共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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大赖草作为小麦野生近缘植物,对赤霉病表现较好的抗性, 将其赤霉病抗性基因转入普通小麦, 对创新小麦赤霉病抗性种质有重要意义。本研究在获得抗赤霉病普通小麦-大赖草异附加系基础上, 采用1200R 60Co-γ射线处理小麦-大赖草二体附加系 DA5Lr花粉, 授予已去雄的普通小麦中国春,对其后代(M1)种子根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体进行GISH分析,获得了1株具有1条普通小麦-大赖草易位染色体的植株,让其自交,对自交后代中具有2条易位染色体植株的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I进行观察,发现2条易位染色体形成了稳定的环状二价体,表明该植株为纯合体。利用顺序GISH-双色FISH分析,结合小麦D组专化探针Oligo-pAs1-2和B组专化探针Oligo-pSc119.2-2,进一步鉴定出该普通小麦-大赖草易位系为T5AS/5LrL,且筛选出了可追踪该易位系的3个EST-STS分子标记BE591127 、BQ168298和BE591737。赤霉病抗性鉴定结果表明,易位系T5AS/5LrL连续3年的病小穗率分别为7.69%、10.29%和8.66%,显著低于感病品种中国春和绵阳85-45。该易位系的育成为小麦赤霉病抗病性遗改良提供了新种质。 相似文献
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对从中间偃麦草与普通小麦品种烟农15杂交后代(BC3F6)中选育的双体异附加系山农Line15的形态学、白粉病抗性、细胞学、基因组荧光原位杂交(G ISH)及R A PD进行鉴定分析。结果表明,它的主要形态性状介于双亲之间;白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明,山农Line15对白粉病高抗近免疫;根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=44,PM CMⅠ染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ;以中间偃麦草总基因组D N A为探针的基因组荧光原位杂交(G ISH),结果表明,山农Line15是在小麦的遗传背景中附加了2条中间偃麦草染色体,为小麦—中间偃麦草双体异附加系;遗传分析表明,山农Line15的抗白粉病基… 相似文献
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晋南冬麦区大麦黄矮病毒流行株系监测及防治策略探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
连续5年(1996～2000年)采集晋南冬麦区小麦黄矮病标样,采用生物学和血清学(酶联免疫吸附法)相结合的诊断方法对该地区的大麦黄矮病毒流行株系进行了鉴别。结果表明,该小麦黄矮病流行区近五年以GAV株系为主流株系,兼有少量GPV、PAV和混合株系存在。同时对小麦抗黄矮病新品种“临抗1号”进行了GPV和GAV两种株系的抗性测定,明确了该品种兼抗GPV和GAV两种株系。根据小麦黄矮病发生现状,提出了一套以选育推广抗耐病品种为主,以药剂防治为辅的综合防治措施。以期为当地小麦生产服务。 相似文献
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抗白粉病小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系的鉴定 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
对从中间偃麦草与普通小麦品种烟农15杂交后代(BC3F6)中选育的双体异附加系山农Line15的形态学、白粉病抗性、细胞学、基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)及RAPD进行鉴定分析.结果表明它的主要形态性状介于双亲之间;白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明山农Line15对白粉病高抗近免疫;根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=44,PMC MI染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ;以中间偃麦草总基因组DNA为探针的基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH),结果表明山农Line15是在小麦的遗传背景中附加了2条中间偃麦草染色体,为小麦-中间偃麦草双体异附加系;遗传分析表明山农Line15的抗白粉病基因基本上可以确定来源于中间偃麦草的染色体;RAPD分析表明:在供试的120个随机引物中有1个引物S170(-5'-ACA ACG CGA G-3'-)能在山农Line15中稳定地扩增出特异带型,可以作为山农Line15所附加的中间偃麦草染色体的特异分子标记. 相似文献
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用 ELISA 法鉴定了小麦近缘种赖草属(Leymus)、披碱草属(Elymus)、鹅冠草属(Roegneria)3个属的21个种,其中17个种抗 BYDV。21145份小麦品种中筛选到症状轻、病毒含量高的耐病品种忻县冬麦、江西早等29份。3604份大麦品种中筛选到症状轻、病毒含量低的抗病品种C13208、小麦近缘种(Agropyronintemedium)和普通小麦杂交的异源八倍体中4无芒,中5,远中7,陇远45、46,远中1001,忻4079以及附加系 L1。现已获得抗 BYDV 的以中4无芒、L1为亲本的杂交后代。 相似文献
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二叉蚜传播小麦黄矮病毒的麦二叉蚜禾谷缢蚜株系(GPV)、麦长管蚜传播麦二叉蚜长管蚜株系(GAV)。 相似文献
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小麦条锈病新抗源的抗谱鉴定初析 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
利用南京农业大学细胞遗传研究所育成的一套涉及不同簇毛麦染色体的异附加系和代换系以及5个6VS/6AL易位系,经1997、1998、1999连续3年在陕西、北京、四川进行小麦条锈病抗性接种鉴定,结果表明普通小麦-簇毛麦6V异附加系,6V(6A)异代换系和6VS/6AL易位系高抗条锈病菌条中29、条中31、水源11-2、水源11-5、水源11-13和杂46等强毒小种。考虑到含整组V染色体的硬粒小麦-簇毛麦双倍体不抗水源11-13小种,上述普通小麦-簇毛麦6V异附加系、异代换系和6VS/6AL易位系的条锈病抗性可能还与其所涉及的小麦亲本基因的作用有关。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Resistance to Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is not found in wheat but is available in a Thinopyrum intermedium translocation (Ti) carried on chromosome 7DL of bread wheat recombinant lines. We used one of those lines (TC14/2*Spear) to introgress the Ti into bread wheat cultivars and to determine the influence of wheat backgrounds, with and without known tolerance to BYDV, on the expression of resistance. Two single and three backcross populations, segregating for the presence of the alien fragment, were tested under field conditions and artificial inoculation with BYDV isolates MAV-Mex and PAV-Mex. Lines containing the fragment were identified using the microsatellite marker gwm37. Tillering, biomass, grain yield, thousand-kernel weight, and seed quality were evaluated in inoculated and noninoculated plots. Resistance was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In early generations, the alien fragment followed expected Mendelian segregation, whereas in the advanced ones a slight bias against its transmission was observed. No positive nor negative effects of Ti on agronomic performance and quality were found. A significant optical density reduction in individuals carrying the fragment was observed after PAV infection in crosses with lines Anza and Baviacora but not with Milan. In addition, the fragment was associated with a lower frequency of infected plants for both PAV and MAV isolates. The reduced yield loss associated with the presence of the translocation was due largely to the lower infection rate. 相似文献
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The incidence of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) crops in four areas of south-west and central Scotland was investigated between March 1988 and February 1989. BYDV was detected in 93·8% of the grass swards using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This enabled the seasonal periodicity of the BYDV strains to be monitored over 12 months for the first time in Scotland. The incidence of the RPV, PAV and MAV strains of BYDV declined between March and July 1988, before gradually rising in August. Incidence increased markedly in September, especially of the RPV and MAV strains, and then gradually decreased over the winter months, before stabilizing in February 1989. The incidence of the different strains in perennial ryegrass leys varied between geographical areas and between fields within areas. Most ryegrass samples contained a mixture of the three strains of BYDV. RPV was the most common strain in Ayrshire, while the incidence of PAV was highest in Wigtownshire and that of MAV was highest in Dumfriesshire and Stirlingshire. The incidence of BYDV increased with the age of the sward. The role of perennial ryegrass as a source of virus for the infection of cereals is discussed. 相似文献
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This study investigated the distribution and characteristics of the Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) species BYDV‐PAS, which was recently separated from BYDV‐PAV, the most commonly studied BYDV species. Throughout 3 years of experimental monitoring of BYDV incidence, PAS was the most frequently occurring species infecting cereals and grasses in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Metopolophium dirhodum were recorded as BYDV‐PAS vectors, even though M. dirhodum does not usually transmit BYDV‐PAV. In field experiments with barley and wheat, where virus accumulation, symptoms and effect on the yield were tested, BYDV‐PAV was more severe than PAS. Infection with the BYDV‐PAV isolate resulted in greater expression of symptoms and also in a greater reduction in plant height and grain weight per spike than BYDV‐PAS. In a sensitive cultivar of barley (Graciosa), the amount of viral RNA of BYDV‐PAV was also significantly higher than that of BYDV‐PAS. In a tolerant line (Wbon‐123), however, no such differences were found. In conclusion, although BYDV‐PAS seems to be dominant in the Czech Republic, BYDV‐PAV has the potential to cause more significant crop losses in barley and wheat. 相似文献
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本研究对以小麦-中间偃麦草异附加系L1和小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二倍体‘无芒中4’为抗源选育出的抗黄矮病小麦新品系进行分子检测和抗病性鉴定.通过应用RAPD、SSR、SCAR 3种分子标记OPF15、Xgwm37、SC-W37进行分子检测,并采用人工接种和大田自然感病的方式进行抗黄矮病鉴定,筛选到了‘93646’、‘2003-2’等高抗黄矮病的小麦新品系.分子检测抗黄矮病基因与田间抗病鉴定结果基本一致,应用的3种PCR标记都可以检测出抗病材料,但SCAR标记SC-W37特异性强、稳定性好,可在小麦抗黄矮病育种早代选择过程中发挥重要作用. 相似文献
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The invasive weed Ventenata dubia is a host of Barley yellow dwarf virus with implications for an endangered grassland habitat 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ventenata dubia (African wiregrass), a winter annual weed, is a non‐native species invading grasslands, rangelands and pastures throughout the USA. Limited information is available on its suitability as a host to pathogens and insects in its invaded range. The barley/cereal yellow dwarf virus (B/CYDV) complex occurs ubiquitously in Poaceae species. In non‐managed grasslands, BYDV infection influences competitive dynamics between native and invasive grasses and facilitates invasion by non‐native annual weeds. The Palouse prairie of south‐eastern Washington and northern Idaho, USA, is an endangered ecosystem. Surveys of V. dubia in Palouse prairie and neighbouring Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) habitats were conducted to determine whether B/CYDV viral species are present. Laboratory tests examined the suitability of V. dubia to host BYDV‐PAV and serve as an inoculum source. Plant growth and weight parameters were measured to gauge the impact of BYDV‐PAV on V. dubia. Infection of V. dubia in Palouse prairie and CRP habitats with two species of BYDV, PAV and SGV, was detected for the first time. The ability of BYDV‐PAV to infect V. dubia in the laboratory and transmission from infected V. dubia to barley were demonstrated. BYDV‐PAV‐infected V. dubia showed reductions in plant height, number of leaves and tillers per plant, and above‐ground dry weight, suggesting that V. dubia is sensitive to BYDV. Results demonstrate that V. dubia is a host to BYDV and may serve as a virus inoculum source with potential implications for its management, competitive dynamics between invasive and native grasses and future conservation of endangered grasslands. 相似文献