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1.
根据cry1Ia类基因的全长序列设计引物，以苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）菌Btc008的总DNA为模板扩增出片段长为2.1kb的cry1Ia的全长基因，插入大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）表达载体pET-21b，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）菌株，诱导表达出81kD的蛋白。该蛋白由719个氨基酸组成，推导的分子量为81.2kDa。该蛋白的氨基酸序列不同于已知的12种Cry1Ia蛋白，是一种新的Cry1Ia蛋白，该基因已被国际基因命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ia8。杀虫活性测定结果表明：Cry1Ia8对亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis）、小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）有很强的杀虫活性，LC50分别为0.268 µg/g、2.227 µg/ml，其杀虫效果与Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac相当。对大豆食心虫（Leguminivora glycinivorella）也有较好的活性，但对鞘翅目叶甲科害虫榆兰叶甲（Pyrrhalta aenescens）没有活性。该基因的获得将为我国抗虫转基因作物和工程菌的研制提供新的基因来源，为筛选延缓昆虫抗性产生的基因组合提供了极为重要的依据。 相似文献
2.
苏云金芽孢杆菌Ly30株cry1Ac基因的克隆及表达* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bt菌Ly30株是中国自行分离的对多种害虫具有高毒力的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt),经CAPS(cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences)系统鉴定。它含有cry1Ac基因。以全长基因PCR产物的粘端定向克隆的方法,设计1对特异引物,分别引入SalⅠ和BamHⅠ酶切位点。以Ly30质粒DNA为模板扩增cry1Ac全长基因,与表达载体pET-21b相应的酶切产物连接,转化大肠杆菌(Eschrichia coli),获得含有cry1Ac基因重组质粒pEKLy1Ac。该基因的亚克隆和序列测定结果表明,其编码区为3534bp。编码蛋白分子量为133.5kD,含1177个氨基酸,等电点为4．8,与CrylAc3同源性最高,存在4个氨基酸的差异,与Cry1Ac10之间则有6个氨基酸的不同。该基因序列已在GenBank中登记注册为AF482767,并被国际Bt杀虫晶体蛋白基因命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ac14该基因经诱导获得高效表达,SDS-PAGE电泳检测到明显的133．5kD蛋白带。室内生物测定结果表明,诱导表达的Cry1Ac蛋白对棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾等鳞翅目害虫幼虫均有较高的杀虫活性,其LC5o值分别为19.236和3276μg／g饲料。 相似文献
3.
从土壤中分离得到营养期对鳞翅目害虫高毒的苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)LS1菌株,分子检测该菌株中存在营养期杀虫蛋白基因,进行了该基因的克隆和表达。设计全长基因引物扩增得到了约2.3kb的靶片段,序列分析证实为新vip3A基因,命名为vip3A-LS1,GenBank登录号为DQ016968,Bt基因命名委员会命名为Vip3Aa22。该基因推导蛋白与其它已知同源蛋白有8个氨基酸不同。构建vip3A-LS1基因的表达载体,SDS-PAGE检测约88kD目的蛋白大量表达;生物测定表明,胞内可溶性蛋白对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)和甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)活性最高。纯化蛋白对初孵棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾的LC50分别为73.6和32.2μg/g。 相似文献
4.
苏云金芽孢杆菌cry1Aa14基因的分离、克隆及其表达 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
Bt25是中国自行分离的对小菜蛾(Plutella xylotella)具有高毒力的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),经PCR-RFLP鉴定含有cry1Aa基因。以全长基因PCR产物的粘端定向克隆的方法,设计1对特异引物,以Bt25质粒DNA为模板扩增cry1Aa全长基因。序列测定结果表明,该基因编码区为3552bp,编码1183个氨基酸,分子量为133．7kD,pI4．755。该基因序列已在GenBank注册,登记号为AY197341,并获得正式命名cry1Aa14。在氨基酸序列918～1180间,和已知的11种cry1Aa存在22-23个氨基酸的差异(其中1094～1097的4个氨基酸无对应序列),而这段区域和Cry1Ab氨基酸序列的对应区域无差异。cry1Aa14全长基因插入Bt表达载体,获得了重组表达质粒pBYB1,转化Bt无晶体突变株HD73cry-,经过抗性筛选、DNA酶切分析和PCR检测,证实转化成功。SDS-PAGE分析表明,该基因在上述受体中能正常表达133kD蛋白。杀虫生物测定结果表明,cry1Aa14表达产物对小菜蛾幼虫具有显著的毒杀作用,与cry1Aa12进行比较,毒力无明显差异。这种单基因菌株的发现及其基因的获得,为害虫抗性研究和高效工程菌的构建提供了重要实验材料。 相似文献
5.
苏云金芽孢杆菌cry2Aa基因的克隆、表达与活性 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
B-8-G和Ly30是我国自行分离的对多种重要农业害虫具有高毒力的苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）菌株,经PCR-RFLP鉴定均含有cry2Aa基因.根据cry2Aa全长基因序列设计特异引物,以B-8-G总DNA为模板扩增其中的cry2Aa全长基因,与大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）表达载体pET-21b相连接,获得含有cry2Aa全长基因的重组质粒pET2Aa,该基因在大肠杆菌BL21菌株能够正常表达65 kD蛋白.通过构建Ly30总DNA文库方法从中筛选获得cry2Aa基因,将其连接至Bt-E.coli穿梭表达载体pHT315上,转化Bt无晶体突变株HD-73中,该基因能正常表达65 kD蛋白,并形成立方体状晶体.这两种基因序列已被国际Bt基因命名委员会分别正式命名为cry2Aa9和cry2Aa10.杀虫生物活性测定结果表明cry2Aa基因表达产物对黄胫小车蝗（Oedaleusinfernlis）、尖音库蚊（Culex pipiens）、黑翅伊蚊（Aedes melanopterus）、水稻二化螟（Chilo suppressalis）和小菜蛾（Plutellaxylostella）幼虫均具有显著的毒杀作用.首次报道cry2Aa10基因表达蛋白对蝗虫、库蚊具有杀虫活性.这些基因的获得,将为高效工程菌和抗虫转基因植物的研制提供了新的基因资源. 相似文献
6.
陆秀君 《农业生物技术学报》2007,15(5)
从土壤中分离得到营养期对鳞翅目害虫高毒的Bt LS1菌株。分子检测菌株中存在营养期杀虫蛋白基因，进行了该基因的克隆表达。设计全长基因引物扩增得到了约2.3kb的靶片段；克隆序列分析证实为新Vip3A基因，命名为Vip3A-LS1，GenBank登录号DQ016968，Bt基因命名委员会命名为Vip3Aa22。该基因推导蛋白与其它已知同源蛋白8个氨基酸不同。构建vip3A-LS1基因的表达载体，SDS-PAGE检测约88kD目的蛋白大量表达；生物测定表明，胞内可溶性蛋白对棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾活性最高。纯化蛋白对初孵棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾的LC50分别为73.6和32.2µg/g。 相似文献
7.
苏云金杆菌Cry2Ab可溶蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏云金杆菌Cry2Ab蛋白是一类对鳞翅目昆虫有特异性毒性作用的毒素蛋白,已广泛应用于针对鳞翅目害虫的防治之中。依据苏云金杆菌cry2Ab基因序列设计一对全长引物,从苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)WB9菌株总DNA中克隆出cry2Ab基因全序列,构建Cry2Ab-PK表达载体,将获得的Cry2Ab-PK阳性克隆进行原核诱导表达,获得约90kD的Cry2Ab-GST融合蛋白,经批量纯化并切除GST标签后获得可溶Cry2Ab蛋白,约65kD。利用纯化Cry2Ab可溶蛋白免疫新西兰雄性大白兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus),制备Cry2Ab兔源多克隆抗血清,通过间接ELISA法测定Cry2Ab抗血清效价超过1:150000。Western blot测定结果表明,制备的Cry2Ab兔源抗血清能特异性识别Cry2Aa及Cry2Ab抗原蛋白,不能识别Cry1Ab及Cry3Aa抗原蛋白。研究结果对深入研究Cry2A毒素蛋白作用机理及毒素与受体间互作关系提供了技术支持。 相似文献
8.
新型cry7Ab基因的鉴定克隆、表达与杀虫活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文应用PCR-RFLP法鉴定出Bt菌株HQ40中含有cry7Ab基因,并根据cry7A全长基因序列设计特异性引物,成功克隆了该基因。该基因核苷酸序列已经在国际基因库GeneBank中登记,其登录号为EU380678,并由Bt δ-内毒素基因国际命名委员会正式命名为cry7Ab4。通过穿梭载体pSTK 将该基因导入Bt 无晶体突变株中,获得工程菌HD7Ab4。SDS-PAGE分析表明cry7Ab4 基因在其中能正常表达,并形成菱形晶体。提取工程菌HD7Ab4和野生菌HQ40晶体蛋白,并在体外用胰蛋白酶酶解活化。分别对直翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目的害虫进行了杀虫活性测定。生测结果表明：Cry7Ab4蛋白trypsin酶解液对鞘翅目的大猿叶甲显示了一定的杀虫活性,其野生菌蛋白及表达蛋白酶解液LC50分别为231.59µg/ml及293.79µg/ml。表达产物虽不能使鳞翅目的小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾和亚洲玉米螟死亡,但对它们的生长发育有明显的体重抑制作用。另外对马铃薯甲虫以及榆蓝叶甲也有体重抑制作用,而对直翅目的东亚飞蝗无毒。 相似文献
9.
宋萍 《农业生物技术学报》2008,16(3)
苏云金芽孢杆菌WZ-9是本室从河北省土壤中分离的对马铃薯瓢虫的幼虫有特异杀虫活性的新菌株，本文对该菌株的形态特征、生长特性、生物活性、基因型和蛋白型等方面进行了研究。结果表明该菌株可产生菱形伴孢晶体，SDS-PAGE检测表达的主要蛋白条带分子量约为130kDa，生长周期是24h，随菌株的生长培养基pH值发生变化；生物活性测定表明该菌对马铃薯瓢虫2龄幼虫72h校正死亡率达100%，LC50为2.95×107细胞/mL；基因型鉴定表明含有cry7基因，获得了一条总长为3781bp基因序列，其中包含了一个3414 bp的开放读码框，其编码的蛋白由1138个氨基酸残基组成，与Cry7Ab2具有99.65%的序列同源性，存在4个氨基酸差异，亲缘关系最近，该蛋白被Bt 杀虫晶体蛋白命名委员会命名为Cry7Ab3( 登录号为BI 1015188) 。 相似文献
10.
双价苏云金芽孢杆菌cry基因载体构建及其在大肠杆菌中表达杀虫活性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究和利用不同苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)杀虫蛋白之间的增效作用是构建高效遗传工程虫剂，预防和延缓害虫抗性的重要途径。BtCry1Ab,Cry1Ac和Cry2Aa蛋白对重要的鳞翅目农业害虫具有主毒力，质粒pHT-BSK含有能在大肠杆菌（Echerichia coli)－枯草芽孢杆菌（B.subtilis)有效表达的生物安全性标记基因卡那霉素抗性基因。将含Btcry1A,cry1Ac和cry2Aa全长基因的Bam HI/PstI,Bam H I/Xho I和Sma I(Bam H I)HindⅢDNA片段与pHT-BSK的应酶切产物连接，获得了单价cry/km^r组合的重组质粒pBlue-1Ab-km^r,pBlue-1Ab和pHT-2Aa;cry1Ab,cry1Ac DNA片段与pHT-2Aa相应酶切产物相连接获得了Bt双价基因／km^r组合重组质粒pBlue-crylAb-km^r-2Aa和pBlue-cry1Ac-km^4-2Aa，重组质粒中所有cry基因与km^r均形成特异的Bam H I片段。限制酶切电泳分析和特异PCR扩增证实了重组质粒的准确连接。含有重组质粒的大肠杆菌显示了对小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）和玉米暝（Ostrinia furnacalis)的杀虫活性，对小菜蛾双价基因毒力高于单价基因，但对玉米螟它们之间没有明显差异。研究为进一步阐明Bt cry 2Aa与cry1Ab和cry 1Ac之间在不同微生物细胞中的共表达及其表达产物之间的相互作用和构建双价基因杀虫工程菌株创造了条件。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献