共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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用Wright's染色及细胞化学方法,对"优鲈1号"大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)外周血细胞形态特征进行观察,并通过吞噬实验分析其血细胞的免疫功能。结果表明血细胞可分为红细胞和白细胞,白细胞包括粒细胞(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型粒细胞)、单核细胞、淋巴细胞及血栓细胞;其中红细胞数最多,白细胞较少;白细胞中,淋巴细胞比例最大(62.73%)。通过过碘酸-雪夫氏反应(PAS)、苏丹黑B(SBB)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化物酶(POX)、酚氧化酶(PO)染色,红细胞染色均呈阴性,而白细胞除AKP、POX染色外,染色均呈阳性,且不同白细胞阳性染色程度不一致,其中血栓细胞染色均较强烈。吞噬实验表明,红细胞具有吞噬功能,吞噬率为(16.17±1.08)%;粒细胞和血栓细胞具黏附能力,且血栓细胞能形成黏附花环,这可能与血栓细胞形态多样性及糖原、脂类、ACP和PO有关。 相似文献
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通过对成年似鲇高原鳅(Triplophysa siluroides)外周血细胞涂片及中肾、肝脏和脾脏组织的印片进行瑞氏(Wright’s)、过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)和苏丹黑B(SBB)染色,观察各类血细胞形态、大小、分布及细胞化学特征。结果表明:似鲇高原鳅血细胞可分为红细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和血栓细胞,各类血细胞的发生(除血栓细胞)均可分为原始、幼稚和成熟三个阶段。外周血中红细胞比例最多,为97.56%,白细胞中血栓细胞数量最多占52.86%,居白细胞的首位;三种粒细胞中嗜中性粒细胞数量最多占30.25%。粒细胞的主要发生场所在中肾占45.18%,红细胞的主要发生场所在脾脏,占71.62%,肝脏中未见原始血细胞。在中肾中同时可见嗜酸性、嗜碱性和嗜中性三种粒细胞的发生。各阶段的白细胞PAS染色均显示阳性,但只有各阶段的粒细胞SBB染色显示阳性。 相似文献
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采用血细胞常规染色和细胞化学染色对厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征进行观察。结果显示:厚颌鲂外周血细胞可分为红细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和三种类型粒细胞。红细胞有幼稚、成熟和衰老三种形态,其中幼稚和衰老红细胞较少见;血栓细胞数量最多,其次是淋巴细胞。粒细胞中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较常见,Ⅲ型粒细胞少有。细胞化学染色显示幼红细胞、血栓细胞和淋巴细胞均呈ACP弱阳性;单核细胞呈ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅰ型粒细胞是嗜中性粒细胞,POX、ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅱ型粒细胞是PAS-GL,PAS强阳性和ACP阳性;Ⅲ型粒细胞是Ⅰ型粒细胞的晚期形态。厚颌鲂的PAS-GL可能是嗜酸性/嗜碱性粒细胞,而不是嗜碱性粒细胞的前体。 相似文献
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分析了克氏原螯虾Procambarus clarkia人工感染白斑综合征病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)后,其血细胞吞噬(Phagocytosis)活性,肝胰腺酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性的变化规律,其目的是为WSSV感染与螯虾的免疫防御反应等研究提供依据.分析结果显示,随着WSSV感染克氏原螯虾时间的延长,血细胞吞噬活性、肝胰腺酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性也随之改变,其中血细胞吞噬活性的变化规律性比较明显,可作为WSSV感染的敏感指标,也可以用作间接指示克氏原螯虾健康状况的指标.而在不同的感染时间,克氏原螯虾肝胰腺ACP与AKP的活性波动较大,无明显的规律可循,难以作为WSSV感染的敏感指标. 相似文献
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采用组织化学方法对虾夷扇贝胚胎及早期幼虫内的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)进行了定位研究。结果显示:从卵细胞到D型面盘幼虫各个时期ACP和AKP都呈阳性;卵细胞中ACP阳性颗粒比较均匀地分散在细胞内,受精卵中央着色较浅;卵裂期个体较大的分裂球内阳性颗粒较多,16细胞期到囊胚期的细胞近核区域着色深;面盘幼虫可见ACP集中在内脏团和外套膜区域。卵细胞中AKP阳性颗粒主要存在于细胞中央及细胞膜附近,卵裂期、囊胚、原肠胚和担轮幼虫各个发育时期都可观察到细胞膜附近着色较深,面盘幼虫AKP活性集中在外套膜边缘和内脏团。 相似文献
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对橄榄蛏蚌(Solenaia oleivora)血细胞的形态特征和吞噬作用进行了初步研究。基于瑞氏染色后血细胞的形态、颜色、大小等特征,可将橄榄蛏蚌的血细胞分为大颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞、透明细胞、类淋巴细胞共4种类型。透明细胞的直径最大,小颗粒细胞次之,类淋巴细胞最小;透明细胞的胞核直径最大,小颗粒细胞次之,大颗粒细胞最小。类淋巴细胞的核质比最大(0.67),其他3种细胞的核质比为0.37～0.48。4种血细胞所占比例以小颗粒细胞最高(43.6%),透明细胞次之(36.6%),类淋巴细胞最低(7.0%)。橄榄蛏蚌平均血细胞浓度为(4.21±1.51)×105个/mL,个体的血细胞浓度与体重(或壳长)不相关(P>0.05),不同体重组(或壳长组)的平均血细胞浓度无显著差异(P>0.05)。在37℃体外吞噬试验中,橄榄蛏蚌血细胞对金黄色葡萄球菌的吞噬比例为(43.6±7.0)%,吞噬指数为(0.743±0.145)。4种血细胞中,小颗粒细胞的吞噬比例最大(0.288±0.061),类淋巴细胞不具吞噬能力。 相似文献
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采用光镜和电镜的方法,以血细胞所含颗粒与否,颗粒多少和核质比等将成年日本新糠虾血细胞进行分型,并对各型血细胞所占比例进行统计。利用生化分析的方法,对不同发育阶段(新孵后0、10、20和30d)日本新糠虾全组织中磷酸酶(酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶)、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶的活性进行测定。结果表明,日本新糠虾血细胞可为3种类型,它们分别为透明细胞、半颗粒细胞和颗粒细胞。它们的胞体大小依次增大,核质比依次降低。对此3种类型血细胞比例分别统计后发现,颗粒细胞所占比例最多约为47.53%±0.02,其次是半颗粒细胞约为31.23%±0.01,最少的是透明细胞约为21.24%±0.02。日本新糠虾体内磷酸酶(酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶)、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶的活性均有随个体发育而呈降低的趋势。3种酶中以溶菌酶的活性最高,平均约为305.20U/mg蛋白,其次是酸性磷酸酶约为0.2365U/mg蛋白,而酚氧化酶和酸性磷酸酶在成体中的活性基本一致,约为0.1295U/mg蛋白。研究表明,日本新糠虾血细胞组成中,以颗粒细胞为主。溶菌酶是其主要的免疫活性物质。日本新糠虾体内磷酸酶(酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶)、溶菌酶和酚氧化酶活性有随其个体发育而逐渐... 相似文献
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为研究丙烯酸对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的免疫酶活性的影响,采用半静水式毒性测试方法,分别用3种不同浓度(0.84、4.20、21.00mg/L)丙烯酸处理24、48、72、96h后,检测仿刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果发现:与对照组相比,各浓度丙烯酸处理24h后,ACP、CAT酶活性无显著差异,SOD酶活性显著上升;中、低浓度处理组AKP酶活性显著上升。48h后,随着丙烯酸处理浓度升高,ACP、AKP、SOD酶活性上升,具有剂量-效应正相关性;与对照组相比,中、低浓度处理组CAT活性显著降低,高浓度处理组CAT活性显著上升。72h后,随着丙烯酸处理浓度升高,SOD酶活性下降,具有剂量-效应负相关性。96h后,ACP、AKP酶活性与对照组无显著差异,高浓度组SOD酶活性极显著降低。上述结果表明:0.84~21.00mg/L的丙烯酸处理0~96h对仿刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、SOD和CAT等免疫指标有一定程度的影响。 相似文献
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Effects of salinity on the physiological responses of the large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea under indoor culture conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 The physiological responses to different environmental salinities were assessed in juveniles of large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. This species shows a good capacity to adapt to comparatively low environmental salinities by evaluating some physiological responses, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) in the liver, spleen, gill and kidney respectively. Growth and survival at salinity 5‰, 10‰ and 25‰ were better than those at salinity 15‰ and 20‰. No significant differences in ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM in the liver were observed among different salinity treatments; SOD, AKP and LZM in the spleen among different treatments only showed significant differences at the beginning or the 2nd week; in the gill, no significant difference of AKP and LZM were observed during the whole experiment, SOD among different treatments showed significant difference at the beginning and the 8th week, and ACP only showed significant difference at the end of the experiment; in the kidney, significant differences in ACP, AKP and SOD among different salinities were merely observed at the end of experiment, and LZM showed significant difference among different treatments at the 2nd week. Overall, some slight stress responses were observed, but few significant differences were observed between low salinity and normal salinity, especially the growth and physiological functions were not influenced by low salinity, i.e. 5‰ and 10‰. We conclude that juvenile large yellow croaker is tolerant to low salinity and shows a potential for low salinity culture. 相似文献
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Quality and biochemical properties of artificially hibernated crucian carp for waterless preservation 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The aim of this study was to explore the artificial hibernation of crucian carp for?waterless preservation and to characterize the quality and biochemical properties during and after the hibernation. Anesthetized crucian carp using eugenol were stored at 8?°C with 90?% oxygen and 95–100?% relative humidity for 38?h and then transferred to fresh water to recover. Liquid loss and cooking loss had no significant changes (p?>?0.05). The total volatile basic nitrogen content and 2-thiobarbituric acid value in hibernated fish were significantly higher (p?<?0.05) than fresh and recovered groups. Serum cortisol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities significantly increased (p?<?0.05) during hibernation, while glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) had no significant change (p?>?0.05). Both ACP and AKP activities decreased upon the fish recovered, but only the ACP activity returned to normal. However, there were increased serum glucose concentration, GOT and GPT activities in recovered fish. On the basis of these findings, it can be concluded that the artificially hibernated life of crucian carp was 38?h by the combination of anaesthetizing and low temperature. The muscle quality would not be influenced, and most of the stress responses would disappear after hibernated fish recovered. 相似文献
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Panagagelos Dendrinos Somen Dewan John P. Thorpe 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1984,38(2):137-144
The feeding efficiency of larval, post larval and juvenile Dover sole (Solea solea L.) was studied by using Artemia stained with five different food colourings — brilliant blue, pink, lemon yellow, red “C” and black.The results show that the feeding efficiency is markedly improved by this treatment. The maximum feeding efficiency was found using black stained Artemia and minimum for the unstained control. This clearly suggests that the contrast perception of the food in relation to the illumination of the background is of major importance especially during the critical weaning period of the larval stage when feeding is being established. 相似文献
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暗纹东方鲀卵子磷酸酶等生化指标分析与卵质评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究暗纹东方鲀卵子可发育能力与其生化指标的关系,用生化分析方法对暗纹东方鲀未受精卵子基本成分、磷酸酶活力、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活力、唾液酸(SA)、氨基酸含量进行分析,同时用GC-MS方法对脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行检测,并对各物质变化规律与其孵化率的相关性进行分析。结果显示,酸性磷酸酶活力(ACP)、SA含量与孵化率显著相关,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)与孵化率显著负相关;C14:0与孵化率显著相关,并呈现递减趋势;ARA、DHA与孵化率均显著相关,并呈现先递增后递减的变化趋势;n-3脂肪酸、DHA与EPA之比、EPA与ARA之比均与孵化率存在显著相关。结果表明,磷酸酶、SA、脂肪酸等物质变化规律与卵子孵化率存在相关性,且ACP活力值在68.045~141.038,AKP活力值在2.298~7.241,SA含量在9.081~19.973,C14:0含量在0.485~0.658,ARA含量在1.371~2.498,DHA含量在13.838~18.469时,均可作为卵子孵化率不低于50%的参考指标,据此可在一定程度上反映暗纹东方鲀苗种繁育生产中所用卵子的可孵化价值,亦可作为参考指标对其卵子质量进行初步的客观评价。 相似文献
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David Yasharian Shawn D Coyle James H Tidwell & William Earl Stilwell 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(3):278-283
Seedstock‐costs of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii can represent >50% of the total production costs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of culture tank colouration on survival, metamorphosis rate, weight and time required to reach the postlarval (PL) stage. Newly hatched prawn larvae were stocked into eighteen 16‐L plastic culture tanks at a density of 30 L?1. Tank colours evaluated were red, black, white, blue, green and yellow. Larval prawns were fed brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) nauplii and a supplemental diet. Data indicated that larval tank colour had no significant impact (P>0.05) on the final PL size or days required to reach PL stage. However, total survival was significantly higher (P<0.05) in red and green tanks (84% and 78% respectively) than in white and blue tanks (56% and 44% respectively). Survival in the yellow and black tanks (71% in both) was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the red, green or white treatments, but was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the blue treatment. This could have a significant financial impact on commercial hatchery, and growout production, as most larval tanks currently in use are blue or black. 相似文献
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为研究不同蛋白质水平和加工工艺饲料对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长性能、消化力和抗氧化能力的影响,本研究采用4个蛋白质水平(28%、30%、32%和36%)和2种加工工艺即膨化饲料(EF)和硬颗粒饲料(PF)的4×2双因素实验设计,进行为期13周的养殖实验。结果显示,蛋白质水平和加工工艺对克氏原螯虾增重率和肝体比有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。主效应结果显示,28%蛋白质可显著提高增重率和特定生长率,EF组的末重和增重率显著高于PF组(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平和加工工艺对肝胰脏的胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性有交互作用(P<0.05)。主效应结果显示,肝胰脏的胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和肠道胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶均在28%蛋白质水平时最高,EF组肝胰脏胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和肠道胰蛋白酶活力高于PF组(P<0.05)。蛋白质水平和加工工艺对肝胰脏的丙二醛和碱性磷酸酶活性有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。主效应结果显示,肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶活性以及血清的碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶均在28%蛋白质水平时最低。PF组肝胰脏丙二醛含量显著低于EF组(P<0.05),碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于EF组(P<0.05)。4种模型(Logistic、Gompertz、Von Bertalanffy和Brody)均能很好地模拟克氏原螯虾体重和体长的生长曲线,拟合度均大于0.97,其中,以Logistic模型拟合克氏原螯虾体重和体长最优,且幂函数可以反映体重和体长之间的关系。综上所述,28%蛋白质水平和膨化加工工艺使克氏原螯虾具有最优的生长性能和消化力,28%蛋白质水平的硬颗粒饲料可提高克氏原螯虾的抗氧化能力。 相似文献
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Gad Degani 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(9):807-815
The DNA of two laboratory strains of guppy (Poecilia reticulata), Black Yellow (BYS) and Red Flame (RFS), was studied with respect to their colour differences, in two generations (F1 and F2). Their varying morphological colours were related to their cloned fragments of cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and random‐amplified polymorphic DNA‐polymerase chain reaction (RAPD‐PCR). The F1 generation was characterized by various forms. The male BYS could be divided into 68% having black–yellow tails and 14% having black–yellow–red tails. The other variations were found in very low percentages. The percentage of black–yellow‐tailed males increased to 85 in the F2 generation, and the percentages of the various other forms consequently decreased. Only 63% of BYS males had black–yellow dorsal fins in the F1 generation, but this percentage increased to 84 in F2. Compared with the males, fewer variations were found in female colour patterns in the F1 generation. A high percentage of BYS females (81%) colour was found with no significant increase in the F2 generation. However, variations decreased in the F2 females. On the other hand, a very high variation was found in female fins in the F1 generation: only 32% were of BYS colour and 25% had no‐colour fins. However, a significant increase in BYS colour was found in the F2 generation (61%) and 39% had no colour. The variation in RFS was lower than BYS in the F1 generation: 81% of the F1 males had red–yellow tails with colour, 46% of the fins were yellow and 36% were red–white. In females, a very high percentage (84%) had red–yellow tails and 76% had no‐colour dorsal fins. Mitochondria DNA markers and genomic DNA were studied in various laboratory strains. In the clone of the fragments of cytochrome b, the bands correlated to the colour phenotype. A fragment of the cDNA sequence was determined from a 268‐bp cloned with fragments of the guppy cytochrome b mtDNA gene. The genes varied for the two strains in only two base pairs, starting at the nucleotide position 171 and ending at position 174. Three primers showed good results in the RAPD‐PCR and were found suitable for the study of DNA variations in guppy. The high variation detected in BYS, in comparison with RFS, was reflected by changes in band‐sharing (BS) values ranging from 0.66 to 1, versus 0.8 to 1 in RFS. 相似文献