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1.
Pesavento PA MacLachlan NJ Dillard-Telm L Grant CK Hurley KF 《Veterinary pathology》2004,41(3):257-263
Infection with feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory and oral disease in cats. FCV infection is rarely fatal, however, virulent, systemic strains of FCV (VS-FCV) that cause alopecia, cutaneous ulcers, subcutaneous edema, and high mortality in affected cats have recently been described. Seven cats with natural VS-FCV infection all had subcutaneous edema and ulceration of the oral cavity, with variable ulceration of the pinnae, pawpads, nares, and skin. Other lesions that were present in some affected cats included bronchointerstitial pneumonia, and pancreatic, hepatic, and splenic necrosis. Viral antigen was present within endothelial and epithelial cells in affected tissues as determined by immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody to FCV. Mature intranuclear and intracytoplasmic virions in necrotic epithelial cells were identified by transmission electron microscopy. VS-FCV infection causes epithelial cell cytolysis and systemic vascular compromise in susceptible cats, leading to cutaneous ulceration, severe edema, and high mortality. 相似文献
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Schulz BS Hartmann K Unterer S Eichhorn W Majzoub M Homeier-Bachmann T Truyen U Ellenberger C Huebner J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2011,124(5-6):186-193
Over the last years, several outbreaks of virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV) infection have been described in the USA and several European countries. The paper describes two outbreaks of VS-FCV infection in cats in Germany. Data concerning clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features ofVS-FCV infection were collected from two outbreaks affecting 55 and 4 cats, respectively. Presence of feline calicivirus was confirmed by PCR followed by sequencing of the PCR-products. Clinical signs were variable, including severe upper respiratory tract infection, dyspnoea, oral and footpad ulceration, facial oedema, enteritis, pneumonia, bleeding disorder, high fever, and icterus. Both outbreaks were characterized by a high mortality rate.The present report describes the first documented outbreaks of VS-FCV infection in cats in Germany. Clinical and histopathological features are comparable to outbreaks described in the USA and Europe. However, phylogenetic analysis of the virus genome suggests that virus strains involved in these outbreaks were different from each other and from virulent strains isolated before, confirming the known genetic variability of FCV. 相似文献
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旨在了解上海地区猫杯状病毒(feline calicivirus, FCV)VP1基因与致病性,采用常规方法分离鉴定出13株FCV,经RT-PCR和测序获得分离株VP1的基因序列,与参考株VP1基因进行同源性和遗传演化分析,对2株分离株进行动物致病性试验。结果显示,13株上海地区分离株VP1基因核苷酸序列相互间相似性为74.3%～99.8%,与参考株核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列相似性也较低,符合FCV易突变的特征;进化树分析表明,上海地区FCV流行株主要来自国内北方地区,少数毒株来自国外地区;通过对宿主临床症状、VP1进化树和VS-FCV特征性氨基酸位点进行分析,筛选出7株FCV强毒株;动物致病性试结果验表明,FCV-SH202101株和FCV-SH202113株可导致感染猫发病和死亡,潜伏期为1～2 d,接种后第3天即可检测到排毒,不同年龄段猫的病程不一致,可导致幼猫5 d后死亡,成年猫病程可持续11～18 d, 2株分离株在致病性方面均符合VS-FCV特征。本研究丰富了中国FCV的分子流行病学资料,为VS-FCV毒株的筛选提供了有力的证据,也为FCV疫苗的研究提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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A matched observational study of survival in cats with enucleation due to diffuse iris melanoma 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Although a small number of cases of feline diffuse iris melanoma have been documented to metastasize, the prognosis is not known. In this matched observational study, the survival time of 34 cats with enucleation due to histologically confirmed diffuse iris melanoma was recorded. These results are compared to the survival times of 83 age-matched control cats. Affected cats had enucleation between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. One group of control cats with eye disease had enucleation for either lymphoplasmacytic uveitis (27 cases), ocular trauma (seven cases), or endophthalmitis (four cases). In these control cats, enucleations were performed between 2 and 10 years prior to this study. Forty-five additional control cats presented for vaccination between 2 and 10 years prior to the study. The extent of diffuse iris melanoma at the time of enucleation in affected cats was graded according to the extent of involvement of ocular tissues and the invasiveness of the tumor. Affected cats have a significantly decreased survival compared with control cats and cats with extensive tumors at the time of enucleation have the lowest survival rates. Cats with tumors confined to the iris survive at the same rate as controls. These results suggests that early enucleation is important to avoid premature death, presumed to be due to cancer metastasis in cats with diffuse iris melanoma. 相似文献
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L. R. Thomsett 《The Journal of small animal practice》1989,30(4):236-241
Orthodox virus infection of domestic cats in the United Kingdom was first reported in 1978. Outbreaks of a disease considered to be due to cowpox (orthopox) infection had been reported in a number of species of zoo animals in Europe between 1971 and 1977 and a serious outbreak occurred among cheetahs in a United Kingdom zoo. In this species the clinical signs were ülcerating and crusted skin lesions, in some cases complicated by respiratory signs and death. An increasing number of cases of pox infection of domestic cats has been reported in Great Britain. Affected animals have shown ulcerating and crusted skin lesions particularly of the head and limbs; systemic illness was uncommon. Immunologically compromised cats, ie, FeLV positive or those receiving corticosteroid of megestrol acetate therapy, were found to be more likely to show extensive or generalised pox lesions. The source of infection is thought to be small wild mammals, ie, voles, acting as a reservoir of virus, which are preyed upon by domestic cats. Feline orthopox virus infection is a zoonosis. Transmission of the disease from affected cats to incontact owners has been reported from Great Britain and the continent of Europe. The differential diagnosis of the condition in cats includes those skin disorders commonly treated with steroidal anti-inflammatory preparations. Definite diagnosis is important as these drugs are contraindicated in viral infections. Confirmation of diagnosis may be by virus isolation and serology. Histological examination of skin biopsy specimens is also helpful. Whether or not the causal agent of this disease should be referred to as cowpox virus or feline orthopox virus continues to be a matter of debate. 相似文献
7.
Djajadiningrat-Laanen S Galac S Kooistra H 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(9):641-650
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Primary hyperaldosteronism is probably the most common adrenocortical disorder in cats. As in humans, it is often unrecognised, which excludes a potentially large number of cats from appropriate treatment. PATIENT GROUP: Affected cats present at a median age of 13 years (range 5-20 years). A breed or sex predilection has not been documented. The excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids usually leads to hypokalaemia and/or systemic arterial hypertension. Most affected cats present with muscular weakness and/or ocular signs of arterial hypertension. DIAGNOSTICS: In any cat presenting with hypokalaemia and/or arterial hypertension, other potential causes should be excluded. The ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity (aldosterone:renin ratio) is currently the best screening test for feline primary hyperaldosteronism. Diagnostic imaging is required to differentiate between adrenocortical neoplasia and bilateral hyperplasia, and to detect any distant metastases. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: The differentiation between adrenocortical neoplasia and bilateral hyperplasia is imperative for planning optimal therapy, but the limited sensitivity of diagnostic imaging may occasionally pose a problem. For confirmed unilateral primary hyperaldosteronism, unilateral adrenalectomy is the treatment of choice, and offers an excellent prognosis, but potentially fatal intra- and postoperative haemorrhage is a reported complication and risk factors have yet to be identified. EVIDENCE BASE: Only a few case reports are available on which to base the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach to feline primary hyperaldosteronism. This article reviews the physiology of aldosterone production and the pathophysiology of primary hyperaldosteronism, and summarises the currently available literature on the feline disease. Practical suggestions are given for the diagnostic investigation of cats with suspected primary hyperaldosteronism. 相似文献
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Non-infective polyarthritis in the cat is classified into erosive (feline rheumatoid arthritis and feline periosteal proliferative polyarthritis) and non-erosive (feline systemic lupus erythematosus, feline idiopathic polyarthritis) forms. Criteria are used to identify each group. Clinically, all forms are similar. Affected cats are stiff, unwilling to move and may resent any form of handling. Joints are usually swollen and painful on manipulation. Some cases are pyrexic and inappetent. Radiography demonstrates destructive changes within joints in the erosive forms and also the periosteal new bone, characteristic of the periosteal proliferative form. Soft tissue thickening is also demonstrated. Tests for the autoantibodies rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody are important in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Treatment is with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents (prednisolone, cytotoxic drugs). Cats with the rheumatoid and periosteal proliferative types do not recover but some manage to cope with the lameness. Cats with idiopathic polyarthritis can make a complete recovery although cases associated with myeloproliferative disease have a hopeless prognosis. 相似文献
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An outbreak of S. typhimurium gastroenteritis and septicemia is described in young cats admitted to a veterinary hospital for routine medical and surgical reasons. A morbidity of 32% and a mortality of 61% was observed in the outbreak. Affected cats exhibited oral shedding of the organism and contaminated feed and water dishes may have been the vehicle of spread of infection. Possible detrimental effects of incorrect choice of antibiotic therapy are discussed. Attempts to reproduce the disease in a group of laboratory cats were unsuccessful. Antibody production was poorly correlated with infection in these cats. 相似文献
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The pathogenesis of chronic rhinitis in cats is poorly understood and consistently effective therapies are not currently available. Therefore, randomized clinical trials were conducted to evaluate a novel immunotherapy for treatment of chronic rhinitis in adult (n=12) and young cats (n=28). In addition, cytokine profiles in cats with chronic rhinitis were compared to those of healthy cats. Cats were treated with a potent stimulator of innate immunity (liposome-IL-2 DNA complexes) and the effects of treatment on clinical signs and immune function were assessed. In adult cats with chronic rhinitis, immunotherapy led to significant improvement in frequency of sneezing but not in other clinical signs when compared to the placebo group, whereas immunotherapy failed to improve clinical signs in younger cats. Analysis of cytokine expression in cats with rhinitis did not reveal evidence of a Th2 cytokine bias in cats with rhinitis. We conclude that chronic rhinitis in cats is not a Th2-biased disease and that immunotherapy may lead to clinical improvement in adult cats with the disease. 相似文献
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An epizootic of highly virulent feline calicivirus disease in a hospital setting in New England 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Schorr-Evans EM Poland A Johnson WE Pedersen NC 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2003,5(4):217-226
This article reports an outbreak of 24 cases of an unusually virulent feline calicivirus (FCV) infection in a small animal hospital. The circumstances and disease signs were very similar to those recently described in an outbreak of FCV hemorrhagic disease in Northern California (Vet. Microbiol. 73 (2000) 281). The virus entered the facility through shelter cats showing upper respiratory signs. Affected cats manifested high fever, anorexia, labored respirations, oral ulceration, facial and limb edema, icterus, and pancreatitis. The infection spread rapidly among the patients by contaminated animal caretakers and hospital equipment. One case of fomite transmission from an employee to a housecat was documented. Prior vaccination, even with multiple doses of FCV-F9-based live calicivirus vaccine, was not protective. Affected cats often required extensive supportive care for 7-10 days, and the overall mortality from death and euthanasia was 32%. The strain of FCV responsible for this outbreak was genetically and serologically distinct from the FCV strain responsible for a similar epizootic and the FCV-F9 strain contained in most vaccines. Outbreaks of this type are being reported with increasing frequency, and are often associated with the practice of treating sick shelter cats in private practices. Similar to the present epizootic, outbreaks of FCV hemorrhagic disease have been self-limiting, but require prompt application of strict quarantine, isolation, personnel sanitation, and disinfection procedures. 相似文献
13.
Serum amyloid A protein concentration measured by radial immunodiffusion in Abyssinian and non-Abyssinian cats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S P DiBartola J A Reiter J B Cornacoff G J Kociba M D Benson 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(8):1414-1417
Serum amyloid A (SAA) protein concentration was determined by use of radial immunodiffusion (RID) in 4 groups of cats: Abyssinian cats with amyloidosis, healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis, hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats, and clinically normal non-Abyssinian cats. Mean SAA concentration in Abyssinian cats with amyloidosis was significantly (P = 0.05) higher than mean SAA concentration in healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis and in hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats. Mean SAA concentration in clinically normal non-Abyssinian cats was significantly (P = 0.05) lower than mean SAA concentration in healthy Abyssinian cats without clinical evidence of amyloidosis and in hospitalized non-Abyssinian cats. Affected and healthy Abyssinian cats, however, could not reliably be distinguished on the basis of SAA concentration, because of the wide range of SAA values in these 2 groups of cats. 相似文献
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Practical relevance: Bartonellae are small, vector-transmitted Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that are well adapted to one or more mammalian reservoir hosts. Cats are the natural reservoir for Bartonella henselae, which is a (re-)emerging bacterial pathogen. It can cause cat scratch disease in humans and, in immunocompromised people, may lead to severe systemic diseases, such as bacillary angiomatosis. Cats bacteraemic with B henselae constitute the main reservoir from which humans become infected. Most cats naturally infected with B henselae show no clinical signs themselves, but other Bartonella species for which cats are accidental hosts appear to have more pathogenicity. Global importance: Several studies have reported a prevalence of previous or current Bartonella species infection in cats of up to 36%. B henselae is common in cats worldwide, and bacteraemia can be documented by blood culture in about a quarter of healthy cats. The distribution of B henselae to various parts of the world has largely occurred through humans migrating with their pet cats. The pathogen is mainly transmitted from cat to cat by fleas, and the majority of infected cats derive from areas with high flea exposure. No significant difference in B henselae prevalence has been determined between male and female cats. In studies on both naturally and experimentally infected cats, chronic bacteraemia has mainly been found in cats under the age of 2 years, while those over 2 years of age are rarely chronically bacteraemic. Evidence base: This article reviews published studies and case reports on bartonellosis to explore the clinical significance of the infection in cats and its impact on humans. The article also discusses possible treatment options for cats and means of minimising the zoonotic potential. 相似文献
16.
Karen R. Muñana Patricia J. Luttgen Mary Anna Thrall Thomas W. Mitchell David A. Wenger 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(2):117-121
Seven Domestic shorthair cats with a lysosomal storage disorder analogous to human Niemann-Pick disease type C, from a breeding colony were studied to characterize the neurological manifestations of this disorder. Affected cats were identified by means of liver biopsies at 4 to 6 weeks of age. Neurological examinations were performed at 2 week intervals from the onset of clinical signs. All cats displayed signs referrable to the cerebellum, with a subtle intention tremor noticed initially at 8 to 12 weeks of age; the disease was rapidly progressive. The tremor became more pronounced, menace response was lost, and severe dysmetria and ataxia developed. Three cats also had signs referrable to other areas of the central nervous system. Cats died or were euthanized between 12 and 43 weeks of age. Pathological findings included accumulation of substrate within neurons throughout the central nervous system, and axonal spheroid formation. The clinical and pathological findings in these cats are comparable to those in the human form of the disease. 相似文献
17.
Levy JK Liang Y Ritchey JW Davidson MG Tompkins WA Tompkins MB 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,98(1-2):101-111
Increased susceptibility to intracellular pathogens in HIV-infected individuals and FIV-infected cats is attributed to a defective T-helper 1 (Th1) immune response. However, little is known about specific cytokine responses to secondary pathogens. To address this question, control and FIV-infected cats were challenged with Toxoplasma gondii, and lymph node cells analyzed for cytokine mRNA expression. Twenty-four weeks post-FIV infection, prior to T. gondii challenge, IL2 and IL12 mRNAs were depressed, whereas IL10 and IFNgamma mRNAs were increased in CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. Following T. gondii challenge, control cats showed increased expression of IL2, IFNgamma, IL10, IL12, and IL6 mRNAs. In contrast, IL2, IL6, IFNgamma, and IL12 mRNAs were suppressed in FIV-T. gondii co-infected cats, whereas IL10 remained at the high prechallenge levels. IFNgamma and IL10 mRNAs were produced by both CD4+ and CD8+ cells in FIV-T. gondii cats. Elevated IL10 may suppress a Th1 cytokine response to T. gondii challenge. 相似文献
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Primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (hyperchylomicronaemia) with a slight increase in very low density lipoprotein) is described in 20 cats. Fasting hyperlipaemia, lipaemia retinalis and peripheral neuropathies were the most frequently detected clinical signs. The disease is thought to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait but the exact mode of inheritance has not been determined. Affected cats showed reduced lipoprotein lipase activity measured after heparin activation compared with the response in normal cats. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were increased in all the cats with the major proportion of triglyceride and cholesterol being present in chylomicrons. The peripheral nerve lesions were caused by compression of nerves by lipid granulomata. It is probable that the lipid granulomata result from trauma because the nerves most often affected were at sites like the spinal foraminae where they were susceptible to trauma. 相似文献
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Feline hemotropic mycoplasmosis (feline hemobartonellosis). 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Jane E Sykes 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2003,33(4):773-789
Hemotropic mycoplasmas represent an important cause of anemia in cats worldwide. Previously known as Haemobartonella species, sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes of these organisms has led to their reclassification as mycoplasmas. Two species have been identified in cats, M haemofelis and "Candidatus M haemominutum." The latter organism alone has not been associated with disease in naturally infected cats but may cause anemia in FeLV-infected cats and accelerate development of FeLV-induced myeloproliferative disease. The mode of transmission of these organisms remains enigmatic. Nevertheless, development of sensitive DNA-based tests for these unculturable organisms has improved the understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of FHM. Cats with clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities consistent with FHM should be treated with doxycycline; enrofloxacin may represent an effective alternative. Transfusion with packed red blood cells after cross-matching may be required for severely anemia cats, and addition of prednisone may be required if the diagnosis of FHM is uncertain, or response to antimicrobials alone is insufficient. Affected cats should be tested for FeLV, the most common concurrent infection in cats with FHM. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive allergen reactions in cats with small-airway disease (i.e. 'feline asthma', 'feline allergic bronchitis', 'feline bronchial disease'). Intradermal skin tests (IDT) and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests were performed in 10 cats with idiopathic small-airway disease and in 10 normal cats without a history of respiratory disease. None of the cats had a history of skin disease or clinical signs of skin disease at the time of testing. Significantly more individual positive allergen reactions were found on serum IgE tests than on IDT in both groups of cats. Affected cats had significantly more individual positive allergen reactions on both tests than unaffected cats. Both IDT and serum IgE tests resulted in more individual positive allergen reactions to weeds, trees, grasses, and/or moulds in affected cats than in normal cats. Significantly more positive allergen reactions to house dust mites were found in affected compared to non-affected cats by IDT but not by serum IgE testing. One unexpected obstacle to inclusion of more affected cats in the study was the concurrent presence or history of suspect or known allergic skin disease. Concurrent allergic skin disease has not been reported in association with small-airway disease in cats. The increased prevalence of individual positive allergen reactions in affected cats may be due to increased immunological reactivity in these cats. Further studies are needed to answer this question and to determine what role, if any, aeroallergens have in the pathogenesis of this complex feline disease. 相似文献