共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 17 毫秒
1.
Mantzouridou F Naziri E Tsimidou MZ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(8):2668-2675
The dynamics of industrial types of glycerol as a supplementary carbon source to glucose for beta-carotene production by Blakeslea trispora was investigated in batch cultures. The growth kinetics, cellular lipid accumulation-degradation, substrate assimilation, and beta-carotene production were clearly dependent on the level of addition of pure glycerol. The highest beta-carotene production (15.0 mg/g of dry biomass) was obtained at an initial glycerol concentration of 60.0 g/L. Substitution of pure glycerol by the nonpurified soap byproduct did not inhibit cell growth. Conversely, partial purification of the biodiesel byproduct by removing methanol and fatty acids was unavoidable for cell growth. Both types of industrial glycerol stimulated beta-carotene synthesis more than 10 (soap byproduct) and 8 times (biodiesel byproduct) compared to control medium. The maximum beta-carotene contents were 10 and 8 mg/g of dry biomass, respectively, and its relative content in the carotenoid fraction was 86-88%. 相似文献
2.
Wu JS Wu MC Jiang CM Hwang YP Shen SC Chang HM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(24):9506-9511
Crude pectinesterase (PE) inhibitor (PEI) extracted from jelly-fig achenes (JFA) (Ficus awakeosang Makino) was added to carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) puree to determine the change in methanol production during fermentation. Addition of pectin or microbial pectic enzyme to puree increased dose-dependently the methanol content in fermented products. Decreasing ratio (from 1:0 to 1:19, v:v) of pectic enzyme to diluted crude PEI solution in the puree-enzyme mixture decreased the PE activity remarkably. Except for transmittance (%T), addition of crude PEI to puree did not affect apparently the physical and chemical properties of wine; however, it reduced methanol content in the control from 256 to 58 ppm. The degree of esterification (DE) of pectin in starting puree was approximately 70%. It decreased to approximately 27% in the control group and reduced slightly to approximately 67% in fermented puree with crude PEI added after 14 days of fermentation. This reveals that crude PEI solution was potent in inhibiting intrinsic carambola PE activity and appeared to be a potential alternative for methanol reduction in wines. 相似文献
3.
钾素营养对饲用玉米养分吸收动态及产量品质形成的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
在冀西北高原旱滩地条件下,以饲用玉米白马牙为试验材料,研究了钾肥不同施用量对饲用玉米养分吸收动态及产量品质形成的影响。结果表明,施钾使饲用玉米的生物产量增产7.96%～17.60%;显著促进了玉米植株氮素和磷素的吸收。施钾植株的氮素和磷素吸收量分别比不施钾植株提高17.73～40.28.kg/hm2和9.32～28.69kg/hm2;植株粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量随施钾量增加而增加,且二者产量增幅分别为9.40%～21.5%和8.90%～38.12%。试验结果还看出,随钾肥用量的增加,饲用玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数和叶绿素相对含量均有提高,为饲用玉米的高产优质奠定了基础。因此,饲用玉米施用钾肥是提高其产量与营养品质的有效技术手段。 相似文献
4.
Yuwen Shen Yu Xu Zhaohui Liu Haitao Lin Yufeng Zhang Xiaozong Song 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(8):913-922
Application of byproduct amendment containing silicon, calcium, magnesium, and potassium has been shown to improve acidic soil quality in Jiaodong Peninsula of China. In this study, we explored the influences of amendment supplemented with and without urea on the physicochemical properties as well as microbial activities of acidic soil from Jiaodong over a 120-day period. With the amendment, the electronic conductivity and pH of soils changed. The amendment treatment significantly reduced inorganic nitrogen content and increased microbial biomass nitrogen content during the whole incubation period. The microbial biomass, activities of phenol oxidase and dehydrogenase were increased by the addition of amendments, while the soil respiration, catalase and urease activity were declined. Our results indicated that application of byproduct amendment could improve the chemical and biological properties of the acidic orchard soils from Jiaodong over a short time period of investigation. 相似文献
5.
Yang FX Su YQ Li XH Zhang Q Sun RC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):7891-7896
To reduce the cost of biodiesel production, the feasibility of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seed oil (ZBMSO) was studied to produce biodiesel. A methyl ester biodiesel was produced from ZBMSO using methanol, sulfuric acid, and potassium hydroxide in a two-stage process. The main variables that affect the process were investigated. The high level of free fatty acids in ZBMSO was reduced to < 1% by an acid-catalyzed (2% H2SO4) esterification with methanol to oil molar ratios of 20-25:1 for 1 h. A maximum yield of 96% of methyl esters in ZBMSO biodiesel was achieved using a 6.5:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 0.9% KOH (percent oil), and reaction time of 0.5 h at 55 degrees C. Further investigation has also been devoted to the assessment of some important fuel properties of ZBMSO biodiesel produced under the optimized conditions according to specifications for biodiesel as fuel in diesel engines. The fuel properties of the ZBMSO biodiesel obtained are similar to those of no. 0 petroleum diesel fuel, and most of the parameters comply with the limits established by specifications for biodiesel. 相似文献
6.
A simple and efficient method for the isolation and purification of lutein from the microalga Chlorella vulgaris was developed. Crude lutein was obtained by extraction with dichloromethane from the microalga after saponification. Partition values of lutein in the two-phase system of ethanol-water-dichloromethane at different ratios were measured by HPLC so as to assist the determination of an appropriate condition for washing water-soluble impurities in the crude lutein. Partition values of lutein in another two-phase system of ethanol-water-hexane at different ratios were also measured by HPLC for determining the condition for removing fat-soluble impurities. The water-soluble impurities in the crude lutein were removed by washing with 30% aqueous ethanol, and the fat-soluble impurities were removed by extraction with hexane. The final purity of lutein obtained was 90-98%, and the yield was 85-91%. 相似文献
7.
Erlon L. Pereira Alisson C. Borges Fernanda F. Heleno Tiago H. C. Costa Ann H. Mounteer 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(6):213
Economic and environmental stimuli for biodiesel production have also increased production of glycerol, a byproduct present in biodiesel industry wastewater (BIW). The objective of the present study was to analyze which factors influenced glycerol biodegradation in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (AnSBR) in the attempt to optimize chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency. Six factors were analyzed: pH, temperature, mixing speed, influent COD, inoculum mass, and reaction time. The results indicated that mixing speed, temperature, mass of inoculum, and reaction time had direct influence on COD removal efficiency in BIW. The reactor used in the experiments operated with efficiencies and applied loads above those mentioned in the literature. The mathematical model generated in this study can be used for estimating efficiency, process control and scale up of AnSBR. 相似文献
8.
磷素营养对青饲玉米产量品质形成与肥水利用效果的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在华北农牧交错区旱滩地条件下,以饲用玉米白马牙为试验材料,研究了磷肥不同施用量对青饲玉米产量品质形成与肥水利用效果的影响。结果表明,施磷使饲用玉米的生物产量增产10.5 %～25.1 %;显著促进了玉米植株氮素和磷素的吸收,使植株比不施磷分别多吸收氮素26.03～51.10 kg/hm2和磷素8.63～28.95 kg/hm2;植株粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维的含量随施磷量增加而显著增加;粗蛋白和粗脂肪的产量也增加显著,增幅分别为9.26 %～37.82 %和14.95 %～33.33 %。试验结果还表明,施磷比不施磷显著提高了青饲玉米的水分利用效率,增幅为10.44%～16.77%, 相当于多供水27.51～47.36 mm。因此,施用磷肥是提高饲用玉米饲草产量、营养品质和肥水利用效果的有效技术手段。 相似文献
9.
不同配方施肥对长期缺施钾肥的红壤性水稻土微生物特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了验证平衡施肥对长期缺施钾肥的南方红壤性水稻土的修复效果,通过2年盆栽试验,以五种不同施肥处理（NPK、NPKSi、NPKOM、NPhK、NPhKOM）,研究了长期缺施钾肥的水稻土的微生物特性,结果发现,在对照（NPK）基础上增施硅肥（NPKSi）、钾肥（NPhK）能促进细菌和放线菌数量的增长,提高微生物活度,加速微生物量N、P的转化,同时也能提高微生物量C。相反,在淹水条件下配施有机肥（NPKOM）,由于降低了水稻根际环境的氧化还原电位,使根际微生物生长萎缩,微生物活度、微生物量C无显著提高;虽然土壤微生物量N、P随之增加,但有机N的矿化减弱,植株可吸收的有效态养分减少。增施钾肥的同时配施有机肥（NPhKOM）具有增施钾肥的优点,即可提高微生物活度、提高微生物量C,加速有机N、P的矿化,但同时也会减少微生物数量。因此在缺钾水稻土的修复实践中,常规施肥的基础上对水稻增施硅肥、钾肥应是有效举措,而配施有机肥则须谨慎:有机肥或须适量酌施,或须结合增施钾（硅）肥。 相似文献
10.
氮、磷、钾肥配施对WL-232HQ苜蓿品种鲜草产量及营养成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2003年在内蒙古西辽河平原灰色草甸土上采用"3414"二次回归最优设计设计试验方案,研究N、P、K肥配施对WL-232HQ紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa)当年草产量和营养成分的影响,结果表明:施N27.36kghm-2,施P2O554.71kghm-2,施K2O281.33kghm-2时可获得鲜草最高产量77976.9kghm-2。14个处理组合中,初花期以处理4(N2P0K2)和处理12(N2P1K1)粗蛋白的含量高;初花期的粗纤维含量小于25.0%的处理组合是处理8(N2P2K0)和处理10(N2P2K3),均达到国家一级标准[9];初花期粗灰分含量处理1(N0P0K0)和处理9(N2P2K1)较低;并分析了N、P、K肥对WL-232HQ紫花苜蓿营养成分的影响。 相似文献
11.
采用温室盆栽试验研究了不同用量古龙酸母液和废弃北虫草培养基制备的有机肥对设施黄瓜的增产效果及对土壤养分和微生物量碳的影响。结果表明,施肥量为15.0和30.0 t·hm-2时,黄瓜产量、株高、全株生物量分别比未施肥处理显著高出了118.79%、91.63%、443.30%和140.83%、196.32%、736.70%。15.0和30.0t·hm-2的有机肥将土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别显著提高了17.10%、25.97%、37.14%、30.28%和35.49%、83.37%、42.86%、60.55%。土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和微生物量碳随着施肥量的增加而增大,其峰值均出现在黄瓜生长的初花期,最低值出现在拉秧期或出苗期。综上所述,15.0和30.0 t·hm-2的混制有机肥施用量能够显著提高设施黄瓜的产量和土壤肥力,土壤肥力的峰值出现在黄瓜生长的初花期。 相似文献
12.
超声强化酯交换制备生物柴油的工艺优化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了获得超声强化酯交换反应制备生物柴油最佳工艺条件,为工业化生产提供借鉴。该文考察了超声功率密度、反应温度、催化剂用量和醇油摩尔比等因素对超声强化 KOH 催化酯交换反应过程的影响,并采用响应曲面分析方法（RSM）优化最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明：超声强化 KOH 催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油最佳工艺条件为：超声功率密度54.7 W/L、反应温度34℃、催化剂用量为大豆油质量的 1.3%、醇油摩尔比6︰1,此条件下酯交换反应甲酯质量分数为 99.68%,经验证试验得实测值为99.56%。RSM优化的试验结果适合于碱催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油工艺,并能够预测不同条件下碱催化酯交换反应中的甲酯质量分数。 相似文献
13.
Corn distillers' grains with solubles (CDGS), the major coproduct of fermentation of corn to produce ethanol, were extracted with 0.1M NaOH, 0.1% dithiothreitol (DTT), and 0.5% SDS yielding 35% of the total nitrogen and ≈25% of the protein nitrogen. Gel electrophoresis revealed that the extractable proteins contained zein plus other proteins similar to the extractable proteins from corn flour. Although difficult to extract, the proteins isolated from the fermentation coproducts appeared undegraded and apparently survived gelatinization, fermentation, distillation, and drying during the production of ethanol. Extraction of CDGS with 60% ethanol at 60°C yielded 1.5–3.9% of crude zein. When the ethanol contained DTT, yields of crude zein were increased to 3.2–6.6%. Protein contents of the crude zeins were only 37–57%, indicating that lipids and pigments were coextracted with the ethanol. Gel electrophoresis showed that the protein fractions extracted by ethanol contained primarily α-zein whereas the proteins extracted by ethanol + DTT contained α- + β-zein. Further confirmation of the presence of zein in the crude prolamin preparations was obtained by amino acid analyses. The amino acid compositions of the crude zeins paralleled those of commercial zein and α-zein. 相似文献
14.
硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对土壤酶活性及桃幼树生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对桃树生长的效应,以盆栽一年生瑞蟠21号毛桃(Amygdalus persica Linn.)为试验材料,设置3种不同施肥方式(T1:硅钙钾镁;T2:硅钙钾镁+黄腐酸钾;CK:空白对照),在桃幼树生长季进行追肥处理,研究硅钙钾镁肥及硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对土壤酶活性、土壤养分状况及桃幼树根系构型和植株生长的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,T1、T2均显著提高了桃幼树生长季各时期土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性,以及土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有效硅等含量,且配施黄腐酸钾后作用更明显。与CK相比,T1、T2细根比重分别提高了11.2%和26.2%,根系活力分别提高了12.2%和18.1%,根系总长度分别增加了28.1%和61.9%,且有效延缓了根系衰老;T1、T2植株总干重分别提高了1.2倍和2.0倍,根冠比分别提高了9.4%和17.0%,且差异显著。与CK相比,T1、T2各器官中全氮、全磷、全钾含量均显著增加,地上部硅含量分别提高了61.3%和91.9%,地下部硅含量分别提高了62.3%和102.5%,且差异显著。同时,T1、T2桃幼树叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率均显著提高。综上所述,硅钙钾镁肥可有效提高土壤酶活,促进桃幼树细根的生长,延缓根系衰老进程,增加氮、磷、钾、硅等营养元素积累量,提高叶片光合速率,促进植株生长;硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾后,提高了土壤有效硅及植株硅含量,比单施硅钙钾镁肥效果更加显著。本研究结果为桃树合理施用硅钙钾镁肥提供了理论依据。 相似文献
15.
高酸值米糠油酯化脱酸成生物柴油原料 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为充分利用高酸值米糠毛油,将其脱酸成生物柴油原料。采用酯化脱酸方法,通过对多种酯化脱酸催化剂的比较,结果表明氧化锌具有较强的催化活性。氧化锌作为米糠油酯化脱酸的催化剂,分别考察了甘油添加量、催化剂添加量、反应温度、反应时间对酯化脱酸的影响。得到了以下较优工艺参数：真空度为0.1 MPa,甘油添加量为理论甘油量1.044 g,催化剂添加量为油质量的0.1%,反应温度200℃,反应时间6 h。在此优化条件下,米糠油的酸值从38.14 mg/g降至5.17 mg/g,满足了作为生物柴油生产原料的要求。 相似文献
16.
放牧对荒漠草原植物生物量及土壤养分的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以宁夏荒漠草原为研究对象,探讨放牧对荒漠草原植物多样性、 生物量及土壤养分特征的影响。结果表明, 放牧对荒漠草原植物群落多样性、 均匀度和丰富度影响显著。植物群落多样性和均匀度随着放牧强度的增加均呈先增加后降低的趋势,在轻度放牧达到最大值。同围封禁牧相比,重度、 中度和轻度放牧草地的植物地上和地下部生物量显著降低,分别降低了43.8%、 42.0%、 15.4% 和 27.7%、16.2%、11.9%。土壤有机碳随着放牧强度的增加而降低,而土壤全氮含量随着放牧强度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。围封禁牧草地土壤有机碳比重度放牧增加了18.1%,而土壤全磷、 速效磷和全钾含量分别降低了 21.1%、 51.9% 和 11.0%。土壤有机碳含量对植物群落地上和地下部生物量的影响大于土壤全氮、 全磷、 全钾、 速效磷和速效钾。放牧干扰下荒漠草原土壤环境及其养分含量,能在一定程度上反映植物群落多样性和生物量的变化。 相似文献
17.
以椰子油皂脚油为原料的生物柴油酯化效率与催化剂和结合反应装置的操作方法有关。以硫酸氢钠为催化剂结合设计的反应装置,对高酸值椰子油皂脚油进行预酯化反应研究。通过单因子试验探讨适用于反应装置的反应条件,并讨论不同的操作方式对反应速率和反应进程的影响。结果表明:最佳条件为:反应温度105℃,甲醇通入流速为0.825 mL/min,催化剂用量为5.0%,反应2 h下转化率>95%。催化剂重复使用9次后转化率78.15%;改变操作方法,0.1 MPa条件下反应,采用通入甲醇1.32 mL/min反应30 min,后常压条件下通入甲醇量0.825 mL/min,反应30 min,椰子油皂脚油酸值由106变为1.2 mg/g,转化率98.9%,并可缩短酯化时间1 h,油脂成品满足酯交换工序要求。精制的生物柴油成品所测试的技术指标符合德国现行生物柴油标准(DIN V 51606)。 相似文献
18.
采用盆栽土培方法,比较0~14 d持续淹水胁迫条件下,不同形态的氮肥以及施氮、磷和钾肥对砂姜黑土区富钾低肥土壤上种植玉米苗期植株的地上部生物量、氮、磷和钾含量与累积量的影响。结果表明,在玉米3叶1心期(淹水胁迫处理前),施硝酸钾处理地上部的生物量明显高于除施硝酸铵处理以外的其它处理(P0.05)。在3个缺素处理中,不施钾处理地上部的生物量明显低于不施磷处理(P0.05),但与不施氮处理差异不显著。在淹水胁迫过程中,施肥和淹水胁迫的交互作用影响不显著,在淹水胁迫处理7 d时,施不同形态的氮肥以及施氮、磷和钾肥显著影响玉米地上部的生物量和氮累积量(P0.05),并极显著影响磷累积量和钾累积量(P0.01);淹水胁迫也显著降低了此时玉米植株地上部的氮累积量,并极显著降低其钾累积量(P0.01),且当胁迫处理延长至14 d时,淹水胁迫还引起生物量和磷累积量的显著下降(P0.05)。延长淹水胁迫持续时间,对生物量、氮累积量和钾累积量的肥效差异与胁迫的抑制效应分别呈现加大和增强的趋势。比较F值大小可知,在淹水胁迫处理7 d时,氮肥种类是玉米地上部生物量、氮和磷累积量变化的主要诱因;而当胁迫处理延长至14d时,淹水胁迫则上升为主要决定因子。与此不同,胁迫处理开始后,淹水胁迫始终是钾累积量变化的主要决定因子。在淹水胁迫条件下,尿素可能是有利于提高富钾低肥土壤苗期玉米耐淹水胁迫性的氮肥种类。 相似文献
19.
Rivas B Torrado A Torre P Converti A Domínguez JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(7):2380-2387
The citrus-processing industry generates in the Mediterranean area huge amounts of orange peel as a byproduct from the industrial extraction of citrus juices. To reduce its environmental impact as well as to provide an extra profit, this residue was investigated in this study as an alternative substrate for the fermentative production of citric acid. Orange peel contained 16.9% soluble sugars, 9.21% cellulose, 10.5% hemicellulose, and 42.5% pectin as the most important components. To get solutions rich in soluble and starchy sugars to be used as a carbon source for citric acid fermentation, this raw material was submitted to autohydrolysis, a process that does not make use of any acidic catalyst. Liquors obtained by this process under optimum conditions (temperature of 130 degrees C and a liquid/solid ratio of 8.0 g/g) contained 38.2 g/L free sugars (8.3 g/L sucrose, 13.7 g/L glucose, and 16.2 g/L fructose) and significant amounts of metals, particularly Mg, Ca, Zn, and K. Without additional nutrients, these liquors were employed for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger CECT 2090 (ATCC 9142, NRRL 599). Addition of calcium carbonate enhanced citric acid production because it prevented progressive acidification of the medium. Moreover, the influence of methanol addition on citric acid formation was investigated. Under the best conditions (40 mL of methanol/kg of medium), an effective conversion of sugars into citric acid was ensured (maximum citric acid concentration of 9.2 g/L, volumetric productivity of 0.128 g/(L.h), and yield of product on consumed sugars of 0.53 g/g), hence demonstrating the potential of orange peel wastes as an alternative raw material for citric acid fermentation. 相似文献
20.
玉米深加工是全球第二大宗农产品加工行业,玉米淀粉制备过程中产生大量的副产物,如玉米浆（Maize Steep Liquor, MSL）。玉米浆色深味重、毒素含量高、处理困难,已经成为众多玉米深加工企业发展的桎梏。该研究主要利用玉米浆中丰富的速效氮源和微生物的促生长因子进行微生物菌肥的开发。通过对前期筛选到的3株植物根际促生菌（PGPMs）的共生发酵研究,评估了3种菌在玉米浆中高密度发酵的可行性,并对发酵特性进行了研究。试验结果表明,三种菌通过共生发酵,并在模拟流加工业废料结晶糖母液作为补料时,发酵体系中的总生物量从6.6×109提升到了2.17×1010 CFU/mL,并在52 h氨基酸态氮含量达到最大。同时,采用葡萄糖模拟结晶葡萄糖母液流加补料显著提高了共生体系的总糖以及溶磷的利用率,可溶性磷利用率提高了近50%;此外,添加葡萄糖还能保持发酵体系的pH值稳定,奠定了生产稳定性。该研究为玉米浆的再利用提供了一种解决方法,对低成本生物肥料的开发与生产提供了一种新的思路。 相似文献