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1.
Serum thymidine kinase (sTK) activity was evaluated as a tumor marker for canine malignant lymphoma (ML). The objective was to investigate if sTK, as in humans, could be used as a prognostic marker for survival time in dogs with ML and if sTK could identify early signs of progression of disease in treated dogs. Serum samples from 52 dogs with ML were tested for initial TK activity. Samples from 21 normal dogs and 25 dogs with nonhematologic neoplasms were used for comparison. Forty-four dogs with ML were treated. Serum TK activity was measured in treated dogs before each treatment and every 4 weeks thereafter until relapse. Dogs with ML had 2-180 times higher TK activity (TK 5-900 U/L) than normal dogs (TK <7 U/L) based on the mean + 2 standard deviations. In the group of other neoplasms, only 2 dogs had a moderate increase (6.4 and 7.5 U/L) compared with the controls. Mean sTK activities in the dogs with ML that had gone into complete remission (CR) were not significantly different from activities in healthy controls (P = .68). Mean sTK at least 3 weeks before and at the time of relapse was significantly higher than activity measured at CR (P < .0001). Dogs with ML that initially had sTK >30 U/L had significantly shorter survival times (P < .0001). Furthermore, sTK activity reflected the clinical staging of ML. Measuring sTK can be used as a powerful objective tumor marker for prognosis and for predicting relapse before recurrence of clinically detectable disease in dogs with ML undergoing chemotherapy.  相似文献   

2.
Sixty‐three dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma underwent complete staging and received the same chemotherapy. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma was the leading histotype (44.4%), followed by peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (20.6%). Indolent lymphomas accounted for 30.2% of cases. Most dogs with aggressive B‐cell lymphoma had stage IV disease. Dogs with indolent and aggressive T‐cell lymphoma had more often stage V disease and were symptomatic. Liver and bone marrow were predominantly involved in B‐cell and T‐cell lymphoma, respectively. The clinical stage was significantly related to substage, sex and total lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Aggressive B‐cell lymphomas were more likely to achieve remission. Median survival was 55 days for aggressive and indolent T‐cell lymphoma, 200 and 256 days for indolent and aggressive B‐cell lymphoma, respectively. The prognosis of advanced indolent lymphoma does not appear to be appreciably different from that of aggressive disease. Familiarity with the various histotypes is critical to make the correct diagnosis and drive therapy.  相似文献   

3.
Canine multi‐centric B‐cell lymphoma shares similarities with diffuse large B‐cell (Non‐Hodgkin's) lymphoma (NHL) in people. In people with NHL, lymphopenia at diagnosis and first relapse and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N:L) > 3.5 are negative prognostic factors for survival. The objective of this study was to determine if lymphocyte concentration at diagnosis and first relapse and N:L were prognostic for survival in dogs with newly diagnosed multi‐centric lymphoma. Medical records of 77 dogs with multi‐centric lymphoma treated with a CHOP‐based chemotherapy protocol were retrospectively evaluated. Absolute lymphocyte concentration and N:L ratio at presentation of dogs pre‐treated with steroids was not significantly different from dogs who had not received steroids. On multivariate analysis, only immunophenotype remained significant for progression‐free survival (PFS), whereas no variables remained significant for ST. A prospective study of these haematologic variables is warranted to assess their true significance.  相似文献   

4.
Background: Anemia is a common complication in human patients with neoplasia and has been associated with decreased survival time and a poorer quality of life.
Hypothesis: The presence of anemia at diagnosis is negatively associated with survival and remission times in dogs with lymphoma, but not in dogs with osteosarcoma.
Animals: Eighty-four dogs with lymphoma and 91 dogs with osteosarcoma that presented for treatment at the Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University.
Methods: Retrospective, case-control study. Medical records were reviewed to determine the presence or absence of anemia (PCV < 40) at initial presentation. Median survival and remission times were identified by the Kaplan-Meier product limit method and the association between anemia and survival was determined by a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.
Results: Cancer-related anemia is more frequent in dogs with lymphoma than in control dogs or dogs with osteosarcoma. Dogs with lymphoma and anemia had a significantly decreased survival time compared with dogs without anemia. There was no effect of anemia on remission time in dogs with lymphoma. Anemic dogs with osteosarcoma did not have decreased survival or remission time compared with nonanemic dogs with osteosarcoma.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Shortened survival time in dogs with lymphoma and anemia at initial presentation has important prognostic significance. Understanding cancer-related anemia in dogs might offer new opportunities to improve quality of life and survival times in these patients.  相似文献   

5.
A chemotherapy protocol using a consolidation phase of alkylating agents was used for treating 94 dogs with lymphoma. Fifty‐seven percent of dogs were in stage V, 63% were ill and 38% had T‐cell lymphoma. The complete remission (CR) rate was 70% and is comparable to results achieved with previously published chemotherapy protocols. Anorexia predicted the remission; of the 40 dogs without anorexia, 35 (88%) achieved CR whereas of 52 dogs with anorexia, 30 (58%) achieved CR. Median first CR duration was 168 days and 1‐ and 2‐year CR rates were 17.4 and 15.5%, respectively. Platelet count affected length of first CR, with a 53.2% reduced chance of coming out of remission with each log increase in platelet count. Median survival time was 302 days. One and 2‐year survival rates were 44 and 13%, respectively. Anorexia and no dose reduction of any drug were independent negative variables. Of 93 dogs with toxicity data, 65 dogs (70%) required a dose reduction. Cyclophosphamide was most commonly reduced with reductions in 31 (38%) of 82 dogs. A dose reduction was significantly more likely in dogs with B‐cell lymphoma than in those with T‐cell lymphoma.  相似文献   

6.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is frequently treated with chemotherapy incorporating cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP), which induces remission in 80% to 95% of cases. However, not all dogs derive meaningful benefit from CHOP, and prognostic factors for dogs with DLBCL are poorly defined. Serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) activity, a marker of tumour cell proliferation, has shown promising initial results as a prognostic biomarker in dogs with multicentric lymphomas. The purpose of this study was to determine if baseline serum TK1 activity is associated with clinical outcome in dogs with CHOP-treated DLBCL. Baseline serum TK1 activity was measured in banked sera from 98 dogs with CHOP-treated DLBCL using a commercially available ELISA kit. Data on other potential prognostic factors were abstracted retrospectively from electronic medical records. Multivariable statistical methods were used to identify associations between TK1 and other potential prognostic factors with progression-free survival (PFS) and attainment of complete remission. TK1 activity at baseline was not associated with PFS (p = .299) or attainment of complete remission (p = .910) following CHOP chemotherapy. Of the other prognostic factors analysed, only purebred (vs. mixed breed) status (HR 8.81, 95% CI 1.68–46.30, p = .010), attainment of complete (vs. partial) remission (HR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02–0.49, p = .006), and baseline serum C-reactive protein concentration (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07–1.32, p = .001) were independently associated with PFS. Based on these findings, baseline serum TK1 activity does not appear to be a useful prognostic biomarker in dogs with CHOP-treated DLBCL.  相似文献   

7.
The objectives of this retrospective study of 100 dogs with intraocular lymphoma were to describe the histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features of canine intraocular lymphoma, determine the proportion of cases with presumed solitary ocular lymphoma (PSOL) compared to multicentric disease, and assess the clinical outcomes of these patients. Selected cases from Penn Vet Diagnostic Laboratory and Comparative Ocular Pathology Lab of Wisconsin (2004–2015) were evaluated and subtyped using the WHO classification system. Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma were the two most common subtypes. Questionnaires were distributed to the referring veterinarians and veterinary ophthalmologists inquiring about clinical signs at time of enucleation, staging, patient outcome, treatment, and disease progression. Cases were categorized as PSOL if only ocular involvement was noted at the time of diagnosis based on the clinical staging criteria. The majority of cases (61%) did not have systemic involvement at the time of diagnosis, and these cases did not progress postoperatively. Median survival time (MST) was significantly higher for the presumed solitary intraocular cases: 769 vs. 103 days, hazard ratio of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.077–0.68). The subtype of lymphoma did not affect survival time. The results of this study suggest two significant points of clinical interest: the majority of dogs (61%) presented without signs of systemic involvement of lymphoma at the time of enucleation, and dogs with only ocular involvement showed no disease progression postenucleation.  相似文献   

8.
Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) is an indirect measure of heart rate variability and may serve as a marker of disease severity. Higher heart rate variability has predicted lower tumour burden and improved survival in humans with various tumour types. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate VVTI as a biomarker of remission status in canine lymphoma. The primary hypothesis was that VVTI would be increased in dogs in remission compared to dogs out of remission. Twenty-seven dogs were prospectively enrolled if they had a diagnosis of intermediate to high-grade lymphoma and underwent multidrug chemotherapy. Serial electrocardiogram data were collected under standard conditions and relationships between VVTI, remission status and other clinical variables were evaluated. VVTI from dogs in remission (partial or complete) did not differ from dogs with fulminant lymphoma (naive or at time of relapse). Dogs in partial remission had higher VVTI than dogs in complete remission (p = 0.021). Higher baseline VVTI was associated with higher subsequent scores (p < 0.001). VVTI also correlated with anxiety level (p = 0.03). Based on this pilot study, VVTI did not hold any obvious promise as a useful clinical biomarker of remission status. Further investigation may better elucidate the clinical and prognostic utility of VVTI in dogs with lymphoma.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To compare response rates and remission and survival times in dogs with lymphoma treated with a continuous, multiagent, doxorubicin-based chemotherapeutic protocol or with a short-term single-agent protocol incorporating doxorubicin. DESIGN: Nonrandomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 114 dogs with lymphoma. PROCEDURES: Dogs were treated with a chemotherapeutic protocol consisting of L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and prednisolone (n=87) or doxorubicin alone (27). RESULTS: 63 of 86 (73%) dogs treated with the multiagent protocol (data on response was unavailable for 1 dog) and 14 of 27 (52%) dogs treated with the single-agent protocol had a complete remission. Dogs with lymphoma classified as substage相似文献   

10.
Numerous factors are known to affect the prognosis of dogs with chemotherapy‐treated lymphomas. However, prognostic factors for dogs with specific subtypes of lymphoma are less clearly defined. The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors for dogs receiving CHOP‐based chemotherapy for primary nodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Medical records of dogs treated for DLBCL at the Purdue Veterinary Teaching Hospital (PUVTH) from 2006 to 2016 were reviewed. Factors potentially related to prognosis were analysed using multivariable statistical methods. Ninety‐eight dogs were included in the study. Best overall response to chemotherapy was complete remission in 80 dogs (81.6%) and partial remission in 18 dogs (18.4%). Median progression‐free survival (PFS) for the entire population was 252 days (range 19‐1068). Factors significantly associated with achieving partial (rather than complete) remission following CHOP included presence of thrombocytopenia at diagnosis (OR 6.88; 95% CI 1.98‐23.93; P = .002), baseline serum globulin concentration (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.03‐6.75; P = .044), and age at diagnosis (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.08‐1.71; P = .009). Factors significantly associated with PFS in the lowest quartile (≤93 days) included presence of thrombocytopenia at diagnosis (OR 8.72; 95% CI 1.54‐49.33; P = .014), age at diagnosis (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.12‐1.94; P = .005), and baseline neutrophil count (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02‐1.37; P = .025). Presence of thrombocytopenia, greater age, higher neutrophil count, and higher serum globulin concentration all may be associated with a particularly poor outcome in dogs receiving CHOP‐based chemotherapy for DLBCL.  相似文献   

11.
Elevated high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels have been demonstrated in different human neoplasias. Information on serum HMGB1 before and during chemotherapy is lacking, as is data pertaining to its prognostic significance. The aim of this study was to characterize serum HMGB1 level in dogs with lymphoma and to assess its influence on the outcome following chemotherapy. Serum HMGB1 concentrations were measured in 16 dogs with lymphoma before treatment (W1) and on weeks 2 (W2), 6 (W6) and 12 (W12) of treatment with chemotherapy. Initial serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher than HMGB1concentrations in control dogs and the levels in W2, W6 and W12. HMGB1‐W1 concentrations were lower in dogs achieving complete remission than that in the single dog with partial remission. The ratio W12/W6 exhibited significant influence on remission duration. In these dogs with lymphoma, serum HMGB1 was elevated in comparison with that in controls. Initial serum HMGB1 level and its modulation during treatment may possess prognostic value.  相似文献   

12.
Background: Tumor cell burden in dogs with lymphoma cannot be assessed accurately by diagnostic evaluation during clinical complete remission (CR). Recent advances in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods enabled us to quantify minimal residual disease (MRD) in canine lymphoma. Hypothesis/Objectives: To quantify MRD in dogs with lymphoma treated with multidrug chemotherapy and to correlate it with remission duration after chemotherapy. Animals: Seventeen dogs with lymphoma that achieved CR by multidrug chemotherapy. Methods: Rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain or T‐cell receptor γ chain gene fragments from lymphoma cells were PCR amplified and sequenced to prepare clone‐specific primers and probes for real‐time PCR to quantify MRD. MRD in the peripheral blood was monitored during and at the end of a 25‐week multidrug chemotherapy protocol. Correlation between MRD at the end of chemotherapy and remission duration after chemotherapy was analyzed. Results: MRD gradually decreased after initiation of multidrug chemotherapy, reached a nadir as low as <0.019–1.0 cells/μL at weeks 4–17, and remained low or slightly increased until week 25. MRD at the end of chemotherapy was negatively correlated with remission duration from the end of chemotherapy to relapse. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: MRD could be an objective marker to indicate tumor cell burden in dogs with lymphoma even in clinical CR. MRD at the end of chemotherapy could be a prognostic factor to predict remission duration after chemotherapy.  相似文献   

13.
BACKGROUND: The acute-phase protein C-reactive protein (CRP) is used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in humans with various neoplasias, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if CRP could be used to detect different remission states in dogs with lymphoma. ANIMALS: Twenty-two dogs with untreated multicentric lymphoma. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Blood samples were collected at the time of diagnosis, before each chemotherapy session, and at follow-up visits, resulting in 287 serum samples. RESULTS: Before therapy, a statistically significant majority of the dogs (P = .0019) had CRP concentrations above the reference range (68%, 15/22). After achieving complete remission 90% (18/20) of the dogs had CRP concentrations within the reference range, and the difference in values before and after treatment was statistically significant (P < .001). CRP concentrations of dogs in complete remission (median, 1.91; range, 0.2-103) were significantly different (P = .031) from those of dogs with partial remission (median, 2.48; range, 0-89), stable disease (median, 1.77; range, 1.03-42.65), or progressive disease (median, 8.7; range, 0-82.5). There was profound variation of CRP measurements within each dog. CONCLUSIONS: CRP is useful in determining complete remission status after treatment with cytotoxic drugs. However, the individual variation between dogs means CRP concentration is not sufficiently different in other remission states to permit its use in monitoring progression of the disease. Greater reliability in determining remission status might be achieved by combining CRP concentration with other serum markers.  相似文献   

14.
A blinded retrospective study was conducted to investigate remission and recurrence of lymphoma in dogs receiving chemotherapy. The objective was to compare clinicians' assessment using palpation and cytology to the results of serum biochemical tests for haptoglobin (Hapt) and C‐reactive protein (C‐RP). These biochemical test results were combined using a diagnostic algorithm developed using data from 344 individual dogs. This multivariate approach, termed the canine lymphoma blood test (cLBT), was used to follow 57 dogs during and after treatment. cLBT of remission and recurrence compared well with clinicians' assessment and differentiated dogs in remission and those with recurring disease before appearance of lymphadenopathy (P < 0.001). The cLBT demonstrated prognostic potential based on pre‐treatment values on dogs with shorter survival times and on those achieving the lowest cLBT score during treatment that showed longer survival times. The test, therefore, demonstrates potential to assist in monitoring treatment of canine lymphoma.  相似文献   

15.
Small cell intestinal lymphoma has not been well characterized in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell intestinal lymphoma. We hypothesized that affected dogs would have prolonged survival compared with high‐grade gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma. Pathology records were searched for dogs with histologically confirmed small cell GI lymphoma. Seventeen dogs with confirmed small cell intestinal lymphoma were identified, and clinical and outcome data were retrospectively collected. Histopathology was reviewed by a board‐certified pathologist, and tissue sections were subjected to immunophenotyping and molecular clonality assessment. All dogs had small cell, T‐cell, lymphoma confirmed within various regions of small intestine, with 1 dog also having disease in abdominal lymph nodes. All dogs had clinical signs attributable to GI disease; diarrhoea (n = 13) was most common. Ultrasonographic abnormalities were present in 8 of 13 dogs with abnormal wall layering (n = 7) and hyperechoic mucosal striations (n = 7) representing the most common findings. In total, 14 dogs received some form of treatment. The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 279 days and the MST for the 14 dogs that received any treatment was 628 days. Dogs with anaemia and weight loss at presentation had significantly shorter survival times and dogs that received a combination of steroids and an alkylating agent had significantly longer survival times. Small cell, T‐cell, intestinal lymphoma is a distinct disease process in dogs, and those undergoing treatment may experience prolonged survival.  相似文献   

16.
A chemotherapeutic protocol using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin, and L-asparaginase (ACOPA II) was evaluated in dogs with lymphoma. The response rate for 68 dogs treated with ACOPA II (complete remission [CR] 65%, partial remission [PR] 10%) was lower than that for 41 dogs treated with a related protocol previously evaluated (ACOPA I; CR 76%, PR 12%). Initial treatment with doxorubicin and prednisone did not decrease the prevalence or severity of toxicity during induction. The mortality during induction was 22%. The median duration of CR for dogs treated with ACOPA II was 9 months, with 40% still in remission at 1 year and 21% at 2 years. The rate of CR was lower for dogs with signs of illness at presentation (substage b ) and for dogs weighing less than 15 kg. Age was negatively correlated with survival time and duration of remission. Dogs with immunoblastic lymphoma had a more favorable prognosis than did those with lymphoblastic lymphoma. Survival times were also longer for dogs in substage a at presentation. Seven dogs in which treatment was discontinued while in remission had comparable remission duration to that achieved by dogs receiving long-term maintenance chemotherapy.  相似文献   

17.
Clusterin (CLU), also known as apolipoprotein J, is a widely expressed, heterodimeric, glycoprotein, important in tumourigenesis, apoptosis and immunoregulation. In humans, CLU expression has been associated with anaplastic large cell and Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this study, serum CLU levels in dogs with multicentric lymphoma (MLSA) were compared with healthy control dogs, using both western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot confirmed the presence of CLU in dog sera at the predicted molecular weight and the relative levels detected correlated with the levels detected by ELISA. CLU level analysis by ELISA found treatment naïve dogs with MLSA had a significantly (P < .001) lower serum CLU level compared with healthy controls. However, there was no significant difference between MLSA dogs prior to treatment and in complete remission. The wide variation in serum CLU levels may limit its potential as a single candidate biomarker for MLSA, although any prognostic predictive value of serum CLU concentrations has yet to be assessed.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Chemotherapy for multicentric canine lymphoma has favorable results. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common extranodal site of canine lymphoma, but there have been no prospective studies to determine outcome when dogs with GI lymphoma are treated with chemotherapy.
Hypothesis: Treatment with a multiagent chemotherapy protocol is associated with a poor outcome in dogs with GI lymphoma.
Animals: Eighteen dogs with histologically confirmed GI lymphoma.
Methods: Prospective clinical trial in which dogs with GI lymphoma were treated with a 20-week combination chemotherapy protocol consisting of induction and consolidation phases.
Results: Thirteen dogs had primary GI lymphoma and 5 had multicentric lymphoma with GI involvement. The majority of the lymphomas (63%) were of T-cell origin. Overall remission rate was 56%; 9 dogs achieved a complete remission for a median of 86 days (range, 22–420 days) and 1 dog achieved a partial remission for 26 days. Overall median survival time was 77 days (range, 6–700 days). Dogs that failed to achieve a remission (10 versus 117 days; P = .002) or had diarrhea at initial presentation (70 versus 700 days; P < .001) had shorter survival times.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The response and survival of dogs with GI lymphoma treated with multiagent chemotherapy is poor but long-term survival is possible.  相似文献   

19.
The goals of this retrospective study were to determine the patient characteristics of dogs with high‐grade primary mediastinal lymphoma and to determine outcome and associated prognostic factors. A total of 42 dogs were identified, in which 36 received treatment and had follow‐up information available. The most common clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia and polyuria/polydipsia. Hypercalcemia and pleural effusion were common findings at diagnosis. The phenotype was almost exclusively T‐cell, most often in association with lymphoblastic cytomorphology as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) lymphoma classification scheme. The overall progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 133 and 183 days, respectively. Treatment with a CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) protocol was associated with an improved PFS (144 days) and OS (194 days) when compared with dogs that received other medical therapies (P = .005 and P = .002, respectively); the absence of pleural effusion at diagnosis was associated with an increased OS but not PFS. These results suggest that while the prognosis for dogs with mediastinal lymphoma is poor, survival may be improved with treatment using a CHOP‐based protocol.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of anemia (Hct < or = 37%) at the time of diagnosis of lymphoma is a negative prognostic indicator for response to treatment and survival time in dogs that are undergoing chemotherapy. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. Animals-96 dogs with lymphoma that were receiving chemotherapy. Procedures-Information regarding signalment, initial hematologic data, chemotherapy protocol, clinical response, and date of death was retrospectively collected from medical records of dogs with lymphoma. Univariate, multivariate, and survival analyses were performed to determine the effect of anemia on initial response to chemotherapy and on survival time. RESULTS: Overall, dogs without anemia (n = 56) were 4 times as likely as dogs with anemia (40) to have a complete response following chemotherapy. Anemic dogs had a significantly shorter median survival time (139 days), compared with survival time of nonanemic dogs (315 days). Subset analysis of dogs with multicentric lymphoma (matched for clinical stage and chemotherapy protocol) revealed that the dogs with anemia (n = 24) had a significantly shorter median survival time (101 days), compared with survival time of dogs without anemia (24; 284 days). Other variables were not associated with survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings suggested that anemia is a negative prognostic factor for dogs with lymphoma that are undergoing chemotherapy. Further investigation will be necessary to determine the impact of resolution of anemia on clinical outcome in dogs with lymphoma.  相似文献   

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