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1.

Background

Increasing salt intake to promote diuresis has been suggested in the management of feline lower urinary tract disease. However, high dietary salt intake might adversely affect blood pressure and renal function.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess the long‐term effects of increased salt intake on renal function in healthy aged cats.

Methods

This study was controlled, randomized, and blinded. Twenty healthy neutered cats (10.1 ± 2.4 years) were randomly allocated into 2 matched groups. One group was fed a high salt diet (3.1 g/Mcal sodium, 5.5 g/Mcal chloride) and the other a control diet of same composition except for salt content (1.0 g/Mcal sodium, 2.2 g/Mcal chloride). Clinical examination, glomerular filtration rate, blood pressure measurement, cardiac and kidney ultrasonography, and urinary and blood tests were performed before and over 24 months after diet implementation. Statistics were performed using a general linear model.

Results

Sixteen cats completed the 2 year study. The only variables affected by dietary salt intake were plasma aldosterone and urinary sodium/creatinine ratio, respectively, higher and lower in the control group all over the study period and urinary specific gravity, lower in the high salt diet group at 3 months.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood pressure, and other routine clinical pathological variables in healthy aged cats were not affected by dietary salt content. The results of this 2 year study do not support the suggestion that chronic increases in dietary salt intake are harmful to renal function in older cats.  相似文献   

2.
Objective-To compare the use of a single-sample method involving IV administration of iodixanol with a multisample method involving inulin for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats. Animals-24 cats, including 15 healthy cats and 9 cats with naturally occurring renal diseases. Procedures-Each cat was coadministered iodixanol (a nonionic contrast medium; dose providing 40 mg of I/kg) and inulin (50 mg/kg), IV, and blood samples were collected 60, 90, and 120 minutes later. Serum iodixanol and inulin concentrations were determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography and colorimetry, respectively. Serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations were also measured. Results-Analysis of the data from healthy cats and cats with naturally occurring renal diseases revealed an excellent correlation between GFR values estimated by the multisample and single-sample methods with iodixanol. Likewise, GFR values estimated from the single-sample method with iodixanol were closely correlated with those calculated from the multisample method with inulin. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-For estimation of GFR in cats, use of a single-sample method with iodixanol, instead of a multisample procedure, may be an expedient tool in both clinical and research settings because of its benefits to patient well-being as a result of reduced stress associated with blood sample collection.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined in 53 cats using an inulin single-injection method. Thirty healthy young adult cats were used to establish normal values. The procedure was also used in 23 cats that were either older than 10 years or had borderline serum creatinine levels. The total clearance was calculated from the decay of the serum inulin concentration after injection of 3000 mg/m(2)body surface area using a two-compartment model. Concomitant inulin and iohexol clearance in nine cats showed excellent correlation between the two methods. Calculated normal values for GFR in 30 healthy cats were 35.9-58.5 (median 46.0) ml/min/m(2)or 2.07-3.69 (median 2.72) ml/min/kg. A few cats with normal creatinine or blood urea nitrogen levels were detected as having reduced GFR and therefore being in a state of early renal dysfunction. The study indicates that single-injection inulin clearance is a valuable tool for routine GFR measurement in cats. An "inulin excretion test" using only one blood sample 3h after the administration of 3000 mg/m(2)body surface area could prove an attractive alternative for the assessment of renal function in daily practice.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate accuracy of measuring plasma clearance of inulin as an alternative renal function test for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in cats. ANIMALS: 10 cats, first studied with intact kidneys and subsequently studied following partial nephrectomy. PROCEDURE: Clearance studies were performed in 10 clinically normal cats; those same cats then underwent partial nephrectomy, and clearance studies were performed again. Plasma concentration of inulin was determined after administration at 50 mg/kg of body weight to cats while renally intact and 45 mg/kg after the partial nephrectomy. Plasma clearance of inulin (PCin) was determined by dividing the dose by the area under the plasma inulin concentration versus time curve. Results for PCin were compared with values obtained simultaneously for urinary clearance of exogenously administered creatinine (Ccr), a widely accepted method for measurement of GFR in cats with intact kidneys and cats with reduced renal mass. RESULTS: Results of PCin were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.912, P < 0.001) with Ccr. Repeatability of determination of PCin was similar to that of Ccr. Sensitivity and specificity of PCin were superior and equivalent to that of Ccr, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Determination of PCin provides a reliable estimate of GFR in cats and is a promising alternative to determining Ccr in cats.  相似文献   

6.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an important parameter of renal function, is difficult to assess clinically. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen measurements lack sensitivity, whereas radionuclide determination of GFR is not always available and requires postinjection patient isolation. GFR can be determined using computed tomography (CT), most commonly via Patlak plot analysis. Four adult cats, two adult dogs, and a foal underwent abdominal CT under general anesthesia for various diseases of the upper urinary tract. CT‐GFR was measured with a single‐slice dynamic acquisition and Patlak plot analysis. In five animals, the total CT‐GFR appeared to be below normal, corresponding with mild (two animals) and moderate (two animals) increases of serum creatinine in four. In the two animals with normal or increased CT‐GFR, serum creatinine was within the reference values. A significant negative logarithmic relationship was found between CT‐GFR and serum creatinine values (P=0.008; r2=0.75). No complications occurred during or following CT‐GFR. CT examination provided clinically relevant information in 3/5 patients with possible ureteral obstruction and in 3/3 patients with suspected ureteral calculi. Single‐slice dynamic CT‐GFR was practical and provided clinically useful information in this small series of patients undergoing CT of the upper urinary tract. There was a significant relationship between CT‐GFR and serum creatinine values, which supports the clinical potential of CT‐GFR and justifies further investigation of this technique.  相似文献   

7.

Background

Interfering antibodies in human serum and plasma are known to react with mammalian antibodies in immunoassays and cause false‐positive test results. Although this phenomenon was recently shown in companion animals, knowledge regarding immunoassay interference in veterinary medicine is very limited.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to set up a species‐independent immunoassay procedure to detect interference in serum samples, to screen for interference in a cross‐section of canine and feline patient samples from an animal hospital, and to determine if the detected interference could be neutralized using an immunoassay based on nonmammalian reagents.

Methods

A 2‐site sandwich‐type interference assay was set up using commercially available mouse reagents. A total of 369 serum samples from 320 dogs and 263 samples from 218 cats were analyzed using the interference assay. Multiple samples were submitted from 36 dogs and 39 cats. Nineteen samples identified as interference‐positive were analyzed in an assay using chicken antibodies.

Results

Interference was detected in samples from 28 dogs (9%) and 10 cats (5%) screened with the interference assay. Except for 1 cat, consistent results were obtained for all 75 dogs and cats that submitted more than 1 sample. The interference was eliminated when analyzed in the chicken‐based assay (P < .001).

Conclusions

Substances with reactivity toward mouse IgG can be detected in serum samples from dog and cat patients using a 2‐site interference assay. The detected substances are most likely interfering antibodies, possibly originating from immunization with other mammalian species.  相似文献   

8.

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive and irreversible disease in cats. The efficacy and safety of beraprost sodium (BPS) in cats with CKD have not been evaluated.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BPS in the treatment of cats with CKD, as compared to placebo.

Animals

Seventy‐four client‐owned cats with naturally occurring CKD.

Methods

Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. The cats received BPS (55 μg/cat) or a placebo PO q12 h for 180 days. The primary endpoint was prospectively defined as a change in the serum creatinine (sCr), serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio or urine specific gravity (USG).

Results

The sCr increased significantly (P = 0.0030) in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 2.8 ± 0.7 to 3.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (2.4 ± 0.7 to 2.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL). The difference between the groups at day 180 was significant (0.8 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.3 mg/dL, P = 0.0071). The serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio was significantly (P = 0.0037) increased in the placebo group (0.46 ± 0.10 to 0.52 ± 0.21 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (0.50 ± 0.08 to 0.51 ± 0.11 mg/dL). There was no significant change in the USG in either group. An adverse event judged as being treatment‐related included vomiting that occurred in 1 case in the placebo group. No clinically relevant change was observed in the CBC and other blood chemistry tests.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Beraprost sodium treatment was well tolerated and safe in cats with CKD. BPS inhibited the reduction in renal filtration function as measured by sCr increase.  相似文献   

9.
The nuclear imaging technique known as quantitative renal scintigraphy was validated as a means to assess the kidney function of cats. Renal function tests were performed in 6 healthy cats and 3 cats with clinical manifestations of kidney failure. In addition, the nephrotoxic drugs, gentamicin sulfate, or amphotericin B were used in an attempt to induce renal failure in 4 cats. Using linear regression analysis, equations were derived to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on the basis of the renal percent uptake of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA). One-way ANOVA and Student's t test were used to evaluate treatment effects on clearances of inulin and creatinine, percent uptake of 99mTc-DTPA, and serum creatinine concentrations. The results show that the percent uptake of 99mTc-DTPA by the kidneys correlated well with the GFR obtained through the clearance of inulin. Thus, it was concluded that quantitative renal scintigraphy, using 99mTc-DTPA as a marker of kidney function, is an adequate technique to estimate the kidney function of healthy cats and cats with functional renal impairment. The best estimate of the GFR of cats, using the percentage dose of 99mTc-DTPA, was obtained on the 1- to 3-minute postinjection interval of the marker, using data that was background-subtracted, but not corrected for tissue absorption of gamma rays or binding of 99mTc-DTPA to plasma proteins. There was no significant difference in the mean inulin clearance, creatinine clearance, or percent uptake of 99mTc-DTPA between the 3 treatment groups of this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

10.
To testify the relevance of Jacobsson's equation for estimating bovine glomerular filtration rate (GFR), we prepared an integrated formula based on its equation using clinically healthy dairy (n = 99) and beef (n = 63) cows, and cows with reduced renal function (n = 15). The isotonic, nonionic, contrast medium iodixanol was utilized as a test tracer. The GFR values estimated from the integrated formula were well consistent with those from the standard multisample method in each cow strain, and the Holstein equation prepared by a single blood sample in Holstein dairy cows. The basal reference GFR value in healthy dairy cows was significantly higher than that in healthy beef cows, presumably due to a breed difference or physiological state difference. It is concluded that the validity for the application of Jacobsson's equation to estimate bovine GFR is proven and it can be used in bovine practices.  相似文献   

11.
Mirtazapine is classified as a weight gain drug in cats, and the purpose of this study was to evaluate its efficacy in cats experiencing unintended weight loss. This was a multi‐center, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical study in client‐owned cats ≥1 year of age, weighing ≥2 kg, with a documented loss (≥5%) in body weight. Cats were treated once daily with either 2 mg/cat mirtazapine transdermal ointment (n = 83) or placebo (n = 94) (Per Protocol population) applied to the inner surface of the pinna for 14 ± 3 days. Physical examination, body weight, complete blood count, serum chemistry, and urinalysis were performed prior to treatment and on Day 14. Changes in body weight between the mirtazapine and placebo groups were evaluated from Day 1 to Day 14 and compared using a two‐sample t test. The mean percent change in body weight was +3.9% (standard deviation ±5.4%) in the mirtazapine group and +0.4% (±3.3%) in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). The most common adverse event was mild erythema at the application site in 17.4% of placebo and 10.4% of mirtazapine‐treated cats. Application of mirtazapine transdermal ointment was well tolerated both topically and systemically and resulted in significant weight gain in cats experiencing unintended weight loss associated with various underlying diseases.  相似文献   

12.

Background

Chiari‐like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) cause a pain syndrome in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). Clinical signs are not consistently apparent on neurologic examination, and owner reporting of signs provides vital clinical history. However, owner questionnaires for this disease are not well developed.

Objectives

To develop a tool to capture owner‐reported clinical signs for use in clinical trials and to compare owner‐reported signs with the presence of pain on neurologic examination and SM on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Animals

Fifty client‐owned CKCS.

Methods

Owners completed a questionnaire and pain/scratch map. Each dog underwent a neurologic examination and craniocervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Questionnaire responses were developed into scores, area of shading for pain/scratch maps was measured, and consistency of responses between these tools was assessed. Owner‐reported findings were compared with neurologic examination findings and presence and severity of SM on MRI.

Results

Thirty‐three dogs were symptomatic and 17 asymptomatic; 30 had SM. The most common sign of pain was crying out when lifted (n = 11). Extent of shaded areas on maps positively correlated with questionnaire scores for pain (r2 = 0.213, P = 0.006) and scratch (r2 = 0.104, P = 0.089). Owner‐reported findings were not significantly associated with presence or severity of SM or neurologic examination findings. Owner‐reported lateralization of signs was significantly associated with SM lateralization (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The questionnaire and maps may be useful for clinical trials. Lack of association of owner‐reported signs with SM highlights our lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of pain in this disease.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVES: To determine effects of commonly used diuretic treatments on glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal blood flow (RBF), and urine output (UO) and compare 2 methods of GFR measurement in healthy awake cats. ANIMALS: 8 healthy cats. PROCEDURE: In a randomized crossover design, cats were randomly allocated to 4 groups: control; IV administration of fluids; IV administration of fluids and mannitol; and IV administration of fluids, dopamine, and furosemide. Inulin and para-aminohippuric acid were used for determination of plasma clearance for GFR and RBF, respectively. Plasma clearance of technetium-Tc-99m-diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) was also used for GFR determination. RESULTS: Furosemide-dopamine induced the largest UO, compared with other groups. Both mannitol and fluid therapy increased RBF, compared with the control group. Mannitol, and not fluid therapy, increased RBF, compared with furosemide-dopamine. There were significant differences in GFR values calculated from 99mTc-DTPA and inulin clearances between the 2 groups. In all groups, use of 99mTc-DTPA caused underestimation of GFR, compared with use of inulin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In healthy awake cats, administration of furosemide-dopamine did not increase GFR or RBF despite increased UO. Fluid therapy and fluid therapy plus mannitol improved RBF. Determination of GFR by use of 99mTc-DTPA cannot always be substituted for inulin clearance when accurate measurement is required.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney failure is frequently seen in middle-aged and elderly cats. 51Chromium-ethylene diaminic tetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA) clearance and single blood sample (SBS) method are used in several species to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). HYPOTHESIS: The hypothesis of this study was that 51Cr-EDTA clearance could be determined using an SBS method in normal and hyperthyroid cats. ANIMALS: Forty-six cats were included in this study, with an average age of 9.5 years. Of these cats, 27 had hyperthyroidism; 19 were healthy. METHODS: After IV injection of 51Cr-EDTA (average dose: 4.25 MBq), 7 blood samples were obtained between 5 and 240 minutes. Reference clearance was calculated in mL/min and mL/min/kg body weight, using a 2-compartment model. Optimal time for clearance measurement with SBS was then determined by systematically comparing each individual plasma concentration to the reference multisample clearance. RESULTS: The average reference plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA for all cats was 14.9 mL/min (3.7 mL/min/kg). The clearance in hyperthyroid cats averaged 16.4 mL/min (4.3 mL/min/kg) and in normal cats averaged 10.3 mL/min (2.4 mL/min/kg). The optimal time for the SBS was 48 minutes after injection of tracer 51Cr-EDTA (R2= 0.9414), giving the following converting equation: clearance = (0.0066 x DV48 minutes) - 0.9277 (in mL/min). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In this study, the single sample 51Cr-EDTA clearance method was used to estimate the global GFR in cats. The method identified differences in clearance between normal and hyperthyroid cats. The optimal time for an SBS was 48 minutes.  相似文献   

16.

Background

Stress contributes to reactivation of feline herpesvirus‐1 (FHV‐1). The usage of pheromones to decrease stress in FHV‐1 experimentally inoculated kittens has not previously been investigated.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To determine whether a feline pheromone would lessen stress, resulting in decreased recurrence of FHV‐1‐associated illness in kittens.

Animals

Twelve 5‐month‐old, purpose‐bred kittens.

Methods

Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Kittens previously infected with the same dose of FHV‐1 were randomized into 2 separate but identical group rooms. After a 2‐week equilibration period, a diffuser containing either the pheromone or placebo was placed in each of the rooms, and the kittens acclimated for an additional 2 weeks. Every 2 weeks thereafter, for the 8‐week study period, housing was alternated between kennel‐ and group housing. Blinded observers applied a standardized clinical and behavioral scoring rubric daily. After each 2‐week period, serum cortisol concentrations and quantitative PCR for FHV‐1 and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) ratios were evaluated. Clinical, behavioral, and laboratory test results were compared between groups within individual and combined study periods.

Results

Sneezing occurred more frequently in the placebo group during individual (P = 0.006) and combined study periods (P = 0.001). Sleep at the end of observation periods occurred more frequently in the pheromone group during individual (P = 0.006) and combined study periods (P < 0.001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The findings suggest that the pheromone decreased stress, and the decrease in stress response may have resulted in decreased sneezing associated with FHV‐1.  相似文献   

17.

Objectives

Glutathione‐S‐transferases (GSTs) detoxify reactive xenobiotics, and defective GST gene polymorphisms increase cancer risk in humans. A low activity GST‐theta variant was previously found in research beagles. The purpose of our study was to determine the molecular basis for this phenotype and its allele frequency in pet dogs.

Methods

Banked livers from 45 dogs of various breeds were screened for low GST‐theta activity by the substrate 1,2‐dichloro‐4‐nitrobenzene (DCNB), and were genotyped for variants in a novel canine GST gene, GSTT5. Whole‐genome sequences from 266 dogs were genotyped at one discovered variant GSTT5 locus.

Results

Canine livers ranged 190‐fold in GST‐theta activities, and a GSTT5 exon coding variant 385_390delGACCAG (Asp129_Gln130del) was significantly associated with low activity (P < 0.0001) and a marked decrease in hepatic protein expression (P = 0.0026). Recombinant expression of variant GSTT5 led to a 92% decrease in Vmax for DCNB (P = 0.0095). The minor allele frequency (MAF) for 385_390delGACCAG was 0.144 in 45 dog livers, but was significantly higher in beagles (0.444) versus nonbeagles (0.007; P = 0.0004). The homozygous genotype was significantly over‐represented in Pembroke Welsh corgis (P < 0.0001) based on available whole‐genome sequence data.

Conclusions

An Asp129_Gln130del variant in canine GSTT5 is responsible for marked loss of GST‐theta enzyme activity. This variant is significantly over‐represented in purpose‐bred laboratory beagles and in Pembroke Welsh corgis. Additional work will determine the prevalence of this variant among other purebred dogs, and will establish the substrate range of this polymorphic canine enzyme with respect to common environmental carcinogens.  相似文献   

18.

Objective

To assess agreement between a point‐of‐care glucometer (POCG) and a laboratory chemistry analyzer for blood glucose measurements in goats.

Design

Prospective study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Eighteen healthy adult goats.

Investigations

Whole blood samples were obtained via jugular venipuncture prior to premedication with xylazine and butorphanol (T0), following premedication (T20), and after 1 hour of inhalant anesthesia (T60). Each sample was tested with a POCG and a laboratory analyzer (HITA). Agreement was assessed using concordance correlation coefficients and calculation of bias and 95% limits of agreement.

Measurements and Main Results

Mean blood glucose concentration at T0 was 3.9 ± 0.6 mmol/L (70 ± 10 mg/dL; POCG) and 2.9 ± 0.4 mmol/dL (53 ± 8 mg/dL; HITA). Glucose concentrations at T20 were 6.7 ± 2.4 mmol/L (121 ± 43 mg/dL) and 5.4 ± 2.1 mmol/L (97 ± 37 mg/dL) and at T60 were 5.7 ± 1.7 mmol/L (102 ± 31 mg/dL) and 4.7 ± 1.3 mmol/L (85 ± 24 mg/dL) when measured with the POCG and HITA, respectively. The POCG overestimated blood glucose compared to the HITA. The bias ± SD was 1.08 ± 0.53 mmol/L (19.4 ± 9.5 mg/dL) (95% LOA 0.04 to 2.11 mmol/L [0.7 to 38.0 mg/dL]) and the concordance correlation coefficient was 0.82. After correcting the results of the POCG using a mixed‐effects linear model, the bias was 0.0 ± 0.38 mmol/L (0.0 ± 6.8 mg/dL) (95% LOA ± 0.74 mmol/L [± 13.4 mg/dL]) and the concordance correlation coefficient was 0.98.

Conclusions

The POCG overestimated blood glucose concentrations in goats, compared to the HITA, but when the POCG concentrations were corrected, the agreement was excellent.  相似文献   

19.

Background

Treatment‐resistant complex partial seizures (CPS) with orofacial involvement recently were reported in cats in association with hippocampal pathology. The features had some similarity to those described in humans with limbic encephalitis and voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibody.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate cats with CPS and orofacial involvement for the presence of VGKC‐complex antibody.

Animals

Client‐owned cats with acute orofacial CPS and control cats were investigated.

Methods

Prospective study. Serum was collected from 14 cats in the acute stage of the disease and compared with 19 controls. VGKC‐complex antibodies were determined by routine immunoprecipitation and by binding to leucine‐rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) and contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 (CASPR2), the 2 main targets of VGKC‐complex antibodies in humans.

Results

Five of the 14 affected cats, but none of the 19 controls, had VGKC‐complex antibody concentrations above the cut‐off concentration (>100 pmol/L) based on control samples and similar to those found in humans. Antibodies in 4 cats were directed against LGI1, and none were directed against CASPR2. Follow‐up sera were available for 5 cats in remission and all antibody concentrations were within the reference range.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Our study suggests that an autoimmune limbic encephalitis exists in cats and that VGKC‐complex/LGI1 antibodies may play a role in this disorder, as they are thought to in humans.  相似文献   

20.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different growth factors on the proliferation of Bama mini‐pig spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro. The growth factors glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), GDNF family receptor alpha‐1 (GFRα1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were investigated. The SSCs were seeded on SIM mouse embryo‐derived thioguanine‐ and ouabain‐resistant (STO) feeder layers. Cultivation of the cells were subjected to a factorial design of the growth factors GDNF + bFGF, GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1, LIF + bFGF and LIF + bFGF + GFRα1. The SSCs could propagate for 25 passages in the medium adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1, 22 passages in the medium adding GDNF + bFGF, 6 passages in the medium adding LIF + bFGF, or LIF + bFGF + GFRα1. qRT‐PCR analysis showed that the highest mRNA expression levels of NANOG, POU5F, DDX4, GFRα1 and UCHL1 were detected in the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1. The SSCs from the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1 also showed UCHL1‐, DBA‐ and CDH1‐positive staining. Moreover, Stra8 and Scp3 expression, and haploid peak were detected after induction of the SSCs from the group adding GDNF + bFGF + GFRα1. In conclusion, pig SSCs could be maintained for long term in the presence of GDNF, bFGF, and GFRα1.  相似文献   

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