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1.
The objectives of this study were to investigate physiological and psychological responses to the rustling sound of Korean
traditional silk fabrics and to figure out objective measurements such as sound parameters and mechanical properties determining
the human responses. Five different traditional silk fabrics were selected by cluster analysis and their sound characteristics
were observed in terms of FFT spectra and some calculated sound parameters including level pressure of total sound (LPT),
Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters — loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z), and sound color
factors such as ΔL and Δf. As physiological signals, the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) from the power spectrum
of heart rate variability, pulse volume (PV), heart rate (HR), and skin conductance level (SCL) evoked by the fabric sounds
were measured from thirty participants. Also, seven aspects of psychological state including softness, loudness, sharpness,
roughness, clearness, highness, and pleasantness were evaluated when each sound was presented. The traditional silk fabric
sounds were likely to be felt as soft and pleasant rather than clear and high, which seemed to evoke less change of both LF/HF
and SCL indicating a negative sensation than other fabrics previously reported. As fluctuation strength(Z) were higher and
bending rigidity (B) values lower, the fabrics tended to be perceived as sounding softer, which resulted in increase of PV
changes. The higher LPT was concerned with higher rating for subjective loudness so that HR was more increased. Also, compression
linearity (LC) affected subjective pleasantness positively, which caused less changes of HR. Therefore, we concluded that
such objective measurements as LPT, fluctuation strength(Z), bending rigidity (B), and compression linearity (LC) were significant
factors affecting physiological and psychological responses to the sounds of Korean traditional silk fabrics. 相似文献
2.
A short audible distance for the rustling sound of combat uniform fabric helps to reduce soldiers’ exposure to the enemy forces. The objectives of this study were to evaluate mechanical properties and sound characteristics of combat uniform fabrics, to investigate their influence on audible distance at which fabric’s rustling sound can be reached to human ear, and to establish prediction models for audible distance using mechanical and psychoacoustic parameters. Six types of combat uniform fabrics were used as test specimen. Mechanical properties of the specimens were measured according to the KES-FB system and the acoustic characteristics of the fabrics were analyzed by the Sound Quality System. Audible distances of the fabric sounds were assessed by 30 male soldiers. The audible distances were determined by the distance of which the participants walked away from a starting point in a straight line until they could not hear the sound. Water repellent finished fabric (W-WR), which showed the highest values of bending rigidity, shear stiffness, sound pressure level, loudness(Z) and sharpness(Z) among all fabrics, had the longist audible distance. Fabric for summer season (W-S) had the shortest audible distance in all frictional speed levels, which indicates the best auditory camouflage performance. Coefficient of friction was chosen as the variable affecting loudness(Z) of fabric sounds. Loudness(Z) was finally chosen as the prediction parameter for the audible distance by path analysis. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this study is to offer acoustical database of warp knitted fabrics by investigating frictional sound properties
and physiological responses according to structural parameters such as construction, lap form, and direction of mutual guide
bar movement. Fabric sounds of seven warp knitted fabrics are recorded, and Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters — loudness(Z),
sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z) — are calculated. Also, physiological responses evoked by frictional
sounds of warp knitted fabrics are measured such as electroencephalogram (EEG), the ratio of high frequency to low frequency
(HF/LF), respiration rate (RESP), skin conductance level (SCL), and photoplethysmograph (PPG). In case of constructions, frictional
sound of sharkskin having higher loudness(Z) and fluctuation strength(Z) increases RESP. By lap form, open lap has louder
and larger fluctuating sound than closed lap, but there aren’t significant difference of physiological responses between open
lap and closed lap. In direction of mutual guide bar movement, parallel direction evokes bigger changes of beta wave than
counter direction because of its loud, rough, and fluctuating sound. Fluctuation strength(Z) and roughness(Z) are defined
as important factors for predicting physiological responses in construction and mutual guide bar movement, respectively. 相似文献
4.
This paper proposes a new model capable of predicting frictional sounds of woven fabrics, knitted fabrics and vapor permeable
water repellent fabrics by measuring the relationships between their sound parameters and mechanical properties. We conducted
an experiment in which fabric frictional sounds were recorded and analyzed. A total of 217 specimens consisting of woven fabrics,
knitted fabrics, and vapor permeable water repellent fabrics were sampled, and their frictional sounds recorded using a Sound
Quality System. Sound parameters of fabrics including SPL (Sound Pressure Level), Loudness (Z), Sharpness (Z), and mechanical
properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) were obtained. The relation between sound parameters and mechanical properties
were analyzed by multiple regressions. Specimens were divided into 3 clusters using mechanical properties selected by stepwise
selection method, and the mechanical properties of each cluster were investigated. Specimens were classified into clusters
having high level of SPL and Loudness (Z), high level of Sharpness (Z), and middle level of Loudness (Z) and Sharpness (Z),
which means that sound parameters are well verified by mechanical properties of the specimens. Mechanical properties relevant
to each sound parameter were mapped on two dimensional spaces by integrated graphical presentation. SPL showed high positive
correlation coefficients with MMD and LT. Loudness (Z) was well predicted by 2HG5 and Sharpness (Z) by MIU. 相似文献
5.
Yoonjung Yang Chunjeong Kim Jangwoon Park Heecheon You Gilsoo Cho 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(4):557-561
This study aims to determine fabric frictional speeds between the arm and the trunk when people walk (1.3 m/s), jog (2.5 m/s)
and run (4.5 m/s), and to apply the measured speeds to setting a sound generator for each motion to obtain fabric rustling
sounds. By analyzing body motions captured by the Falcon motion analysis system and a camcorder, it was identified that the
friction between the arm and trunk occurred within 10° of shoulder angle along the center line of the trunk in the sagittal
plane and the maximum frictional speed occurred at the elbow within the shoulder friction range. The averages (SDs) of maximum
frictional speed at the elbow were found 0.63 m/s (0.17) at walking, 1.1 m/s (0.25) at jogging, and 1.98 m/s (0.35) at running.
The frictional sounds of three coated nylon fabrics were obtained using these predetermined speeds. We calculated sound characteristics
such as the sound pressure levels (SPL) and Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameter using 1/3 octave band analysis. The SPL values
ranged from 74.2 dB at running to 79.0 dB at jogging, which was about the same noise level as in the busy street. The values
of loudness (Z) at walking and jogging were higher than that at running, but the fluctuation strength (Z) increased in the
order of walking, jogging, and running. 相似文献
6.
Eunjou Yi 《Fibers and Polymers》2005,6(3):269-276
In this study, cross-cultural comparison of sound sensation for Korean traditional silk fabrics between Korea and America
was performed and prediction models for sound sensation by objective measurements including sound parameters such as level
pressure of total sound (LPT), Zwicker’s psychoacoustic characteristics, and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation
System were established for each nation to explore the objective parameters explaining sound sensation of the Korean traditional
silk. As results, Koreans felt the silk fabric sounds soft and smooth while Americans were revealed as perceiving them hard
and rough. Both Koreans and Americans were pleasant with sounds of Gongdan and Newttong and especially Newttong was preferred
more by Americans in terms of sound sensation. In prediction models, some of subjective sensation were found as being related
mainly with mechanical properties of traditional silk fabrics such as surface and compressional characteristics. 相似文献
7.
The purpose of this study was to classify various fabrics into some meaningful groups and to predict the fabrics’ acoustic characteristics using their mechanical properties. Two hundred seventeen fabrics, fifty one knitted fabrics, fifty nine woven fabrics and one hundred and seven vapor permeable water repellent fabrics, were used as test specimen. Fabric frictional sounds of the specimen were measured with a MAFN(Measuring Apparatus for Fabric Noise, Patent: No, 2001-73360). Sound Pressure Level(SPL), psychoacoustic parameters such as Loudness(z) and Sharpness(z) of the specimen were obtained by the sound quality system. KES-FB system was used for mechanical property measurements. Cluster analysis was used to classify the specimen and discriminant analysis was used to predict the clusters. Linear regression analysis was used to suggest the equations to predict the acoustic properties using mechanical properties. 相似文献
8.
Yi-Jun Pan Chien-Teng Hsieh Chien-Lin Huang Chen-Hung Huang Ching-Wen Lou Che-Wei Li Jia-Horng Lin 《Fibers and Polymers》2015,16(12):2682-2688
This study proposes a combination for reciprocal reinforcement between warp knitting spacer fabrics and PU foams. PET/Kevlar nonwoven fabrics are made with an 80:20 ratio and an incorporation of various needle-punching speed of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 needles/min. Ascribing to having an optimal bursting strength, sound absorption coefficient, and limited oxygen index (LOI), the PET/Kevlar nonwoven fabric that is made by 200 needles/min are selected to be combined with a glass-fiber fabric by applying needle punch in order to form a surface layer. Next, warp knitting spacer fabrics and the nonwoven fabrics are laminated, followed by being combined with polyurethane (PU) foam that are featured with different densities of 200, 210, 220, 230, and 240 kg/m3 in order to form spacer fabric/PU foam composites with multiple functions. The composites are then tested with a drop-weight test, a compression test, a bursting strength test, a sound absorption test, and a horizontal burning test. The test results indicate that all spacer fabric/PU foam composites reach a horizontal burning level of HF1, and their sound absorption coefficients at 2500-4000 Hz also suggest a satisfactory sound absorption. In particular, the optimal residual stress and compressive strength are present when the composites contain 210 kg/m3 PU foam. Similarly, the optimal bursting strength of the composites occurs when they are composed of 230 kg/m3 PU foam. The spacer fabric/PU foam composites are proven to have high strengths, sound absorption, and fire retardant, and thus have promising potentials for use as construction materials and light weight composite planks. 相似文献
9.
Sound absorption property, viscoelastic property and the effect of plasma treatment of four automotive nonwoven fabrics on
these properties are discussed in this research paper. Needle-punched fabrics used for vehicle headliner include 2 polyester
fabrics made of hollow polyester fibers or solid polyester fibers, and 2 polypropylene-composite cellulose fabrics made of
jute fibers or kenaf fibers, manufactured with the same web structure of apparent fabric density and fabric thickness. Hollow
polyester fiber fabric has the highest sound absorption and the highest loss factor, the second highest is jute fiber fabric.
The viscoelastic property is found to be related to the sound absorption property of fabric. The plasma treatment on nonwoven
fabrics changes their sound absorption and viscoelastic property as well as their fabric weight and pore size. Hollow polyester
fabric shows the increased sound absorption and viscoelastic property after the treatment with the increased pore sizes, while
regular polyester fabric displays insignificant changes. The cellulose fabrics are more affected by plasma treatment compared
to the polyester fabrics in terms of fabric weight loss and pore size, and jute fabric is more affected than kenaf fabric
due to fiber weakness. The jute fabric demonstrates the decreased sound absorption and viscoelastic property, while kenaf
fabric shows the increased sound absorption with the unchanged viscoelastic property after the treatment. 相似文献
10.
Yi-Jun Pan Ching-Wen Lou Chien-Teng Hsieh Chen-Hung Huang Zheng-Ian Lin Che-Wei Li Jia-Horng Lin 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(5):789-794
In the first stage, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers and Kevlar fibers are combined at a blending ratio of 80/ 20 wt% in order to form PET/Kevlar nonwoven fabrics. Two pieces of PET/Kevlar nonwoven fabrics that enclose a carbonfiber (CF) interlayer are then needle punched in order to form PET/Kevlar/CF (PKC) composites. In the second stage, the sandwiches compose PKC composites as the top and the bottom layers, as well as an interlayer that is composed of a spacer fabric and polyurethane (PU) foam. PU foams have different densities of 200, 210, 220, 230, and 240 kg/m3. These resulting nonwoven fabric/spacer fabric/PU foam sandwiches are then tested using a drop-weight impact test, a compression test, a bursting strength test, a sound absorption test, and a horizontal burning test. The test results indicate that the optimal properties of sandwiches occur with their corresponding PU foam density as follows: an optimal residual stress (240 kg/m3), an optimal compressive strength (240 kg/m3), and an optimal bursting strength (220 kg/m3). In addition, the sandwiches reach the HF1 level according to the horizontal burning test results. They also have an average electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of -48 dB, as well as a sound absorption coefficient of 0.5 in a frequency between 1500-2500 Hz, which indicates a satisfactory sound absorption effect. The nonwoven fabric/spacer fabric/PU foam sandwiches proposed in this study are mechanically strong, sound absorbent, and fire retardant, and can be used in construction material and electromagnetic shielding composites. 相似文献
11.
To investigate sound characteristics of PU-Nanoweb (NW) and PTFE film (PTFE) laminated vapor permeable water repellent fabrics,
their frictional sounds by walking, jogging, and running speeds were recorded and sound characteristics such as SPL, loudness
(Z), sharpness (Z), roughness (Z), and fluctuation strength (Z) were calculated. Mechanical properties were measured by KES-FB
system. SPL and fluctuation strength (Z) were significantly increased by increasing speed. Roughness (Z) was generated to
be the highest by jogging and running speeds. However, sharpness (Z) was decreased by increasing speeds. NW had significantly
lower SPL, loudness (Z), but had higher roughness (Z) than PTFE. NW significantly had less B (bending rigidity), G (shear
stiffness), WC (compressional energy), and W (weight). These distinctions influenced the sound characteristics to have the
different sound between NW and PTFE. The sound would be low by controlling the mechanical properties and laminated nanoweb
and film conditions. The crucial factors were RC and laminated nanoweb and film weight to minimize SPL and loudness (Z) of
NW and PTFE at all speeds. 相似文献
12.
To investigate the sound properties by low-speed frictions (0.2 m/s and 0.5 m/s) which occur when two fabrics are rubbed by
wearer’s slow movement, six specimens are selected by cluster analysis among seventy-one vapor permeable water repellent fabrics
for outdoor sportswear. Their sound spectra are obtained from the FFT analysis. Physical sound properties (LPT, ΔL, Δf) and Zwicker’s psychoacoustic parameters-loudness(Z), sharpness(Z), roughness(Z), and fluctuation strength(Z)-are calculated
from the sound spectra. Mechanical properties of the fabrics are measured with the KES-FB system. The amplitudes of the sound
spectra of all the specimens at 0.5 m/s are higher than those at 0.2 m/s throughout the entire range of frequencies. As the
frictional speed changed from 0.2 m/s to 0.5 m/s, the LPT increases about 16 dB, and the loudness(Z) and fluctuation strength(Z)
increase about 3 times and 2 times, respectively. The SMD and Weight at the two low frictional speeds are the important factors
which affect the sound properties of vapor permeable water repellent fabrics. 相似文献
13.
Sung Ok Sohn So Min Lee Yun Mi Kim Jeong Hyun Yeum Jin Hyun Choi Han Do Ghim 《Fibers and Polymers》2007,8(2):163-167
A durable aroma finishing for PET fabric was carried out by adopting poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) nanoparticles containing lavender
oil (LO) in core. Relatively small size of PVAc nanoparticles (ca. 244 nm of mean particle diameter) was expected to resist
the frictional destruction of the particles, which is frequently observed in cases of microcapsules. PVAc nanoparticles containing
LO in core were prepared by emulsification-diffusion method and their application as an aroma releasing agent for PET fabrics
was assessed through the observation of releasing profiles of LO in ethanol for experimental acceleration. Melamine-formaldehyde
(MF) microcapsules containing LO were also prepared and treated on fabrics for comparison. PVAc nanoparticles treated on PET
fabric showed higher initial releasing amount, which was ascribed to the enhanced surface area. After 2 days of releasing,
PET fabric treated with PVAc nanoparticles showed slower and more stable releasing profile and reached about 12 ppm of cumulative
release after 16 days, which was under two thirds of that with MF microcapsules. PVAc nanoparticles can be used as an agent
for durable aroma finishing of PET fabrics. 相似文献
14.
The fuzzing and pilling of untreated, chlorinated and oxidized wool knitted fabrics were compared with frictional coefficients
measured by capstan method, surface modification observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surface roughness and
the scale height assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and hairiness imaged on the three-dimensional rotational microscopy.
The pilling comparative experiments of the corresponding knitted fabrics were conducted by means of Pillbox method. Experimental
results showed that some scales on the oxidized fiber surface were partially cleaved and some grooves generated. With oxidization
treatment, the anti- and with-scale of friction coefficient increase with decreasing the thickness of scales and the yarn
hairiness. There is good correlation between the result of AFM and the change in frictional coefficients. The pilling grade
of knitted fabric comprised of oxidization wool is 2.5, and the average numbers of pills per 25 cm2 is 25. It is postulated that the surface topography, the frictional properties of oxidized wool fibers and surface hairs
of corresponding yarns may limit the ability of those surface fibers to form fuzz and of those fuzz for pill formation. 相似文献
15.
In order to investigate the relationship between subjective sensation for fabric sound and touch and the objective measurements,
eight different apparel fabrics were selected as specimens. Sound parameters of fabrics including level pressure of total
sound (LPT), level range (ΔL), and frequency differences (Δf) and mechanical properties by Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) were obtained. For subjective evaluation, seven aspects of
the sound (softness, loudness, pleasantness, sharpness, clearness, roughness, and highness) and eight of the touch (hardness,
smoothness, fineness, coolness, pliability, crispness, heaviness, and thickness) were rated using semantic differential scale.
Polyester ultrasuede was evaluated to sound softer and more pleasant while polyester taffeta to sound louder and rougher than
any other fabrics. Wool fabrics such as worsted and woolen showed similar sensation for sound but differed in some touch sensation
in that woolen was coarsest, heaviest, and thickest in touch. In the prediction model for sound sensation, LPT affected postively
subjective roughness and highness as well as loudness, whileΔL was found as a parameter related positively with softness and pleasantness. Touch sensation was explained by some of mechanical
properties such as surface, compressional, shear, and bending properties implying that a touch sensation could be expressed
by a variety of properties. 相似文献
16.
We evaluated the seam characteristics with finishing, seaming and sealing processes and seam puckering behavior of the breathable
waterproof fabrics with laser scan. There were differences in 99% significant level between the seamed fabric and the sealed
fabric. Seam breakage was initiated with the breakage of sewing thread, so the seam strength after seaming was almost uniform.
The sewn seam strength and elongation increased with sealing process in all finishing methods. Pucker grade of laminating
type was generally much higher than that of the coating type. We confirmed that wave length and amplitude have more important
meaning than the number of wave in the breathable waterproof fabrics. The puckering in breathable waterproof fabrics is mainly
occurred by inherent and feeding pucker. The former is due to the insertion of sewing thread and the latter is caused by differential
feeding when two pieces of fabric are fed into the gap between a press foot and needle plate. 相似文献
17.
The abrasion behavior of three kinds of warp knitted fabrics, which are normally used for upper sole of footwear, was evaluated.
We measured the changes of mechanical and structural properties of each sample as abrasion cycle increased. Each sample showed
similar trends in compression and surface properties but there were significant differences in abrasion rate among the samples.
The mechanical properties showed remarkable differences with directions. The frictional coefficient (MIU) of fabric surface
increased at the beginning of abrasion and decreased as abrasion cycles increased. The weight and thickness of the fabric
linearly decreased with abrasion cycles. The surface roughness (SMD) and the compressional resilience (RC) decreased as abrasion
cycles increased while compressional energy (WC) increased. 相似文献
18.
In this study, the tensile and tearing properties of substrate, substrate with adhesive and flocked fabric were studied with
developed regression model which explains the relationships between fabric forms and tensile and tearing strength of the flocked
fabrics. Warp and weft tensile strengths of wet flocked fabric are generally higher than the warp and weft tensile strengths
of dry flocked fabric due to the high wet properties of cotton yarn. Weft tensile elongation of the flocked fabric is generally
higher than warp tensile elongation due to the higher crimp ratio of the flocked fabric in the weft direction. Warp and weft
tearing strengths of wet form substrate with adhesive and flocked fabric are higher than those of dry forms of substrate with
adhesive and flocked fabric. One of the reasons could be the decrease of inter-yarn frictional forces due to the lubrication
effect of the wet form of acrylic adhesive in substrate with adhesive fabric. Generally, tearing strength of flocked fabric
is low compared with substrate. It was concluded that the regression model used in this study could be viable and reliable
tools and flocked fabric could be considered as an alternative seat cover material to use in automotive industry. 相似文献
19.
Mine Akgun 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(2):405-413
The effects of some yarn properties (i.e. type, count, twist level, ply number, unevenness and crimp) and fabric constructional properties (i.e. cover, thickness and balance) on surface roughness values of cotton woven fabrics were investigated. A general overview of the results showed that surface roughness values of fabrics were affected from yarn and fabric properties and the effects were related to fabric balance, fabric cover (not cover factor), fabric thickness and crimp values of yarns in fabric structures. Surface roughness values of fabrics decreased as yarn fineness and yarn twist levels increased but as yarn ply number decreased. Also, surface roughness values gradually decreased from open-end yarn constituting fabrics to combed yarn constituting fabrics. Results showed that different properties of yarns caused changes in yarn crimps in fabric structure and also governed the changes in fabric balance, as well as changes in roughness of fabric surfaces. The changing properties of yarns and impact of these properties on fabric construction affected the formation of cotton fabric surfaces from smooth to coarse. 相似文献
20.
Interlinings are produced recently not only natural and synthetics fibers but also fiber sheet form in nonwoven production
methods. During usage, the fabric wears out and because of this problem fabric surface structure deteriorates. As a result
of, investigation of fabrics surface and frictional properties has been important before usage of garments. For this reason,
a patented laboratory instrument was designed which is based on horizontal working principle of accessing friction coefficient
of fibrous textile surfaces. The tested materials were nonwoven interlining materials produced by spunbond methods. Abrasion
resistance of paste dot-CoPES nonwoven interlining material is lower than others because of softness handle. On the contrary,
friction coefficients have been obtained higher values. 相似文献