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1.
Wheats with purple and blue grains: a review 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
A. C. Zeven 《Euphytica》1991,56(3):243-258
Summary In addition to white and red grains, wheats with purple and blue grains may occur. Purple grain colour is caused by anthocyanins in the pericarp whereas blue colour is caused by anthocyanins in the aleurone layer. Purple grains occur in tetraploid wheats from Ethiopia, and in one bread wheat accession apparently native to China.Although the use of the purple and blue grain characters as markers has been suggested, their expression is often erratic, especially when heterozygous.No hexaploid wheat with blue grains was described prior to the artificial introgression of genes from diploid wheat and Agropyron species. The number of different sources of blue aleurone gene(s) from Agropyron elongatum is unknown. It is possible that with exchange between researchers the same or related accessions have been used at several research stations. Accessions of diploid wheats are known to possess blue aleurone. The breeding history of a number of purple and blue grained accessions is described. Research should indicate the source species of the gene for blue aleurone of the blue-grained Barevna. 相似文献
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Blue aleurone trait diagnoses developmental origin of three pistils in a floret in common wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 The common ‘three‐pistil’ (TP) wheat mutation line expresses TPs in a floret normally containing TPs forming three grains set close back‐to‐back. The developmental origin of the TP trait in common wheat had been diagnosed non‐destructively using the blue aleurone trait. The aleurone colour of F2 seeds grown in F1 plants of cross TP/UC66049 was evaluated. Due to xenia, the hue of blue grain colour depended on dose of the Ba1 gene for blue aleurone in the triploid endosperm. The TP trait produced four types of segregation in three‐seed clusters: (i) white grain only, (ii) two white grains and one blue, (iii) one white grain and two blue, and (iv) three blue grains only. The observed frequency of blue–white seed within clusters followed the binominal distribution 3Cr (0.75)r·(0.25)3–r, where r is the number of colour variants in three‐seed clusters (r = 0–3). Intrafloret segregation of seed colour and F2 segregation derived from aleurone colour of F3 seeds indicated an independent origin of the TP trait. 相似文献
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Y. Palapol S. Ketsa D. Stevenson J.M. Cooney A.C. Allan I.B. Ferguson 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(3):349-353
The colour of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit changes from green to purple black after harvest as the fruit ripens, and is used as a quality guide for growers and consumers. We determined the relationship between anthocyanin composition and content during fruit colour development in relation to fruit maturity and postharvest quality. Fruit at different stages of maturity (light greenish yellow with 5% scattered pink spots to purple black) were harvested and kept at 25 °C (85–90% RH). Fruit from each maturity stage all developed to the final purple black stage. During the postharvest period, hue angle values and pericarp firmness decreased significantly, while soluble solids contents increased. Anthocyanin contents in the outer pericarp were higher than in the inner pericarp and increased to a maximum at the final colour stage. Sensory evaluation and fruit quality (hue angle values, soluble solids and titratable acidity) of fruit harvested at the different stages did not differ once the fruit had finally developed to the purple black stage. The anthocyanins in the outer pericarp mainly consisted of five compounds, identified by HPLC/MS as cyanidin-sophoroside, cyanidin-glucoside, cyanidin-glucoside-pentoside, cyanidin-glucoside-X, cyanidin-X2 and cyanidin-X, where X denotes an unidentified residue of m/z 190, a mass which does not correspond to any common sugar residue. Cyanidin-3-sophoroside and cyanidin-3-glucoside were the major compounds and the only ones that increased with fruit colour development. 相似文献
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为了研究二月兰花色苷成分组成特点,本试验以3份二月兰为试材,利用特征颜色反应确定二月兰花瓣的色素类型,并通过高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析花色苷种类及其含量。研究结果表明,3份二月兰花瓣中均不含类胡萝卜素,除白色花瓣以外,其余均含花色苷。蓝紫色花瓣的花色苷含量最高,粉色次之。在二月兰花瓣中共检测到了7种花色苷成分,通过与已有文献比对,推定其成分为矢车菊素3-芸香糖苷、锦葵素3,5-二葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3-香豆酰葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3-p-香豆酰二葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3-阿魏酰槐糖苷-5-丙二酰葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3-香豆酰槐糖苷-5-丙二酰葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3-(6′-丙二酰葡糖苷-2′-(6′′-香豆酰-2′′-羟基苯甲酰葡糖苷))-5-丙二酰葡糖苷。粉色花瓣中仅含矢车菊素的花色苷衍生物,而蓝紫色花瓣中则含矢车菊素和锦葵素的花色苷衍生物。本研究为二月兰花色苷成分的进一步分离和鉴定工作提供了参考,同时也为二月兰花色的分子育种提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Chiara Lago Elena Cassani Cecilia Zanzi Michela Landoni Riccardo Trovato Roberto Pilu 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(2):210-217
Among the phytonutrients, anthocyanins have been extensively studied because of their antioxidant power, the characteristic supposedly responsible for their capacity for chronic disease prevention. Anthocyanins can also be synthesized in maize even though in Europe the colourless varieties have always been preferred. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a new polenta variety of maize rich in anthocyanins, bred by a recurrent selection scheme, to increase the antioxidant power of this food. The recurrent selection was based on the anthocyanin content and other specific traits of the kernel. The coloured polenta obtained was analysed by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) analysis and DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability, before and after cooking. The results obtained showed that even though cooking reduced the anthocyanin content by about 22%, the remaining anthocyanins exhibited twofolds higher antioxidant capacity, expressed as ARP (antiradical power) using acetone/water extraction buffer in DPPH assay, compared to the colourless control. Furthermore, our data showed that the anthocyanin content did not alter the taste of the coloured polenta. 相似文献
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小麦籽粒含有多种B族维生素,本研究通过测定24个不同粒色的小麦品种中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6及籽粒色素含量,并研究不同颜色的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量与小麦籽粒颜色的关系及其变异规律,为B族维生素的利用及小麦品质育种提供依据。应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,采用大气压电喷雾离子源,正离子模式,多反应检测（MRM）模式精确测定小麦籽粒中维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6,分光光度法测定小麦籽粒色素含量。黑小麦76和VICTO杂交后代F8代12个姊妹系B族维生素含量变化很大,12个姊妹系间维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6的含量差异达极显著水平。冬鉴系列的10个小麦品种（系）维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6的含量差异达显著水平。相关分析表明,籽粒色素含量与B族维生素含量不存在显著正相关,籽粒颜色深小麦并不一定富含B族维生素。小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量受基因型的影响, 可以通过遗传改良的手段提高B族维生素在小麦籽粒中的含量。黑小麦76（母本）和VICTO（父本）杂交产生的F8代12个姊妹系的小麦籽粒中B族维生素含量存在着明显的超高亲杂种优势,因此,可通过有性杂交,培育高B族维生素含量的小麦品种。 相似文献
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小麦籽粒颜色与抗氧化作用 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
以抗活性氧活力单位、抗超氧阴离子活力单位和总抗氧化活力单位为指标，研究了白、红、紫、深紫、紫黑、蓝等不同颜色小麦籽粒的抗氧化能力，并分析了其与色素、黄酮等抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化酶活性之间的关系。结果表明，小麦籽粒颜色与其抗氧化活性之间存在着非常密切的关系，蓝、紫黑、深紫、紫等黑粒小麦籽粒的抗氧化能力高于白粒和红粒小麦。黑粒小麦的总黄酮、氨基酸、Vc、类胡萝卜素等抗氧化物质含量和SOD等抗氧化酶活性高于普通白粒和红粒小麦；并且籽粒色素含量、总黄酮含量、总氨基酸含量以及SOD活性与3个抗氧化能力指标显著或极显著正相关，Vc和类胡萝卜素含量与3个抗氧化指标之一或之二显著或极显著正相关，说明色素、黄酮、SOD、Vc和氨基酸等是蓝、紫黑、深紫、紫等黑粒小麦的抗氧化能力强于白粒和红粒小麦的主要物质基础。 相似文献
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Zhi-Juan Ji Xiao-Guang Wang Yu-Xiang Zeng Liang-Yong Ma Xi-Ming Li Bing-Xin Liu Chang-Deng Yang 《Breeding Science》2012,62(1):71-77
Five physiological and eleven yield traits of two pairs of sister lines generated from a high generation with similar genetic background (SLs) for purple pericarp were investigated to explore the reasons behind low-yield production of colored rice. Of the five physiological traits examined, except grain anthocyanin content, there were generally similar trends between the P (purple-pericarp) lines and the corresponding W (white-pericarp) lines over two seasons (in the year 2009 and 2010 separately). The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll content of flag leaves, the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and the grain anthocyanin content could be easily influenced by the environment. The physiological functions of the traits for the P lines were more active than those of the corresponding W lines in the year 2010. The grain anthocyanin content of the P lines was much greater in the year 2010 than in the year 2009 during the growth period. The investigation of yield traits revealed that the P lines had reduced 1000-grain weight, yield per plot and grain/brown rice thickness compared to the W lines. A difference comparison of these traits and a source-sink and transportation relationship analysis for these SLs suggested that small sink size was a key reason behind yield reduction of purple pericarp rice. 相似文献
11.
七个紫甘薯品种块根花色苷含量的比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用紫外-可见分光光谱法,对引自日本和徐州并在云南昆明种植的7个紫甘薯品种进行分析,研究了不同甘薯品种块根中花色苷含量及其在同一块根中的分布和花色苷产量。结果表明:不同品种花色苷含量和产量差异显著,花色苷含量以徐13-4含量最高,为107.22mg/100gFW;花色苷产量以种子岛紫最高,达13036.5g/hm2,其次是徐13-4,为11663.7g/hm2;花色苷在块根中的分布不均匀,含量表现为块根表皮>中心组织>薯肉。徐13-4可作为选育花色苷专用品种的亲本,种子岛紫可作为企业生产花色苷原料的品种加以利用。 相似文献
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针对20世纪80年代中期川、渝麦区育种方向及审定品种与生产实践需要之间的矛盾,从生产发展、市场经济和人民需要出发,分析了当时审定小麦品种较多而推广应用较少的现象,总结了小穗小粒红皮种推广速度慢,农民不愿种植,大穗大粒白皮种推广速度快的原因。提出了“选育商品型高产优质抗病大穗大粒耐穗发芽白皮小麦新品种”的育种新方向。经过二十几年的努力,培育出了‘绵阳25’、‘绵阳26’、‘绵阳27’、‘绵阳28’、‘绵阳31号’、‘西科麦1号’、‘西科麦6号’等白皮小麦新品种,这些品种成为了四川省小麦第6次大更换的当家品种。为四川省和中国的小麦育种、小麦生产及国家的粮食安全作出了巨大贡献。通过以上品种的推广种植,表明白皮小麦品种在产量、品质、抗病性等方面不亚于红皮小麦品种,而在商品价值、推广速度方面明显优于红皮种。由此认为,突破传统红皮小麦品种容易选育审定的束缚,将市场经济、人们需求、社会发展紧密结合,选育商品型高产、优质、抗病、大穗大粒耐穗发芽小麦新品种将是西南麦区小麦育种的新方向。 相似文献
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Selection of soybean mutant lines with altered seed coat colour and their antioxidant activity 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Kyung Jun Lee Jin‐Baek Kim Hong‐Il Choi Bo‐Keun Ha Si‐Yong Kang Dong Sub Kim 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(5):573-579
In this study, the flavonoid and isoflavone contents in four checks with seed coat colour altered from yellow to black were determined, and their antioxidant activity was measured. Three anthocyanins (delphinidin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, D3G; cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, C3G; and petunidin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside, Pt3G) were detected in the four checks, while their controls (cvs. ‘Danbaek’ and ‘Daepung’) were not found. Among them, D‐16 derived from cv. ‘Danbaek’ showed the highest anthocyanin contents. The isoflavone contents of all checks showed lower levels compared to their controls. Among six isoflavones, glycitein was only detected in DP‐39. To analyse the radical scavenging activities among the four checks, we conducted DPPH, FRAP and UWLA assays. Significant differences in antioxidant activities were obtainable in the four checks, which contained significant differences in levels of anthocyanins and isoflavones. Based on these results, gamma irradiation may change the isoflavone and anthocyanin contents of soybean. Our four checks selected in this study may be useful for breeding soybean varieties to alter their nutritional values. 相似文献
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为了研究蓝粒小黑麦糊粉层中控制花青素合成的关键基因BcMYC1。本研究使用PCR方法克隆小黑麦中MYC转录因子BcMYC1。结果表明,小黑麦BcMYC1基因全长1683 bp,编码的氨基酸560个,分子量61870 Da,等电点4.71,有两个属于bHLH超级因家族的保守区,该蛋白具有亲水性,二级结构以α-螺旋(39.64%)和不规则盘绕(43.93%)为主要的部分,BcMYC1蛋白质不通过跨膜区,在膜外进行作用。蛋白系统进化分析表明,小黑麦的BcMYC1基因与小麦、矮牵牛、水稻等物种MYC调节基因的亲缘关系很高。本研究关于小黑麦中调控花青素合成代谢BcMYC1基因分子遗传机理,为小黑麦的花青素的研究提供参考作用。 相似文献
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Summary The anthocyanins in outer perianths of seven varieties and one telotrisomic line of Japanese garden iris, Iris ensata Thunb., were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography procedures. Two new anthocyanins, peonidin 3RGac5G and cyanidin 3RGac5G were putatively detected in this species, and peonidin 3RGac5G was the major anthocyanin for all the varieties except Telotri-1 and cyanidin 3RGac5G the major anthocyanin for Telotri-1. Moreover, cyanidin 3RGac5G and peonidin 3RGac5G are useful anthocyanins for the breeding of red and magenta flowers. Finally, the breeding strategy for new flower varieties using cyanidin 3RGac5G and peonidin 3RGac5G was discussed.Contribution from the Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan, No. 84. 相似文献
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为了寻求快速、经济地测定自然界中紫黑色作物总花色苷含量的方法,利用酸性乙醇对黑元麦、茄子、葡萄3种不同作物进行花色苷提取,并采用pH示差法和差减法2种不同的实验室方法对3种样品总花色苷含量进行留样分析再测定。结果表明,黑元麦、葡萄采用pH示差法和差减法这2种测定方法的结果精确度和准确性没有显著性差异,且样品进行留样再检测时发现,2种样品测定结果之差的绝对值均小于测定结果质量不确定度,可以说明黑元麦、葡萄花色苷实验室定量检测pH示差法和差减法均适用。茄子采用pH示差法测定值相对标准偏差为2.20%,精确度明显好于差减法;从质控图看,茄子检出值出现1次连续4个点上升的情况,说明茄子皮利用差减法测定结果准确性差;从留样再检测结果可以看出,利用差减法测定2次结果之差的绝对值为0.023 mg/g,小于测定结果质量不确定度0.011 mg/g,说明茄子花色苷pH示差法检测结果可信赖,差减法检测存在问题。 相似文献
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‘赤霞珠’和‘梅露辄’不同营养系果实不同部位酚类物质含量的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为有效发挥酿酒优良品种‘赤霞珠’和‘梅露辄’不同营养系的优点,为选育果实中酚类物质含量较高的营养系提供依据,分别以‘赤霞珠’和‘梅露辄’葡萄品种的4个营养系成熟果实为材料,取样测定其单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量,示差比色法测定果皮中的总花色苷含量,比色法测定果皮、果肉和种子中的总酚、单宁、总类黄酮和原花色素含量。结果表明,‘赤霞珠’和‘梅露辄’各营养系浆果单粒重无显著差异;‘赤霞珠’4个营养系中,‘赤霞珠170’和‘赤霞珠338’的可溶性固形物含量分别为最高和最低,‘赤霞珠338’和‘赤霞珠685’的可滴定酸含量分别为最高和最低;‘梅露辄’4个营养系中,可滴定酸含量最低的是‘梅露辄181’,最高的是‘梅露辄346’。各营养系果粒果皮、果肉和种子中各酚类含量具有明显差异;‘赤霞珠338’果皮总酚、单宁、总类黄酮和原花色素含量均最高,而种子中各含量均最高的是‘赤霞珠169’;‘梅露辄’4个营养系中,‘梅鹿辄348’果皮总酚、单宁和花色苷含量最高,而种子中含量最高的是‘梅露辄181’。‘赤霞珠’和‘梅鹿辄’果实品质存在品种差异,各营养系间也存在差异,酚类物质含量以果皮中较高,果肉中最低。‘赤霞珠338’果皮和‘赤霞珠169’种子中总酚、单宁、总类黄酮和原花色素含量均最高,而‘梅鹿辄348’果皮中总酚、单宁和花色苷含量最高,‘梅鹿辄181’种子中总酚和单宁含量最高。 相似文献
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紫玉米不同组配方式的花青素含量及产量比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以18个玉米自交系组配成的16个紫玉米杂交组合为试验材料,研究不同组配方式配制的紫玉米籽粒、穗轴、苞叶、雄穗花青素含量及花青素产量。结果表明:(1)不同组配方式的紫玉米籽粒花青素含量、籽粒产量及籽粒花青素产量差异均较大。深紫玉米×深紫玉米,花青素含量最高;深紫非糯玉米×糯玉米,籽粒产量最高;深紫玉米×深紫玉米,籽粒花青素产量最高。(2)深紫玉米×深紫玉米,穗轴花青素含量、花青素产量最高;非紫苞叶×深紫苞叶,紫玉米苞叶花青素含量、花青素产量最高;非紫雄穗×深紫雄穗,紫玉米雄穗花青素含量、花青素产量最高。(3)穗轴花青素含量与籽粒花青素含量呈极显著正相关;雄穗花青素含量与苞叶花青素含量呈极显著正相关。(4)紫玉米花青素总产量(籽粒、穗轴、苞叶、雄穗)为:深紫×深紫>深紫×浅紫>非紫×深紫>浅紫×非紫;籽粒花青素产量对总花青素产量贡献最大。 相似文献
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Foliage‐applied sodium nitroprusside and hydrogen peroxide improves resistance against terminal drought in bread wheat 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Farooq A. Nawaz M. A. M. Chaudhary A. Rehman 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(6):473-482
Terminal drought is threatening the wheat productivity worldwide, which is consumed as a staple food by millions across the globe. This study was conducted to examine the influence of foliage‐applied stress signalling molecules hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 50, 100, 150 μm ) and nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 50, 100, 150 μm ) on resistance against terminal drought in two bread wheat cultivars Mairaj‐2008 and BARS‐2009. These stress signalling molecules were applied at anthesis stage (BBCH 61); drought was then imposed by maintaining pots at 35% water holding capacity. Terminal drought caused significant reduction in grain yield of both tested bread wheat cultivars; however, foliage application of both stress signalling molecules at either concentration improved the performance of both bread wheat cultivars. Maximum improvement in 100‐grain weight (12.2%), grains per spike (19.7%), water‐use efficiency (WUE; 19.8%), chlorophyll content index (10.7%), total soluble phenolics (21.6%) and free leaf proline (34.3%), and highest reduction in leaf malondialdehyde contents (20.4%) was recorded when H2O2 was foliage‐applied at 100 μm . Foliage application of SNP enhanced the grains per spike, 100‐grain weight and grain yield by 14.9%, 11.3% and 20.1%, respectively, than control. The foliage‐applied stress signalling molecules improved the accumulation of soluble phenolics, proline and glycine betaine with simultaneous reduction in malondialdehyde contents, which enabled wheat plants to sustain the biological membranes under stress resulting in better stay green (high chlorophyll contents) under drought. This helped improving the grain number, grain weight, grain yield, WUE and transpiration efficiency. In crux, foliage‐applied H2O2 and SNP, at pre‐optimized rate, may be opted to lessen the drought‐induced yield losses in bread wheat in climate change conditions. 相似文献