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本文报道采自陕西和浙江的跳小蜂二新种，即寄生梧桐木虱Ｔｈｙｓａｎｏｇｙｎａ ｌｉｍｂａｔａ的长索木虱跳小蜂Ｐｓｙｌｌｅａｐｈａｇｕｓ ｌｏｎｇｉｆｕｍｉｃｕｌｕｓ Ｘｕ，Ｓｐ．ｎ．和寄生朴木虱Ｐａｃｈｙｐｓｙｌｌａ ｃｅｌｔｉｄｉｓｇｅｍｍａ的阔柄木虱跳小蜂Ｐｓｙｌｌａｅｐｈａｇｕｓ ｌａｔｉｓｃａｐｕｓ Ｘｕ，ｓｐ．ｎ．。对新种进行详描述。本文也是木虱跳小蜂属Ｐｓｙｌｌａｅｐｈａｇｕｓ Ａｓｈｍｅａｄ在我国分布的首次记录。 相似文献
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柳木虱啮小蜂——中国新记录种盛金坤（江西农业大学植保系南昌３３００４５）关键词：膜翅目寄生蜂形态分布新记录生物防治柳木虱啮小蜂Ｔａｍａｒｉｘｉａａｃｔｉｓ（Ｗａｌｋ－ｅｒ）属膜翅目姬小蜂科、木虱啮小蜂属。是柳黑线角个木虱Ｂａｃｔｅｒｉｃｅｒａｓｐ．的... 相似文献
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该文报道采自甘肃、江苏、浙江、广西等省的５种跳小蜂,即绒蚧艾菲跳小蜂ＡｐｈｙｃｕｓｅｒｉｏｃｏｃｉＴｉｍｂｅｒｌａｋｅ、五斑佳丽跳小蜂ＣａｌｉｐｔｅｒｏｍａｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｇｕｔａｔａＭｏｔｓｃｈ、毛角尖梗跳小蜂Ｃｅｒａｐｔｅｒｏｃｅｒｕｓｐｉｌｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ、混淆莱曼跳小蜂Ｌａｍｅｎｎａｉｓｉａａｍｂｉｇｕａ、三色丽突跳小蜂Ｌｅｐｔｏｍａｓｔｉｄｅａａｂｎｏｒｍｉｓ。这５种跳小蜂在我国属首次报道,主要寄生各种介壳虫,其中除艾菲跳小蜂属Ａｐｈｙｃｕｓ外,其余４个属是中国分布新记录属。 相似文献
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卵寄生物大蛾卵跳小蜂Ooencyrtus kuwanae是寄生舞毒蛾卵期的一种多化性跳小蜂,每年可繁殖5—6代。从7月末到12月末寄生舞毒蛾卵;然后掉到落叶层下越冬。在少量寄主卵块密度时特别有效, 幼虫寄生物 Apanteles melanoscelus是寄生舞毒蛾幼龄幼虫的一种多化性茧蜂。已知雌蜂约产卵1000粒。这种寄生物一年繁殖两代,并以老熟幼虫在茧内越冬;茧通常黄色,形似稻粒。 相似文献
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我省森林害虫种类繁多、分布广泛、为害严重,但天敌资源亦相当丰富,在控制与消灭害虫方面发挥着重要作用。为了今后深入开展此项研究工作,注意保护、繁殖和引进天敌,更好地发挥它们的作用,笔者将我所过去多年采集的姬蜂、茧蜂、小蜂、黑卵蜂等标本进行了初步整理和鉴定。本文共记述了27个种。其中有姬蜂科10种、茧蜂科10种、旋小蜂科3种、赤眼蜂科1种、啮小蜂科1种、黑卵蜂科2种。有种名的19个,其余8个只定到属。有种名的6种姬蜂、3种小蜂和2种黑卵蜂国内均有报导。有种名的8种茧蜂中,小卷蛾绒茧蜂、 相似文献
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我国红蜡蚧的寄生蜂共记载有30种，文章根据各种蜂的生物学习性，对这些寄生蜂进行了订正研究，确定其中19种为红蜡蚧的初寄生蜂，其中跳小蜂科Encyrtidae 10种：红蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂Anicetus beneficus Ishii et Yasumatsu、霍氏扁角跳小蜂A.howardi Hayat,Alam et Agarwal、红帽蜡蚧扁角跳小蜂A.ohgushii Tachikawa、食红扁角跳小蜂A.rubensi Xu et He、寡毛扁角跳小蜂A.rarisetus Xu et He、柯氏花翅跳小蜂Microterys clauseni Compere、聂特花翅跳小蜂M.nietneri (Motschulsky）、红黄花翅跳小蜂M.rufofulvus Ishii、美丽花翅跳小蜂M.speciosus Ishii、匀色花翅跳小蜂M.unicoloris Xu；蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae 7种：斑翅食蚧蚜小蜂Coccophagus ceroplastae (Howard）、夏威夷食蚧蚜小蜂C.hawaiiensis Timberlake、赛黄盾食蚧蚜小蜂C.ishiii Compere、日本食蚧蚜小蜂C.japonicus Compere、赖食蚧蚜小蜂C.lycimnia (Walker）、黑色食蚧蚜小蜂C.yashidae Nakayama、蜡蚧斑翅蚜小蜂Aneristus ceroplastae Howard;金小蜂科Pteromalidae 1种：盔蚧短腹金小蜂Anysis saissetiae (Ashmead）；姬小蜂科Eulophidae 1种：蜡蚧啮小蜂Tetrastichus ceroplastae (Girault)。5种为红蜡蚧的重寄生蜂：粉蚧克氏跳小蜂Clausenia purpurea Ishii、敛眼优赛跳小蜂Eusemion comigerum (Walker）、褐软蚧尖角跳小蜂Pareusemion studiosum Ishii、微食皂马跳小蜂Zaomma lambinus(Walker)、日本方梗跳小蜂Cerapteroceroides japonicus Ashmead,其他6种为误订。另外，还记述了各种寄生蜂的寄主及分布，以便参考。 相似文献
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自浙江省竹子虫瘿中养出的 10种小蜂 ,其中竹泰广肩小蜂 (TetramesabambusaePhilips)在我国属首次报道。在这 10种小蜂中 ,仅竹瘿广肩小蜂 (AiolomorphusrhopaloidesWalker)、竹泰广肩小蜂 (Te tramesabambusaePhilips)和刚竹泰广肩小蜂 (TetramesaphyllostrachitisGahan)是真正对竹子有危害性的小蜂。 相似文献
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寄生于美国白蛾的黑棒啮小蜂中国二新种(膜翅目:姬小蜂科) 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
报道和记述了在中国发现的寄生于美国白蛾的姬小蜂科啮小蜂属黑棒啮小蜂种团(Tetrastichus howardi species group)的2个新种：山东白蛾啮小蜂Tetrastichus shandongensis Yang，白蛾黑基啮小蜂T.nigricoxae Yang。这2种啮小蜂均群集内寄生于美国白蛾蛹中，每寄主蛹平均出蜂分别为77头和124头，平均寄生率分别为6．2％和9．8％，在生物防治上具有良好的利用前景。文末列出了啮小蜂属黑棒啮小蜂种团中国已知3个种的检索表。新种的模式标本保存于中国林业科学研究院昆虫标本馆。 相似文献
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In Bulgaria near Marikostino, in a forest ofPinus nigra Arn. 239 egg batches were sampled over four generations ofThaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. &; Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in various seasons. Directly after collection the batches were singled in test tubes, closed with cotton stoppers and stored under laboratory conditions at 20–22°C. Oviposition always started from the base towards the tip of the needles. The emergence of egg parasitoids was observed daily, and the parasitoids were counted and identified. The eggs from which parasitoids emerged were marked for further studies. After removing the adults and opening the eggs, the impact of the species of parasitoids was evaluated by identifying the meconia and other rests (left overs). Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) was the most abundant egg parasitoid, followed byAnastatus bifasciatus (Fonsc.). Only few individuals ofBaryscapus servadeii (Dom.) were collected. The hyperparasitoidBaryscapus servadeii (Dom.) were collected. The hyperparasitoidBaryscapus transversalis Graham, was found at low densities. Only a few eggs were parasitised byTrichogramma embryophagum Htg. Total mortality of the host eggs varied from 34.7 to 79.7% depending on the period of parasitism and on the numbers of sterile eggs. The impact of the parasitoids was calculated to be 9.3–38.9%, depending on the period when parasitism had taken place. The mean number of eggs per batch varied from 203 to 253. The rate of parasitism was reduced by early sampling of the egg batches. In some cases, a very high percentage (up to 29.2%) of undeveloped eggs was found. In all samples a small percentage of empty eggs was always observed. 相似文献
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G. J. Stathas 《Journal of pest science》2001,74(3):57-59
The phenology and natural enemies of Nemolecanium graniformis (Wunn) (Homoptera: Coccidae) in infesting Abies cephalonica, were studied in Greece during 1998?–?1999. This oviparous species develops one generation per year in Central Greece (Attica) and overwinters as 2nd instar nymph. Young adult females appear by the end of July, and the first instar nymphs by the middle of August. By the middle of October, the whole population of the scale is recorded as 2nd instar nymphs. The parasitoids Coccophagus lycimnia (Walker), Coccophagus Westwood sp., Aphycoides Mercet sp. and the predator Exochomus quadripustulatus L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were observed as natural enemies of the scale. The average fecundity of N. graniformis was 188.4 eggs. 相似文献
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在对浙江九龙山自然保护区内的粉叶柿群落进行调查的基础上,分析了粉叶柿群落结构与物种多样性以及粉叶柿种群结构与分布格局等特征.结果表明:样地中共有维管束植物79种,隶属37科66属,单属种植物较多.植物区系具有热带起源性,是从热带向温带过渡的阶段.群落垂直层次分明,物种的丰富度指数、多样性和均匀度均为灌木层>乔木层>草本层.粉叶柿种群结构呈纺锤型,幼苗严重不足,种群有衰退的趋势.种群分布格局整体上呈集群分布,在不同发育阶段,种群分布格局有所差异:幼树为集群分布,中树和大树为随机分布,种群呈扩散趋势.这种差异与其牛物学、生态学特性及与物种的竞争排斥作用有密切联系. 相似文献
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Yoichi Sakakibara Ryûtarô Iwata Hirotaka Kobayashi Fusao Yamada 《Journal of Forest Research》1996,1(3):169-175
Beetle samples were compared between catches by traps and those on flowers in a Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) forest, in Minakami, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. White plastic traps (Sankei Chemical Co., Ltd.) equipped with benzyl
acetate were set out for a month from July 23 to August 23, 1993, and all beetles captured were collected every six days.
During six days from August 10 to August 16, beetles were captured with traps and on wild flowers (Aruncus sylvester Kostel andAngelica polyclada Franch) at three hour intervals. Over the month, the traps captured 1,677 individuals of 73 species of 20 families, which
included 16 (89%) species captured on flowers in the six-day period. Over the six days, the traps captured 327 individuals
of 21 species of 12 families, compared with 685 individuals of 18 species of 5 families on the flowers; all of the families
and nine (50%) species of beetles taken on the flowers were also captured by the traps; all of the species with more than
five individuals captured on the flowers were also trapped. This suggests that capture by traps might sufficiently cover the
beetle fauna on flowers. The number of species and individuals, as well as their changing patterns, however, varied more irregularly
during the six-day period with the traps than with those on the flowers.
A part of this paper were presented at the 46th meeting of the Kanto Branch of the Japanese Forestry Society (1994)
These English titles are tentative translation by the authors from the originals 相似文献
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采集巨桉林下马勃子实体,培养其菌丝体,提取子实体及菌丝体基因组DNA,进行rDNA-ITS区序列的扩增、克隆和序列测定,并对rDNA-ITS不同区域作序列分析,首次构建马勃的系统发育树.结果表明:野外采集获得马勃子实体l0种,其中成功培养6种,测序结果表明马勃rDNA-ITS区长度在607～766 bp之间,系统发育分析表明硬皮马勃属(Scleroderma)与豆包菌(Pisolithus)亲缘关系较近,秃马勃属(Calvatia)、马勃属(Lycoperdon)及横膜马勃属(Vascellum)之间亲缘关系较近,ITSl-5.8S rDNA-ITS2区可建立马勃类真菌属间系统发育树,ITS2区可用于建立马勃类真菌属内系统发育树,3个待定种硬皮马勃Scleroderma sp.11-1,Scleroderma sp.2-2和Scleroderma sp.5-2为金黄硬皮马勃(S.aurantium)的可能性较大.此研究可为探讨巨桉人工林下外生菌根种类与作用机制、马勃分类系统学及菌丝体的开发研究奠定基础. 相似文献
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Shelterbelts have played an important role in prairie agriculture since the late 1800s; however, little is known about how these shelterbelts may be affected by climate change. The objective of this study was to determine if shelterbelt species, which are heavily influenced by human activity, express a common radial-growth signal within and between trees. The study focused on the annual tree-ring growth of the nine most common shelterbelt species of the Canadian Prairies: Salix acutifolia (Acute willow), Caragana arborescens (caragana, or Siberian pea shrub), Picea pungens (Colorado spruce), Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash), Populus sp. (hybrid poplar), Acer negundo (Manitoba maple), Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine), Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm) and Picea glauca (white spruce). Tree core samples were collected near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan using traditional dendrochronological methods. The standardized growth of each species was compared with historical homogenized climate data in order to determine the key monthly climate variables impacting each species. Prior to this analysis, little was known about the suitability of six of these nine species for dendrochronological purposes. It was found that all species crossdate at a significant level, and that the three most significantly correlated climate factors are able to account for up to 37 % of the annual variation in tree-ring growth. The findings of this study suggest that all nine species are suitable, to varying degrees, for future dendrochronological research in the Canadian Prairies as well as having implications for shelterbelt systems elsewhere in the world. The top four species based on four ranking criteria (interseries correlation, mean sensitivity, climate explanatory power, and commonality) were white spruce, acute willow, caragana, and Manitoba maple, and initial results suggest that all species have the potential to be investigated in greater depth. 相似文献
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To promote the application of Trichoderma,many countries have collected Trichoderma resources. In the present study, nine isolates were isolated from a rhizosphere soil of Phellodendron amurense and were identified as three species: Trichoderma brevicompactum(one isolate), T.asperellum(two isolates), T. atroviride(six isolates). Dual culture experiments showed that T. asperellum T-Pa2 grew fast and produced the best inhibition rates against six tested pathogens(80.25–91.65%) via competition and ... 相似文献
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[目的]从组成群落的主要树种角度研究森林凋落物生产与物候的关系,分析群落尺度上的凋落物产量、组成、季节动态、分布及主要树种的叶凋落节律,探讨缙云山常绿阔叶林凋落物的基本特征和凋落高峰的形成原因,为其保护、恢复及管理经营提供科学参考,同时也为亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统的物质循环和功能及维持生物多样性机制等研究提供基础资料。[方法]以研究地1 hm2常绿阔叶林群落固定监测样地为平台,通过均匀交叉布设173个凋落物收集器,每月对收集到的凋落物进行分类、鉴定、称量。[结果]表明:1)2013—2014年的年凋落量为5 310.52 kg·hm-2,其中叶凋落量(3 814.01 kg·hm-2)最多,占年总凋落量的71.82%(常绿树叶90.95%,落叶树叶9.05%),枝条占12.51%,花果等繁殖器官占8.74%,树皮碎屑占1.00%,杂物占6.04%。2)1 a内,凋落物收集器内共收集到36种树木的凋落叶,占样地内树种总数(43种)的83.72%。3)不同收集器之间凋落量存在较大差异,55个收集器中的凋落量在250~300 g,4个收集器的凋落量超过400 g;单个收集器全年最多可收集到24种树种的凋落叶,收到14种凋落叶种数的收集器最多(29个)。[结论]1)全年凋落量月动态呈明显双峰型,叶凋落量月动态与凋落总量变化相同。栲(Castanopsis fargesii Franch)、润楠(Machilus pingii (Oliv.) Hemsl)、薯豆(Elaeocarpus japonicus Sieb. et Zucc)三者落叶量之和为落叶总量的55.89%,是凋落叶的主要来源。2)主要树种均具有明显的叶凋落节律,根据其节律特点可分为2类:单峰型和双峰型。根据其出现时间可分为4类:在春末夏初和秋季均出现落叶高峰的常绿树;仅在春末夏初出现高峰的常绿树;仅在夏末秋初出现高峰的常绿树;以及在秋冬季出现高峰的落叶树。叶凋落高峰主要受物候的影响。 相似文献
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东北林区森林凋落物中的有机酸分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
落叶松(Larixolgensis)、水曲柳(Fraxinusmandshurica)、红松(Pinuskoraiensis)、白桦(Betulaplatyphylla)是东北林区主要造林树种。于2002年10月初,在东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场老爷岭和尖砬沟试验站(45?2?45?0碞,127?0?127?8碋)采集了4个树种林分的森林凋落物样品。采用气相色谱法对当年新鲜凋落物及半分解凋落物中有机酸进行了定性、定量分析。鉴定出13种有机酸,包括草酸、丙二酸、反丁烯二酸、丁二酸、顺丁烯二酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸。结果表明:对于新鲜凋落物而言,所测的7种低分子量有机酸中草酸含量最大,一般高于30mg/g;6种高级脂肪族酸中油酸或亚油酸含量最大,高于40mg/g;在半分解凋落物中,草酸含量最多,其次为亚油酸,再次为油酸;同一树种新鲜凋落物中有机酸种类和含量明显多于半分解凋落物。图5表2参10。 相似文献