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1.
采用盆栽试验,研究水分胁迫对刨花润楠幼苗光合生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,揭示水分胁迫对刨花润楠光合作用及生理指标之间的关系,为刨花润楠苗期水肥管理及栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:在4种水分胁迫下,刨花润楠幼苗的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度的日变化均呈双峰曲线,有明显的光合午休现象,轻度干旱(LS)对刨花润楠幼苗的净光合速率(P_n)、初始荧光(F_o)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)无明显影响(P0.05);中度干旱(MS)及重度干旱(SS)均使刨花润楠幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、电子传递速率(ETR)、最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSII)、PSII的潜在活性(F_v/F_o)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)及生长显著下降(P0.05);初始荧光(F_o)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)显著升高(P0.05);在轻度干旱和中度干旱胁迫下刨花润楠幼苗光合作用的降低主要是由气孔关闭引起的,而重度干旱胁迫下光合作用的下降主要是由光合机构活性降低的非气孔因素引起的。  相似文献   

2.
《湖北林业科技》2017,(6):14-19
本文以多年生宜昌润楠(Machilus ichangensis)为材料,采取室内控温系统模拟低温胁迫条件,研究不同浓度CaCl_2处理对低温胁迫下宜昌润楠幼苗叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性以及激素ABA含量的影响,初步探究CaCl_2对润楠幼苗抗寒性的调节机理。结果表明:(1)宜昌润楠幼苗在-5℃条件下喷施5 mmol/LCaCl_2后叶绿素含量最高。(2)宜昌润楠幼苗在5℃条件下喷施25 mmol/LCaCl_2后丙二醛(MDA)含量最低。(3)宜昌润楠幼苗在低温胁迫条件下,通过喷施CaCl_2能影响可溶性蛋白的含量。(4)宜昌润楠幼苗在-5℃条件下喷施25mmol/LCaCl_2后可溶性糖含量最高。(5)宜昌润楠幼苗在低温胁迫条件下,通过喷施CaCl_2能提高SOD和POD的活性,其中在0℃条件下,宜昌润楠幼苗经5 mmol/LCaCl_2喷施后的SOD活性达到最高,在-5℃条件下宜昌润楠幼苗经5 mmol/LCaCl_2喷施后的POD活性达到最高。(6)宜昌润楠幼苗在低温胁迫条件下,通过喷施CaCl_2能提高激素ABA含量,在-5℃条件下喷施5 mmol/LCaCl_2后ABA含量最高。  相似文献   

3.
为研究润楠属植物的抗寒性，检测了4种润楠属植物在自然低温胁迫下的生理指标：叶绿素、相对电导率(REC)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白(SP),分析其抗寒性。采用隶属函数法综合评价4种润楠属植物的抗寒性，结果为：宜昌润楠>刨花润楠>红梗润楠>小果润楠。采用层次分析法(AHP)对4种润楠属植物的观赏性进行综合评价，结果为：宜昌润楠>刨花润楠>小果润楠>红梗润楠。  相似文献   

4.
采用盆栽人工模拟控水法干旱胁迫,探讨巴东木莲Manglietia patungensis幼苗的生长和生理特性对干旱胁迫的响应情况,随着干旱胁迫的加剧,巴东木莲幼苗苗高、地径和生物量逐渐降低,可溶性蛋白含量逐渐升高,叶绿素含量在对照处理略高,在轻度胁迫处理和中度胁迫处理明显降低。随着胁迫时间的延长,巴东木莲幼苗叶片组织相对含水量降低,丙二醛含量先升后降再升,脯氨酸含量逐渐升高,保护酶SOD活性均呈先增加而后降低的变化趋势。研究表明:在不同程度的干旱胁迫条件下,巴东木莲幼苗的生长受到一定程度的抑制,但能够通过调节自身的保护酶系统活性和渗透调节物质含量来减轻干旱伤害,维持植物体的正常生理代谢功能,从而表现出一定的抗旱耐旱潜力。  相似文献   

5.
以刨花润楠(Machilus pauhoi)幼苗为试验材料,设置3种不同酸雨类型(硫酸型、硝酸型、混合型)及pH为2.5、4.0、5.6的3个梯度,研究不同酸雨对刨花润楠幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量的影响,以期为幼苗的栽培及耐酸胁迫机理提供理论依据。结果表明,T5(pH 2.5)、T6(pH 4.0)、T7(pH 5.6)等硝酸型酸雨对叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量均有明显的促进作用,其中,T7的叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量均最高,T6的叶绿素b含量最高。CK的叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量均最低。不同酸雨梯度间,叶绿素a含量有显著差异,叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量无显著差异。3种酸雨类型均能促进刨花润楠叶绿素含量的积累,酸性环境下对其叶绿素含量影响较小。  相似文献   

6.
为了评价1年生七叶树幼苗抗旱性,采用盆栽称重控制土壤含水量下限的方法,设置5个水分处理水平,测定其生理指标动态变化特征。结果表明:随着水分胁迫时间的延长,七叶树幼苗叶绿素总含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸含量均表现为先升高后降低,电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量表现为逐渐增加。在短期胁迫下CAT、SOD、POD活性随胁迫程度的加深而升高,长期胁迫下随胁迫程度的加深而降低;可溶性蛋白含量在短期胁迫下随胁迫程度加深先升高后降低,长期胁迫下其含量先下降后升高;电导率、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量随胁迫程度的增加而增加;叶绿素总含量随胁迫程度的增加先升高后降低;MDA含量随胁迫程度的增加先减少后增加。复水试验表明各生理指标均有恢复,表现出较强抗旱性,七叶树可以作为干旱地区园林绿化树种。  相似文献   

7.
以千层金实生苗为材料，采用盆栽模拟试验，研究不同浓度酸、碱、盐胁迫连续15天和30天对千层金幼苗的形态、叶片含水量、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量以及SOD活性的影响。结果表明，不同处理的植株与对照（ CK）相比，除了pH值为4和11条件下植株出现叶片枯萎脱落现象，叶片含水量呈下降趋势以外，其余的在形态上没有太大的变化，表明千层金幼苗对酸、碱胁迫有一定的抗性，在pH值为5～10浓度处理下的植株均能正常生长；随着胁迫时间的延长，叶绿素含量以pH值为8的居高，随着pH值的降低和升高，均呈现逐渐降低的趋势，而丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量以及SOD活性均明显高于对照（ CK）；用不同浓度混合盐碱对千层金幼苗进行胁迫处理，随着浓度的增大，脯氨酸含量和SOD活性呈先升后降的趋势，丙二醛含量不断增加，当pH值大于9， NaCl浓度在0.3％以上的盐碱混合胁迫处理15天以后，千层金幼苗植株受伤害程度不断加大。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】研究铝胁迫下泡桐幼苗的生理变化,为泡桐幼苗逆境生长的抗性提供帮助。【方法】选取3年生9501泡桐和白花泡桐的根作为供试材料,采用砂培胁迫的方式研究在铝胁迫处理30 d和60 d条件下对照组以及0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2和2.4 mmol/L浓度在铝胁迫条件下2种泡桐幼苗的全氮和叶绿素等以及超氧化物歧化酶活性等生理指标的变化规律。【结果】随着铝处理浓度的升高,泡桐幼苗中的全氮、全钾、钙和锌元素含量均呈现下降趋势,磷元素含量随胁迫浓度增加逐渐增长,上述元素除0.3 mmol/L均与对照组差异显著,硫、铁、铜元素含量各胁迫浓度间差异不显著;同时,两种泡桐幼苗的叶绿素含量与对照组相比差异先增后减;丙二醛、可溶性糖、过氧化物酶的含量和电导率不断增加,显著高于对照组;游离脯氨酸含量则呈现逐渐递减的规律,显著低于对照组;超氧化物歧化酶活性在胁迫30 d时递增,60 d时先增后减。上述生理指标在除0.3 mmol/L处理与对照组差异显著(P 0.05)。【结论】泡桐幼苗在铝胁迫条件下各营养元素吸收过程受阻、生长受限,生理指标出现显著降低,泡桐幼苗的铝毒可适浓度为0.3 mmol/L,通过对铝胁迫条件下泡桐的各项生理指标比较分析得出,9501泡桐的铝胁迫抗性优于白花泡桐。  相似文献   

9.
通过对多油辣木幼苗设置干旱胁迫处理,测定了不同处理的生理生化指标。结果表明,在轻度和中度干旱胁迫下,幼苗叶片组织含水量随着胁迫天数的增加出现先升后降的趋势,在重度干旱胁迫下则是随着胁迫天数的增加而逐渐降低;可溶性糖含量在轻度干旱胁迫下呈现上升趋势,而中度和重度干旱胁迫强度下先增后降;可溶性蛋白的含量均呈现先升后降的趋势;游离脯氨酸含量随胁迫天数的增加呈现上升趋势;丙二醛含量在处理前期变化不大,而后期出现大幅度的增加,且会随着干旱程度的加剧而加大;相对电导率也都是随着干旱程度的加大和干旱时间的延伸而不断升高;过氧化物酶活性则是轻度干旱胁迫下呈现上升趋势,中度和重度干旱处理下都是随着时间的延伸而呈现出先增加后减少的趋势;叶绿素变化范围不大,但均低于对照组。主成分分析结果表明,辣木幼苗叶片内游离脯氨酸对其抗旱性起着重要的作用。  相似文献   

10.
为找出可以加快刨花润楠苗木生长速度的生长调节剂,采用不同植物生长调节剂(PP_(333)、NAA、GA_3)及其不同浓度(0、60、120、240、480mg L~(-1))对刨花润楠幼苗进行叶面喷施试验,测定各处理后的苗高生长量,结果表明:PP_(333)阻碍苗木正常高生长,其余各种浓度的GA_3、NAA都有促进刨花润楠的苗木生长,以浓度240 mg L~(-1)GA_3或浓度480mg L~(-1) GA_3促进刨花润楠苗高生长作用最显著,浓度240mg L~(-1) NAA次之。  相似文献   

11.

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.  相似文献   

12.

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.  相似文献   

13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

14.
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered.  相似文献   

15.

The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions.  相似文献   

16.

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.  相似文献   

17.

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.  相似文献   

18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。  相似文献   

19.
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists.  相似文献   

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