共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 953 毫秒
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2016年我国农药应用的九大特点,包括杀虫剂投入最大,玉米除草剂用量下降,农药总用药成本高于上年、用药量低于上年,水稻用药成本投入占全国总用药成本的近1/4,12种主要作物中苹果亩用药商品量最高,大棚蔬菜用药次数最多,四大主粮除草剂用量最多,杀菌剂用药量最少,农药零增长促进非化学防治方式快速增长等特点. 相似文献
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2017、2018年在黑龙江省哈尔滨市、绥化市、齐齐哈尔市、佳木斯市、鹤岗市问卷调查516户农户/合作社玉米田除草剂种类、使用方式和使用剂量等。结果表明,农户使用播后苗前土壤封闭处理除草剂种类主要包括乙草胺、莠去津、2,4-滴丁酯和噻吩磺隆;苗后茎叶处理的除草剂种类主要包括烟嘧磺隆、莠去津和硝磺草酮。采用播后苗前土壤封闭处理除草的农户分别为81.6%和52.7%,采用苗后茎叶喷雾处理除草剂的农户分别占53.1%和71.2%,两次用药的农户占34.8%和24.6%。采用播后苗前土壤封闭处理除草,超量使用除草剂的农户达82%以上,其中乙草胺和莠去津超量使用的比例在94%以上。苗后茎叶处理除草剂超量使用的农户数量达79%以上。分析讨论农户超量使用除草剂与除草剂品种选择、杂草抗性、除草方式、用药习惯、施药器械等的关系,为黑龙江省玉米田除草剂减施增效技术效途径挖掘提供科学指导。 相似文献
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通过问卷调查、走访种植大户及田间实地调查等方式,对新疆玉米主产区玉米有害生物发生与用药情况进行系统调查,明确新疆玉米有害生物发生种类、农药使用水平,分析存在问题并提出相应减药对策,从而为新疆玉米有害生物的科学防控及化学农药增效提供指导。结果表明,新疆玉米主要病害6种、害虫36种、杂草38种,主要以"6虫6草"为主。玉米有害生物防治常用农药共26类,其中杀虫剂14类,主要为拟除虫菊酯类、新烟碱类及生物源类;除草剂12类,主要为三氮苯类、磺酰脲类及酰胺。农药使用频次为2～6次/年,制剂施用量为1.938～6.193 kg/hm~2,其中,昌吉州农药使用频次和制剂施用量最高,分别为5～6次/年、4.033～6.193 kg/hm~2;喀什地区农药使用频次和制剂施用量最低,分别为2～3次/年、1.938～3.356 kg/hm~2。 相似文献
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2015～2018年对东北中西部春玉米区玉米病虫草害防治用药情况进行调查。结果表明,该区域玉米田化学农药的使用量占农药总使用量的99%以上。吉林省玉米田农药年均用量为3 216.45 g a.i./hm~2,内蒙玉米田化学农药年均用量为1 133.44 g a.i./hm~2。各类化学农药按照使用量排序依次为除草剂杀虫剂杀菌剂,除草剂使用量占农药总用量的75%以上。苗后除草剂用量显著低于苗前除草剂用量,选择苗后除草的农户比例和应用面积逐年增加,各类苗后除草剂存在不同程度的超量应用现象。提出通过以草优化配方,减少长残留除草剂用量、明确苗后施药关键时期、升级施药器械、开展技术培训等措施、结合病虫害绿色防控技术,集成农药减施综合技术模式。 相似文献
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黑龙江省玉米施肥现状调查分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2017年和2018年对黑龙江省大部分地区农户进行施肥现状问卷调查,结果表明,2017年和2018年黑龙江省玉米单位面积产量分别为6 415 kg/hm2和6 216 kg/hm2。两年农户平均施氮量分别为208 kg/hm2和197 kg/hm2,氮肥偏生产力分别为30.8 kg/kg和31.6 kg/kg,两年农户施氮量偏高和过高比例总和分别为57.1%和45.4%,黑龙江地区玉米施氮过量。2017年和2018年磷肥平均施用量分别为78 kg/hm2和81 kg/hm2,磷肥偏生产力分别为82.3 kg/kg和76.7 kg/kg,施磷量适宜农户比例分别为61.3%和65.8%,农户在施磷量方面表现较好。2017年和2018年钾肥平均用量为52 kg/hm2和55 kg/hm2,钾肥偏生产力分别为123.4 kg/kg和113.1 kg/kg,两年钾肥施用过低的农户比例分别为58.1%和50.7%,黑龙江对于钾肥施用量需要提高。通过优化施肥估算,黑龙江省每年可减少氮肥施用量80万～100万t,每年可减少磷肥施用量27万～40万t。 相似文献
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稻鸭共育技术——鸭品种的选择及其疫病预防 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1999～2002年 ,浙江绍兴市越城区与中国水稻研究所协作 ,在皋埠镇、东湖镇等地 ,以种稻大户承包田为中心 ,累计示范推广稻鸭共育新技术面积4126.5hm2,放养绍鸭676897只 ,由于效益十分显著 ,深受农户欢迎。据统计 ,早晚稻实施稻鸭共育田增产以及稻米达到无公害标准而加价 ,使农民增收2389.1元/hm2 ;水稻种植过程中免施除草剂 ,少施化肥、杀虫剂 ,加上早晚两季平均省工节本为450.0元/hm2;早晚两季增加育鸭 (早稻平均每hm2 养鸭183只 ,晚稻160.5只 )收入4548.5元/hm2 ;比圈养鸭建舍节省投资费206.1元/hm2。以上四项合计增收节支7593.7元/hm2。… 相似文献
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对山西省旱作玉米16个县(区)40个种植大户和8个合作社107分散农户进行157次农户玉米生产现状及用药情况进行调研。结果表明,山西旱作玉米主要病害11种,主要害虫13种,杂草30种。玉米整个生育期化学农药投入制剂量为7.5～22.5 kg/hm~2,年平均用药次数2.5次。玉米覆膜栽培田用药量显著低于不覆膜田,种植大户/合作社用药量大于分散农户。主栽玉米品种感大斑病是杀菌剂用量增加的原因之一。提出推广应用抗病品种、应用黑色地膜除草、做好偶然害虫发生规律与测报,实施在防治指标指导下的适时科学防控。 相似文献
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《中国糖料》2021,(2)
为筛选防治甘蔗粉蚧的杀虫剂,在广西两个蔗区进行了不同杀虫剂对新植(4个处理)和宿根(3个处理)甘蔗粉蚧的田间防治试验。结果表明,新植蔗应用300 g/L氯虫·噻虫嗪SC 1 050 mL/hm2、40%溴酰·噻虫嗪FS 750 mL/hm2、10%吡虫啉WP 22.5 kg/hm2+90%杀虫单SP 6 kg/hm2三种杀虫剂处理对甘蔗粉蚧的防治效果分别为59.71%、62.47%、59.51%,处理间差异不显著,但前两种杀虫剂的虫株率明显低于另一种杀虫剂和对照空白;宿根蔗应用300 g/L氯虫·噻虫嗪SC 1 050 mL/hm2对甘蔗粉蚧的防治效果(59.51%)明显优于0.5%噻虫嗪GR 75kg/hm2的防治效果(16.34%),但处理间的虫株率差异不显著。本试验结果说明300 g/L氯虫·噻虫嗪SC 1 050 mL/hm2、40%溴酰·噻虫嗪FS 750 mL/hm2和10%吡虫啉WP 22.5 kg/hm2+90%杀虫单SP 6 kg/hm2防治新植蔗粉蚧效果显著;300 g/L氯虫·噻虫嗪SC 1 050 mL/hm2防治宿根蔗粉蚧也有较好的效果。因此300 g/L氯虫·噻虫嗪SC可作为新植蔗和宿根蔗粉蚧的防治用药,在新植蔗下种和宿根蔗大培土时按本试验用量一次性施用;40%溴酰·噻虫嗪FS和10%吡虫啉WP+90%杀虫单SP可作为新植蔗粉蚧的防治用药,在新植蔗下种时按本试验用量一次性施用。并探讨了综合防治措施。 相似文献
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Hkan Berg 《Crop Protection》2001,20(10):897-905
Pest management practices among rice and rice–fish farmers and their perception of problems related to pests and pesticides were surveyed in the Mekong Delta. A total number of 64 different pesticides were identified during the survey. Approximately 50% were insecticides, 25% were fungicides and 25% were herbicides. The main insecticides used were pyrethroids (42%) carbamates (23%) and cartap (19%). Non-IPM farmers used twice as many pesticides as IPM farmers. Their application frequency and the amount of active ingredient used were 2–3 times higher per crop, as compared to IPM farmers. During the last three years IPM farmers estimated that they had decreased the amount of pesticides used by approximately 65%, while non-IPM farmers said that they had increased the amount of pesticide used by 40%. Also, farmers growing fish in their rice fields used less pesticide than farmers growing only rice, as pesticides adversely affect cultures of fish. Taking a long-term perspective integrated rice–fish farming with IPM practices provides a sustainable alternative to intensive rice mono-cropping, both from an economic as well as an ecological point of view. 相似文献
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J. A. Wyman J. F. Walgenbach W. R. Stevenson L. K. Binning 《American Journal of Potato Research》1986,63(6):297-314
Studies were conducted from 1979 to 1983 in central Wisconsin to investigate the utilization of center pivot irrigation systems for the application of pesticides to potatoes. Fungicides, herbicides and insecticides were applied with a conventional tractor-mounted boom sprayer, a boom mounted beneath the center pivot (underslung boom), direct injection into the center pivot irrigation water and by aircraft. In comparisons between irrigation system application and tractor-mounted boom application, materials through both the underslung boom and center pivot system provided comparable pest control to the tractor-mounted boom, with the exception of water soluble insecticides which were ineffective when applied through the irrigation system. In addition, under intense disease pressure a somewhat reduced efficacy was associated with fungicides applied through the center pivot system compared to tractor-mounted boom applications. Comparison of center pivot pesticide applications with aerial and tractor-mounted boom applications in 65 ha commercial fields in 1982 and 1983, showed that all application methods provided acceptable levels of pest control, and comparable tuber yields. 相似文献
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Nine herbicide treatments were applied to potatoes grown at three locations in each of 3 years. The locations were characterized by widely different soil types—silty clay loam, sandy loam, and muck—and by differences in rainfall and temperatures during the growing season. None of the herbicide treatments applied pre-emergence gave adequate weed control at all locations and/or in all years. EPTC at 6 lb per acre (6.72 kg/ha) gave excellent weed control on both mineral soils but not on muck. Metabromuron at 4 lb per acre (4.48 kg/ha gave excellent weed control only on the low organic matter sandy loam. Propachlor at 6 lb. (6.72 kg/ha) and 2 lb amiben plus 3 lb propachlor (2.24 plus 3.36 kg/ha) gave variable control. Four herbicides: 1 lb paraquat (1.12 kg/ha), 2 lb linuron (2.24 kg/ha), 6 lb dinoseb (6.72 kg/ha) and 6 lb dinoseb plus 2.25 dalapon (6.72 plus 2.52 kg/ha) applied at potato plant emergence, when weeds were in the 2–6 leaf stage, also gave variable control but as a group generally gave better control than the pre-emergence herbicides, particularly on muck soil. The effectiveness of herbicides applied at potato plant emergence was less affected by soil type than those applied pre-emergence but was affected by the degree of weed emergence. On muck soil, weeds generally emerged well before “at emergence” herbicide treatments were applied. Tuber yields were not directly affected by the herbicides, but were reduced where weed control was inadequate. Tuber specific gravity and chip color were unaffected by the herbicides. 相似文献
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DA型玉米脱水剂的脱水效果及其对玉米营养品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以龙单25为试验材料,研究DA型玉米脱水剂的应用效果。结果表明,DA型玉米脱水剂可以明显加快玉米子粒的脱水速度,增加产量。处理后28 d,使用脱水剂剂量为900、1 200、1 500、1 800 mL/hm2处理的玉米子粒含水量分别为28.67%、26.36%、22.20%和20.51%,与对照相比,子粒含水量减少10.23～18.39个百分点。低剂量脱水剂对玉米品质无显著影响,可显著增加玉米的穗粒重和产量,平均增产654.3 kg/hm2。 相似文献
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The synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate (Sumicidin® 20E1) has been tested in 64 field trials of the control of bollworms on rainfed and irrigated cotton in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Karnataka. Fenvalerate, at dose levels of 50–150 g a.i./ha, was tested on 15 varieties of cotton, with long, extra-long, short and medium staples. From two to nine sprays were applied at intervals of 7–30 days, depending on whether the insecticide was sprayed according to a calendar-based schedule or when needed. Fenvalerate was compared with conventional insecticides such as carbaryl, monocrotophos, endosulfan and phosalone, and also with the synthetic pyrethroids permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin. The percentage of bollworm-infested plants in the fenvalerate-treated plots ranged from zero to 21·8% and in the untreated plots was up to 100%. With conventional pesticides the maximum level of infestation was 97·2%. Increases in yield of seed cotton from fenvalerate-treated plots over those from plots treated with conventional pesticides were 54%, 57%, 67%, 84%, and 86% over monocrotophos, carbaryl, quinalphos, phosalone and endosulfan, respectively, representing increases of 791–1046 kg/ha. 相似文献
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J.D. Mumford 《Crop Protection》1982,1(3):283-288
The aim of two postal surveys of farmers in England and New Zealand was to measure farmers' perceptions of losses from weeds, insects, and diseases in their arable crops. While the perceived losses differ among the crops and pest types, significant positive associations are found both between the surveyed farmers' perceptions of different pests within crops and between the same type of pest among different crops. Insecticide and fungicide use is found to be greater when herbicides are used. Estimated benefit-cost ratios are presented for herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Most farmers consider that these ratios are favourable. 相似文献
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采用盆栽法研究异噁唑草酮、莠去津、硝磺草酮、苯唑草酮等常用除草剂单用及混剂对苘麻的除草活性及对玉米的安全性。结果表明，异噁唑草酮 75.98 g/hm2+莠去津 900.00 g/hm2混用进行土壤封闭处理对苘麻的抑制率最高，药后 14 d的鲜重抑制率为 91.61%，显著高于两种药剂单一使用的除草活性；苯唑草酮 20.20 g/hm2+莠去津 900.00 g/hm2混用进行茎叶处理对苘麻的抑制率最高，药后 14 d的鲜重抑制率为 91.20%，显著高于两种药剂单一使用的除草活性，所有处理对玉米生长无影响。除草剂混用对苘麻的除草活性均高于单一除草剂，且达到除草剂使用减量增效的作用。因此，玉米 3～4叶期喷施异噁唑草酮 75.98 g/hm2+莠去津 900.00 g/hm2或苯唑草酮 20.20 g/hm2+莠去津 900.00 g/hm2组合在生产上能有效防除苘麻。 相似文献
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《Crop Protection》1988,7(1):34-38
Fungicide seed treatment using benomyl+captan, combined with postemergence sprays of the insecticides chlorpyrifos and omethoate increased herbage yield 10 weeks after sowing in five of eight sowings of Italian and perennial ryegrass. At one sowing, five other fungicide seed treatments—carbendazim+captan, thiabendazole+captan, thiabendazole+thiram, thiabendazole+metalaxyl, and drazoxolon—combined with the insecticide sprays, also increased yield. The insecticides were shown to give good control of shoot-fly larvae, but the yield response to insecticides alone was not as great as that from the combined treatment. As fungicide seed treatment alone increased seedling emergence at one sowing only, possibly the fungicides improved seedling vigour by reducing sub-lethal attacks from soil-borne diseases. The combination of a fungicide and insecticide seed treatment was used at five sowings with no effect. 相似文献