行了系统综述,同时对布鲁氏菌的防控进行展望,以期为布鲁氏菌的检测与防控提供指导。 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种人畜共患病,在家养和野生哺乳动物中会引起流产和不育.目前,世界各国动物布病的普查、监测及贸易检疫的检测方法难以区别布鲁氏菌自然感染动物和疫苗免疫接种动物,而且也不能鉴别布鲁氏菌与其他革兰氏阴性菌存在免疫学交叉反应.许多学者报道,通过检测动物血清中的布鲁氏菌菌体蛋白抗体可以大幅度提高布鲁氏菌病诊断的特异性.由于布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白暴露于细菌表面,在布鲁氏菌不同种之间具有保守性,动物感染后可以产生针对不同蛋白的特异性抗体[1-4].因此,本研究试图通过克隆、表达布鲁氏菌的不同种类外膜蛋白抗原,探讨该蛋白抗原对布病自然感染动物血清的反应性,以期获得适合布鲁氏菌不同感染时期的诊断、检测试剂,同时为动物布鲁氏菌病基因工程疫苗研制奠定基础. 相似文献
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奶牛布鲁氏菌病主要是由牛种布氏杆菌（又称流产布氏杆菌）感染引发,在畜牧业中具有极高的关注度。这种疾病的病症表现多样,感染后的奶牛可能出现流产、死胎、胎盘滞留等现象,同时还可能伴随着关节炎、乳腺炎等疾病。与此同时,该病是一种人畜共患的传染病,病菌主要通过消化道、呼吸道和生殖道传播,对于奶牛养殖者而言,及时发现和诊断奶牛布鲁氏菌病至关重要。本文将详细探讨奶牛布鲁氏菌病的特性与症状、诊断与检测、防控原则与措施。 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌病是一种人兽共患传染性病,过去主要在北方流行,进入2000年后随养殖业的发展,传播范围逐步扩大,现在已经波及全国。该病是由布鲁氏菌感染引起的,一般由患病的牛、羊、猪等家畜传染给人。家畜患布鲁氏菌病常常出现流产、不孕、空怀、繁殖成活率降低、使牲畜头数明显减少、产肉、产奶量下降。直接影响着畜牧业的发展各农民致富。布病的诊断以血清学诊断为主,基层常见的布病诊断方法为虎红平凝集试验,这种检测方法有价格便宜,方便等优点,但是也存在一些不足,我就不足之处说几点自己的看法,并提出改进的办法。 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌属细菌引起的多种动物的、急性或慢性的人畜共患传染病。肃南县是畜间布鲁氏菌病防控二类区,为分析县内局部地方畜间布病反弹的原因,县乡两级畜牧兽医部门专题开展了畜间布鲁氏菌病疫源调查和流行病学分析,初步摸清了布鲁氏菌病反弹的主要原因,为进一步开展好畜间布病防控工作提出了切实可行的的建议。 相似文献
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From the discovery of the Malta fever's agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Godfroid J Cloeckaert A Liautard JP Kohler S Fretin D Walravens K Garin-Bastuji B Letesson JJ 《Veterinary research》2005,36(3):313-326
Brucellosis is not a sustainable disease in humans. The source of human infection always resides in domestic or wild animal reservoirs. The routes of infection are multiple: food-borne, occupational or recreational, linked to travel and even to bioterrorism. New Brucella strains or species may emerge and existing Brucella species adapt to changing social, cultural, travel and agricultural environment. Brucella melitensis is the most important zoonotic agent, followed by Brucella abortus and Brucella suis. This correlates with the fact that worldwide, the control of bovine brucellosis (due to B. abortus) has been achieved to a greater extent than the control of sheep and goat brucellosis (due to B. melitensis), these latter species being the most important domestic animals in many developing countries. The long duration and high cost of treatment of human brucellosis reduces the efficacy of the therapy. There is no human vaccine for brucellosis and the occurrence of brucellosis is directly linked to the status of animal brucellosis in a region. In this context, the Word Health Organization has defined the development of a human vaccine, besides the implementation of control and eradication programs in animals, as a high priority. The pathogenicity for humans of B. suis biovars 1, 3 and 4 is well established, whereas B. suis biovar 2 seems to be less pathogenic. Indeed, although hunters and pig farmers have repeatably experienced infectious contact with B. suis biovar 2 (found in wild boar and outdoor-rearing pigs in Europe), isolation of B. suis biovar 2 from human samples have only been seldom reported. Marine mammal brucellosis, due to two new proposed Brucella species i.e. B. cetaceae and B. pinnipediae, represents a new zoonotic threat but the pathogenicity for humans of the different Brucella species found in cetaceans and pinnipeds still has to be clearly established. 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的人畜共患病,不仅危害畜牧业健康发展,影响畜产品质量安全,而且严重威胁人类健康。本文通过对玉门市花海农场87只布鲁氏菌病羊只的扑杀消毒、淘汰净化和周边羊只的调查监测,及时、有效地控制了布鲁氏菌病,没有形成蔓延扩散之势。针对调查中找出发生布病的原因和存在问题,结合实际,提出了今后羊布鲁氏菌病的防控对策。 相似文献
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Fosgate GT Diptee MD Ramnanan A Adesiyun AA 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1479-1486
The water buffalo is an important domestic animal worldwide, and the local Buffalypso variety was developed in Trinidad to
have improved beef qualities. Brucellosis was diagnosed in Trinidad and Tobago during 1998 in both cattle and domestic water
buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) populations. Brucellosis in the latter species is caused by infection with Brucella abortus, similar to bovine brucellosis. Control of brucellosis is of paramount importance to preservation of the genetic diversity
of these animals in Trinidad, and this has been complicated by differences in the epidemiology of water buffalo and bovine
brucellosis. Some diagnostic tests do not have comparable accuracy between the two species, and the RB51 vaccine does not
adequately protect against infection in water buffalo. The water buffalo in Trinidad may also be more resistant to infection
than cattle. Development of effective vaccination protocols is key to brucellosis control in Buffalypso in Trinidad, and prohibitions
on import of virulent B. abortus strains for vaccine efficacy studies has impeded progress in this area. These Trinidadian strains are of variable virulence;
some might be effective for challenge in vaccine efficacy studies, while other, of lower virulence, may be vaccine candidates
for use in water buffalo. 相似文献
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布鲁氏菌病(以下简称布病)是由布鲁氏菌引起的严重危害人民健康和影响畜牧业发展的人畜共患传染病,我国将其列为二类动物疫病,同时也被《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》列入乙类传染病。2019年12月,中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所发生的因实验室操作不规范,而引起的布病感染事件,为畜牧兽医工作者的布病防控再一次敲响了警钟。本文结合畜牧兽医行业实际,对畜牧兽医工作者的布病防控进行了探讨,提出了一些具有针对性和可操作性的对策建议。 相似文献
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Mohamed N. Seleem Stephen M. Boyle Nammalwar Sriranganathan 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(3-4):392-398
Brucellosis, especially caused by Brucella melitensis, remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide with more than 500,000 human cases reported annually. The bacterial pathogen is classified by the CDC as a category (B) pathogen that has potential for development as a bio-weapon. Brucella spp. are considered as the most common laboratory-acquired pathogens. The geographical distribution of brucellosis is constantly changing with new foci emerging or re-emerging. The disease occurs worldwide in both animals and humans, except in those countries where bovine brucellosis has been eradicated. The worldwide economic losses due to brucellosis are extensive not only in animal production but also in human health. Although a number of successful vaccines are being used for immunization of animals, no satisfactory vaccine against human brucellosis is available. When the incidence of brucellosis is controlled in the animal reservoirs, there is a corresponding and significant decline in the incidence in humans. 相似文献