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一个玉米F2:3群体主要性状的变异及相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用自交系201与698-3杂交,创建了一个玉米F2:3群体,共233个家系。分析了该群体的穗长、秃尖长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、粒深、百粒重、出籽率和单株生产力等9个性状的变异及其相关性。结果表明,这些性状的变异度均很大,在不同家系间存在极显著的差异;除秃尖长外,频率分布均呈正态分布。各性状与单株生产力之间都存在极显著的相关关系,其中行粒数、百粒重、穗行数、粒深和出籽率对单株生产力的贡献最大。利用该群体中的变异性状,结合性状之间的相关性进行选择,可选育出新的高产玉米自交系。 相似文献
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用自交系201与698-3杂交,创建了一个玉米F2:3群体,共233个家系.分析了该群体的穗长、秃尖长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、粒深、百粒重、出籽率和单株生产力等9个性状的变异及其相关性.结果表明.这些性状的变异度均很大,在不同家系间存在极显著的差异;除秃尖长外,频率分布均呈正态分布.各性状与单株生产力之间都存在极显著的相关关系,其中行粒数、百粒重、穗行数、粒深和出籽率对单株生产力的贡献最大.利用该群体中的变异性状,结合性状之间的相关性进行选择.可选育出新的高产玉米自交系. 相似文献
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玉米RILs群体穗粒性状表现及其环境稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用普通玉米自交系丹232与爆裂玉米自交系N04为材料,构建含有258个家系的重组近交系群体。在新乡、温县和郑州不同环境条件下进行田间试验,分析8个穗粒性状的表现及其环境稳定性。联合方差分析表明,各性状家系间和环境与区组互作显著或极显著;地点间穗长、穗粗、穗重、穗粒重和百粒重差异显著或极显著;除穗粗和秃尖长外,其余性状的家系与地点互作达到显著或极显著水平。F9群体各性状多呈连续正态分布,并表现超双亲分离。穗行数与穗长相关不显著;秃尖长与穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重相关不显著;其他各性状间均呈显著或极显著相关。 相似文献
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爆裂玉米种质资源的果穗性状和膨爆特性多样性及相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究分析50份不同爆裂玉米种质材料的果穗性状及其膨爆特性。结果表明,果穗性状中秃尖长的变异系数为68.88%;果穗穗长、行数、行粒数、穗粗、百粒重呈正态分布,果穗秃尖长呈偏态分布。膨爆特性中膨爆倍数的变异系数为32.86%,膨爆倍数呈正态分布,膨爆率呈偏态分布,表明爆裂玉米种质材料间主要性状具有较为丰富的多样性。膨爆特性、果穗性状间的相关性分析表明,膨爆倍数与膨爆率呈显著正相关;膨爆倍数与穗长、穗行数、行粒数、穗粗呈正相关,与秃尖长、百粒重呈负相关;膨爆率与行粒数、穗粗呈显著正相关,与穗长、秃尖长、行数、百粒重呈正相关。 相似文献
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选用6个引进的玉米自交系,按照NCⅡ遗传交配设计配制了9个杂交组合（3×3）,研究了8个穗部性状的配合力和遗传力。结果表明：（1）同一自交系不同性状的一般配合力效应值不同,不同自交系同一性状的一般配合力效应值表现也不相同。穗行数、行粒数、轴粗受母本一般配合力效应均达到极显著水平。穗行、秃尖长、穗粗、轴粗受组合特殊配合力效应也都达到了显著或极显著水平。（2）不同组合同一性状和同一组合不同性状的特殊配合力效应值也不尽相同。一般配合力不能够完全决定组合的特殊配合力,一般配合力都高的双亲配组,得到高特殊配合力组合的概率较大：（3）所研究的8个穗部性状的广义遗传力由大到小顺序是：行粒数、穗行数、千粒重、轴粗、秃尖长、穗长、穗粗、穗粒重。狭义遗传力由大到小的顺序是：穗行数、轴粗、穗粒重、秃尖长、穗长、千粒重、穗粗、行粒数。其中,广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都较高的性状有穗行数和轴粗,均在75％以上,它们可以作为进行早代选择的指标。 相似文献
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以玉米自交系ZNC442和SCML0849为亲本构建的131份F2:3家系为材料,结合简化基因组测序(GBS)的基因型鉴定结果与该群体在多环境下的株型评价数据,利用完备区间作图法对株高、穗位高、叶夹角、穗上叶片数、雄穗分枝数、雄穗主轴长等株型相关性状进行QTL定位。结果表明,2个环境下共检测到98个株型相关QTL,分布于10条染色体上。结合已公开的QTL定位信息,利用生物信息学分析筛选出5个控制株型相关性状的候选基因。Zm00001eb037290、Zm00001eb033500、Zm00001eb033600、Zm00001eb033610与株高相关,其编码的PosF21转录因子、E3泛素蛋白连接酶ATL6、丝氨酸/精氨酸丰富剪接因子和MYB102转录因子,分别通过参与赤霉素的合成、调节C/N反应、调控细胞分裂素变化等过程调控节间生长发育与植株大小。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献