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1.
Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Provides an Additional Benefit to a Low‐Dust Diet in the Management of Horses with Chronic Lower Airway Inflammatory Disease 
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下载免费PDF全文 N. Nogradi L.L. Couetil J. Messick M.A. Stochelski J.R. Burgess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):299-306
Background
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) may benefit humans and animals with chronic inflammatory diseases.Hypothesis
Omega‐3 PUFA supplementation improves clinical signs, lung function, and airway inflammation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD).Animals
Eight research horses and 35 client‐owned horses.Methods
A pilot study examined the dose of PUFA that can alter plasma PUFA composition. Then, a randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed in horses with RAO and IAD. Horses were fed a complete pelleted diet with no hay and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 daily treatments for 2 months: 30 or 60 g of the supplement or 30 g of placebo. Clinical signs, lung function, plasma PUFA composition, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology were evaluated. Data were expressed as median (25–75th percentiles). P < .05 was considered significant.Results
Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation resulted in increased plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that peaked at 4 weeks. Clinical improvement was noted in all horses involved in the clinical trial, but the group that received PUFA had greater improvement in clinical signs (cough score improved 60%), lung function (respiratory effort decreased 48%), and BALF (neutrophils decreased from 23 to 9%) when compared to placebo (cough score improved 33%, respiratory effort decreased 27%, BALF neutrophils increased from 11 to 17%; P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Feeding horses with RAO and IAD a PUFA supplement containing 1.5–3 g DHA for 2 months provides an additional benefit to low‐dust diet. 相似文献2.
Serum Surfactant Protein D and Haptoglobin as Potential Biomarkers for Inflammatory Airway Disease in Horses 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Bullone M. de Lagarde A. Vargas J.‐P. Lavoie 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1707-1711
Background
The identification of serum biomarkers of lung inflammation would facilitate the diagnosis of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses.Hypothesis
Horses with IAD have higher serum concentrations of markers of inflammation compared to controls.Animals
Twelve horses with IAD and 10 control horses.Methods
This was a prospective case–control study. Blood and BALF were collected from horses with IAD and controls. Serum concentration of surfactant protein D (SP‐D), haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA) and of the soluble form of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM‐1) was measured using commercial ELISA tests.Results
Horses with IAD had higher serum concentration (log‐transformed values) of SP‐D (mean ± SD: 1.773 ± 0.51), haptoglobin (6.657 ± 0.202) and SAA (0.128 ± 0.396) compared to controls (0.942 ± 0.226, 6.38 ± 0.22, −0.398 ± 0.319, respectively; P < .01 for all). Furthermore, the concentrations of SP‐D and haptoglobin combined allowed differentiating the 2 groups (IAD: 8.43 ± 0.564, controls: 7.322 ± 0.249, P < .0001) with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% when a cut‐off of 7.70 (log value) was employed.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Surfactant protein D and haptoglobin serum concentrations could be a diagnostic aid in IAD. Further studies are necessary to establish the specificity of our findings before they can be applied in everyday practice. 相似文献3.
M. Leclere A. Lavoie‐Lamoureux J.‐P. Lavoie 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):940-945
Background
Systemic inflammation is observed in horses with heaves and could also be present in horses with a lesser degree of pulmonary inflammation.Hypothesis/Objectives
It was hypothesized that racehorses with inflammatory airway disease (IAD) have increased concentration of circulating acute phase proteins. The objective of this study was to compare serum acute phase proteins of racehorses with and without lower airway inflammation.Animals
Serum from 21 client‐owned Standardbred racehorses with exercise intolerance and lower airway inflammation and serum from 10 client‐owned Standardbred racehorses with exercise intolerance without lower airway inflammation.Methods
In a case–control study, serum samples from previously characterized horses presented for exercise intolerance with or without lower airway inflammation based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology were analyzed for serum amyloid A protein (SAA), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin using commercial ELISAs.Results
There was no significant differences between groups for SAA (non‐IAD versus IAD, median (range): 3.47 (0.06–34.94) versus 6.33 (0.06–80) μg/mL, P = .49), CRP (10.87 (2.05–29.03) versus 4.63 (0.02–31.81) μg/mL, P = .23) or haptoglobin (900.36 (607.99–2018.84) versus 749.54 (530.81–1076.95) μg/mL, P = .09).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In this population of poorly performing racehorses in training, serum SAA, CRP, and haptoglobin were not helpful in distinguishing between horses with IAD from horses with exercise intolerance from other causes. 相似文献4.
Multiple Hypersensitivities Including Recurrent Airway Obstruction,Insect Bite Hypersensitivity,and Urticaria in 2 Warmblood Horse Populations 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 D. Kehrli V. Jandova K. Fey P. Jahn V. Gerber 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):320-326
Background
Multiple hypersensitivities (MHS) have been described in humans, cats, and dogs, but not horses.Hypotheses
Horses suffering from recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH), or urticaria (URT) will have an increased risk of also being affected by another one of these hypersensitivities. This predisposition for MHS also will be associated with decreased shedding of strongylid eggs in feces and with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP BIEC2‐224511), previously shown to be associated with RAO.Animals
The first population (P1) included 119 randomly sampled horses representative of the Swiss sporthorse population; the replication population (P2) included 210 RAO‐affected Warmblood horses and 264 RAO‐unaffected controls. All horses were Warmbloods, 14 years or older.Methods
Associations between disease phenotypes (RAO, IBH, URT, MHS) fecal egg counts, the SNP BIEC2‐224511 as well as management and environmental factors were investigated.Results
In P1, RAO‐affected horses had a 13.1 times higher odds ratio (OR) of also suffering from IBH (P = .004). In P2, the respective OR was 7.4 (P = .002) and IBH‐affected horses also showed a 7.1 times increased OR of concomitantly suffering from URT (P < .001). IBH, URT, and MHS phenotypes were significantly associated with the absence of nematode eggs in the feces.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This is the first report of MHS in horses. Specifically, an increased risk for IBH should be expected in RAO‐affected horses. 相似文献5.
Thoracic Ultrasonography and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis in Holstein Calves with Subclinical Lung Lesions 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 T.L. Ollivett J.L. Caswell D.V. Nydam T. Duffield K.E. Leslie J. Hewson D. Kelton 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1728-1734
Background
Thoracic ultrasonography (US) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis are antemortem methods used to identify the lung lesions associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Accuracy of US and the cell distributions in BALF have not been characterized in calves with subclinical disease.Objectives
To evaluate the accuracy of US and BALF and describe BALF characteristics in calves with subclinical lung lesions.Animals
Twenty‐five Holstein calves, 1–12 weeks old.Methods
In this prospective study, calves with low respiratory scores underwent US, BALF and postmortem examination (normal US, n = 5; comet‐tails, n = 5; consolidation, n = 15). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected and analyzed for total and differential cell counts. Lung lesions were assessed by gross and histopathologic examination. Data were analyzed using nonparametric methods and relative risk analysis. The accuracy of US and BALF were estimated relative to postmortem examination.Results
The sensitivity and specificity of US for detecting lung lesions was 94% (95% CI, 69–100%) and 100% (95% CI, 64–100%), respectively. A cut‐point of ≥4% BALF neutrophils was associated with the highest BALF sensitivity and specificity, 81% (95% CI, 56–94%) and 75% (95% CI, 36–95%). The presence of consolidation on US increased the risk of having a BALF neutrophil proportion ≥4% (RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.13–13.45; P = .003).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Ultrasonography accurately detects lung lesions in calves with subclinical disease. Clinicians should use a cut‐point of ≥4% BALF neutrophils to diagnose subclinical respiratory disease. 相似文献6.
S. Fuchs S. Reese A. Hirschmann C. Coester G. Winter H. Gehlen 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):286-293
Background
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), an asthma‐like disease, is 1 of the most common allergic diseases in horses in the northern hemisphere. Hypersensitivity reactions to environmental antigens cause an allergic inflammatory response in the equine airways. Cytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine‐oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG‐ODN) are known to direct the immune system toward a Th1‐pathway, and away from the pro‐allergic Th2‐line (Th2/Th1‐shift). Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) are biocompatible and biodegradable immunological inert drug delivery systems that protect CpG‐ODN against nuclease degeneration. Preliminary studies on the inhalation of GNP‐bound CpG‐ODN in RAO‐affected horses have shown promising results.Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and immunological effects of GNP‐bound CpG‐ODN in a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, prospective, randomized clinical trial and to verify a sustained effect post‐treatment.Animals and Methods
Twenty‐four RAO‐affected horses received 1 inhalation every 2 days for 5 consecutive administrations. Horses were examined for clinical, endoscopic, cytological, and blood biochemical variables before the inhalation regimen (I), immediately afterwards (II), and 4 weeks post‐treatment (III).Results
At time points I and II, administration of treatment rather than placebo corresponded to a statistically significant decrease in respiratory effort, nasal discharge, tracheal secretion, and viscosity, AaDO 2 and neutrophil percentage, and an increase in arterial oxygen pressure.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Administration of a GNP‐bound CpG‐ODN formulation caused a potent and persistent effect on allergic and inflammatory‐induced clinical variables in RAO‐affected horses. This treatment, therefore, provides an innovative, promising, and well‐tolerated strategy beyond conventional symptomatic long‐term therapy and could serve as a model for asthma treatment in humans. 相似文献7.
A. Niedzwiedz Z. Jaworski 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1845-1852
Background
Systemic oxidative stress in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is poorly characterized.Objectives
The goal of this study was to investigate whether equine RAO is associated with systemic disturbances in the oxidant‐antioxidant equilibrium.Animals
Seven healthy horses and 7 horses with symptomatic RAO.Methods
A prospective study. Healthy and RAO‐affected horses were exposed to a 48‐hour challenge with moldy hay and straw to induce clinical exacerbation of RAO. Venous blood was collected and the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in equine erythrocyte lysates were measured. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARSs) was assessed both in erythrocyte lysates and in plasma.Results
A significant increase in the activities of GPx and SOD was detected in RAO‐affected horses compared with the control animals. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of the erythrocyte lysate activities of CAT, GR, or TBARs or the plasma concentration of TBARs.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Our results support the hypothesis that RAO in horses is associated with systemic oxidative stress. Future studies are needed to assess whether horses suffering from RAO can benefit from antioxidant supplementation. 相似文献8.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Density and Binding Affinity in Healthy Horses and Horses with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 C.J. Hoffman H.C. McKenzie III M.O. Furr A. Desrochers 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):626-635
Background
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis occurs in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Peripheral resistance to glucocorticoids has not been investigated in horses.Objective
To determine if glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function in horses can be measured using flow cytometry, and to use this information to evaluate HPA axis dynamics.Animals
Eleven healthy adult horses in parts 1 and 2. Ten horses with SIRS and 10 age and sex matched controls in part 3.Methods
Flow cytometry was used to evaluate GR density and binding affinity (BA) in 3 healthy horses in part 1. In part 2, exogenous ACTH was administered to eight healthy horses. Their cortisol response and GR properties were measured. In part 3, CBC, serum biochemistry, cortisol and ACTH, and GR properties were compared between controls without SIRS (n = 10) and horses with SIRS (n = 10), and between survivors and nonsurvivors (n = 4 and n = 6 respectively).Results
Flow cytometry can be used to measure GR properties in equine PBMCs. No correlation was observed between plasma cortisol concentration and GR density or BA in healthy horses (r = −0.145, P = .428 and r = 0.046, P = .802 respectively). Nonsurvivors with SIRS had significantly decreased GR BA (P = .008). Horses with triglyceride concentration > 28.5 mg/dL had increased odds of nonsurvival (OR=117; 95% CI, 1.94–7,060). GR BA <35.79% was associated with nonsurvival (OR = 30.33; 95% CI, 0.96–960.5).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Tissue resistance to glucocorticoids contributes to HPA axis dysfunction in adult horses with SIRS. These horses might benefit from treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids. 相似文献9.
E.A. Richard M. Depecker M. Defontis C. Leleu G. Fortier P.‐H. Pitel A. Couroucé‐Malblanc 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1838-1844
Background
Multiple cytological patterns occur in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of horses with inflammatory airway disease (IAD). Only few data on BALF cytokine profiles are available for horses with IAD, and are limited to mRNA expression.Hypothesis/Objective
Cytological profiles of IAD are associated with different BALF immunological pathways. To investigate BALF cytokine concentrations in a large number of horses with neutrophilic IAD.Animals
One hundred and thirty‐eight client‐owned Standardbred racehorses in active training.Methods
Prospective observational study. BALF samples were obtained from left and right lungs. Interleukin (IL)‐4, interferon (IFN)‐γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α concentrations were determined by ELISA.Results
Fourteen horses had normal BALF cytological profiles and 56 exhibited evidence of bilateral neutrophilic IAD. Twenty‐four horses showed BALF with, respectively, IAD‐ and CTL consistent cytology and were excluded; as were 44 horses because of evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage. TNF‐α (56 ± 115 pg/mL; P = .034) and IFN‐γ concentrations (104 ± 247 pg/mL; P = .044) were significantly higher for IAD horses, compared with controls (respectively 19 ± 41 and 80 ± 116 pg/mL). Horses with ‘neutrophil’ subtype had significantly higher IFN‐γ concentrations (110 ± 154 pg/mL), than ‘neutrophil/metachromatic’ (56 ± 54 pg/mL; P = .028) and ‘neutrophil/metachromatic/eosinophil’ subtypes (44 ± 23 pg/mL; P = .012).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Cytokine concentrations in BALF suggested that neutrophilic IAD is associated with activation of the innate immune system and a possible T‐helper (Th)‐1 polarized response. This study also suggested that immunological pathways vary according to cytological IAD subtypes. 相似文献10.
Relationship of Plasma N‐terminal Pro‐brain Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations to Heart Failure Classification and Cause of Respiratory Distress in Dogs Using a 2nd Generation ELISA Assay 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 P.R. Fox M.A. Oyama M.J. Hezzell J.E. Rush T.P. Nguyenba T.C. DeFrancesco L.B. Lehmkuhl H.B. Kellihan B. Bulmer S.G. Gordon S.M. Cunningham J. MacGregor R.L. Stepien B. Lefbom D. Adin K. Lamb 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):171-179
Background
Cardiac biomarkers provide objective data that augments clinical assessment of heart disease (HD).Hypothesis/Objectives
Determine the utility of plasma N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide concentration [NT‐proBNP] measured by a 2nd generation canine ELISA assay to discriminate cardiac from noncardiac respiratory distress and evaluate HD severity.Animals
Client‐owned dogs (n = 291).Methods
Multicenter, cross‐sectional, prospective investigation. Medical history, physical examination, echocardiography, and thoracic radiography classified 113 asymptomatic dogs (group 1, n = 39 without HD; group 2, n = 74 with HD), and 178 with respiratory distress (group 3, n = 104 respiratory disease, either with or without concurrent HD; group 4, n = 74 with congestive heart failure [CHF]). HD severity was graded using International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) and ACVIM Consensus (ACVIM‐HD) schemes without knowledge of [NT‐proBNP] results. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis assessed the capacity of [NT‐proBNP] to discriminate between dogs with cardiac and noncardiac respiratory distress. Multivariate general linear models containing key clinical variables tested associations between [NT‐proBNP] and HD severity.Results
Plasma [NT‐proBNP] (median; IQR) was higher in CHF dogs (5,110; 2,769–8,466 pmol/L) compared to those with noncardiac respiratory distress (1,287; 672–2,704 pmol/L; P < .0001). A cut‐off >2,447 pmol/L discriminated CHF from noncardiac respiratory distress (81.1% sensitivity; 73.1% specificity; area under curve, 0.84). A multivariate model comprising left atrial to aortic ratio, heart rate, left ventricular diameter, end‐systole, and ACVIM‐HD scheme most accurately associated average plasma [NT‐proBNP] with HD severity.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma [NT‐proBNP] was useful for discriminating CHF from noncardiac respiratory distress. Average plasma [NT‐BNP] increased significantly as a function of HD severity using the ACVIM‐HD classification scheme. 相似文献11.
Cardiac Troponin I as Compared to Troponin T for the Detection of Myocardial Damage in Horses 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 N. Van Der Vekens A. Decloedt S. Ven D. De Clercq G. van Loon 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):348-354
Background
Different cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assays give different results. Only 1 manufacturer has marketed troponin T (cTnT) assays. Therefore, cTnT often is preferred for detection of myocardial infarction in human patients. Studies of cTnT in horses are limited.Objectives
To compare a cTnI and a high‐sensitive cTnT assay (hs‐cTnT) in horses.Animals
Cardiac troponin I and cTnT were determined in 35 healthy horses (group 1), 23 horses suspected to have primary myocardial damage (group 2a), and 41 horses with secondary myocardial damage caused by structural heart disease (group 2b).Methods
All cTnI samples were analyzed at laboratory A (limit of detection [LOD]: 0.03 ng/mL), whereas cTnT samples were analyzed at 2 laboratories with the same hs‐cTnT assay (laboratory B, LOD: 10.0 pg/mL; laboratory C, LOD: 4.0 pg/mL).Results
The median cTnI concentration in group 2a (0.90 ng/mL; range, 0.03–58.27 ng/mL) was significantly higher (P < .001) than in group 1 (0.03 ng/mL; range, 0.03–0.09 ng/mL) or group 2b (0.05 ng/mL; range, 0.03–30.92 ng/mL), and the optimal cut‐off for detection of primary myocardial damage was 0.095 ng/mL (sensitivity: 90.5%, specificity: 100%). Using an LOD of 10.0 pg/mL for all cTnT samples, a cut‐off value of 10.5 pg/mL was found, but sensitivity was low (42.9%). When only samples analyzed at laboratory C (n = 58) were included, a cut‐off of 6.6 pg/mL was found (sensitivity: 81%, specificity: 100%).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Despite large quantitative differences, cTnI and cTnT are both useful for detection of myocardial damage in horses. 相似文献12.
S. Bosshard V. Gerber 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):618-623
Background
It is often assumed that horses with mild respiratory clinical signs, such as mucous nasal discharge and occasional coughing, have an increased risk of developing recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).Hypothesis
Compared to horses without any clinical signs of respiratory disease, those with occasional coughing, mucous nasal discharge, or both have an increased risk of developing signs of RAO (frequent coughing, increased breathing effort, exercise intolerance, or a combination of these) as characterized by the Horse Owner Assessed Respiratory Signs Index (HOARSI 1–4).Animals
Two half‐sibling families descending from 2 RAO‐affected stallions (n = 65 and n = 47) and an independent replication population of unrelated horses (n = 88).Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, standardized information on occurrence and frequency of coughing, mucous nasal discharge, poor performance, and abnormal breathing effort—and these factors combined in the HOARSI—as well as management factors were collected at intervals of 1.3–5 years.Results
Compared to horses without clinical signs of respiratory disease (half‐siblings 7%; unrelated horses 3%), those with mild respiratory signs developed clinical signs of RAO more frequently: half‐siblings with mucous nasal discharge 35% (P < .001, OR: 7.0, sensitivity: 62%, specificity: 81%), with mucous nasal discharge and occasional coughing 43% (P < .001, OR: 9.9, sensitivity: 55%, specificity: 89%); unrelated horses with occasional coughing: 25% (P = .006, OR = 9.7, sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 76%).Conclusions and Clinical importance
Occasional coughing and mucous nasal discharge might represent an increased risk of developing RAO. 相似文献13.
Antiarrhythmic and Electrophysiologic Effects of Flecainide on Acutely Induced Atrial Fibrillation in Healthy Horses 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M.M. Haugaard S. Pehrson H. Carstensen M. Flethøj E.Z. Hesselkilde K.F. Præstegaard J.G. Diness M. Grunnet T. Jespersen R. Buhl 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):339-347
Background
Only few pharmacologic compounds have been validated for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in horses. Studies investigating the utility and safety of flecainide to treat AF in horses have produced conflicting results, and the antiarrhythmic mechanisms of flecainide are not fully understood.Objectives
To study the potential of flecainide to terminate acutely induced AF of short duration (≥15 minutes), to examine flecainide‐induced changes in AF duration and AF vulnerability, and to investigate the in vivo effects of flecainide on right atrial effective refractory period, AF cycle length, and ventricular depolarization and repolarization.Animals
Nine Standardbred horses. Eight received flecainide, 3 were used as time‐matched controls, 2 of which also received flecainide.Methods
Prospective study. The antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic effects of flecainide were based on 5 parameters: ability to terminate acute pacing‐induced AF (≥15 minutes), and drug‐induced changes in atrial effective refractory period, AF duration, AF vulnerability, and ventricular depolarization and repolarization times. Parameters were assessed at baseline and after flecainide by programmed electrical stimulation methods.Results
Flecainide terminated all acutely induced AF episodes (n = 7); (AF duration, 21 ± 5 minutes) and significantly decreased the AF duration, but neither altered atrial effective refractory period nor AF vulnerability significantly. Ventricular repolarization time was prolonged between 8 and 20 minutes after initiation of flecainide infusion, but no ventricular arrhythmias were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Flecainide had clear antiarrhythmic properties in terminating acute pacing‐induced AF, but showed no protective properties against immediate reinduction of AF. Flecainide caused temporary prolongation in the ventricular repolarization, which may be a proarrhythmic effect. 相似文献14.
K.R. Mullen M.C. Furness A.L. Johnson T.E. Norman K.A. Hart A.J. Burton R.C. Bicahlo D.M. Ainsworth M.S. Thompson P.V. Scrivani 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):954-960
Background
The study was prompted by a perceived high prevalence of myelographic complications varying in severity and type, and attributed to the contrast material or the procedure.Hypotheses
1. Any adverse reaction (AAR) is associated with a change in CSF volume induced either by removal of CSF or addition of contrast material. 2. AAR occurs more frequently in horses with higher premyelography neurologic grade. 3. Nonspecific hyperthermia is attenuated by anti‐inflammatory and osmotic agents.Animals
Horses (n = 278) that underwent myelography between 2000 and 2012 at 5 institutions: A (87), B (68), C (65), D (46), and E (12).Methods
Multi‐institutional, retrospective, observational cross‐sectional study.Results
AAR were observed in 95/278 (34%) horses, were associated with longer general anesthesia time (P = .04) and higher contrast‐medium volume (P = .04); euthanasia because of AAR was performed in 5/278 (2%) horses. Adverse neurologic reactions were the most common type of complication observed occurring in 15/278 (5%) and 42/235 (18%) of horses in the intra‐ and postmyelography periods. A relationship between AAR and premyelography neurologic grade was not identified (P = .31). Nonspecific hyperthermia was observed in 25/235 (11%) horses; no relationship was observed with administration of anti‐inflammatory drugs and osmotic agents (P = .30).Conclusions and clinical importance
The category of AAR occurred in one‐third of the horses generally was mild and self‐limiting. These reactions were associated with increased contrast‐medium volume and longer anesthesia time; but, no specific procedural recommendations could be made because of small odds ratios (OR) of <2 for each 1 mL increase in contrast material and for each 1 minute of additional anesthesia time. 相似文献15.
J.S.W. Prutton S.L. Marks M. Aleman 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1105-1111
Background
Medical treatment of esophageal strictures in horses is limited and the use of balloon dilatation is described in few cases. Long‐term follow up after balloon dilatation and the use of intralesional corticosteroids has not been evaluated.Objectives
To describe the use of endoscopic guided, esophageal balloon dilatation in horses for cervical and thoracic esophageal strictures and administration of intralesional corticosteroids at the time of dilatation.Animals
Nine horses from the hospital population with benign esophageal strictures.Methods
Retrospective study: Medical records were reviewed from horses presented to the William R. Pritchard, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at UC Davis from 2002 to 2013. Records were searched using the key words: equine, horse, balloon dilatation, bougienage, and esophageal stricture.Results
Nine horses with esophageal strictures were treated with esophageal balloon dilatation. Five horses survived (survival at writing ranged from 2 to 11 years after discharge) and all nonsurvivors were <1 year of age and presented with concurrent problems or developed complications including megaesophagus, unresolved esophageal obstruction requiring esophagostomy, or severe aspiration pneumonia. Four horses were treated with intralesional corticosteroids with no adverse effects noted in the survivors (n = 3). Four horses available for long‐term follow up were alive at 2, 5, 6, and 11 years after presentation and 3 of these horses were being fed a hay‐based diet.Conclusions
Resolution of esophageal strictures in the horse can be performed successfully, safely, and under standing sedation using balloon dilatation. Intralesional corticosteroids might reduce the incidence of recurrent strictures. 相似文献16.
Early Tumor Response to Intraarterial or Intravenous Administration of Carboplatin to Treat Naturally Occurring Lower Urinary Tract Carcinoma in Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 W.T.N. Culp C. Weisse A.C. Berent J.A. Reetz E.L. Krick D.E. Jackson P.H. Kass C.A. Clifford K.U. Sorenmo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):900-907
Background
Survival times and tumor responses associated with malignant neoplasia of the lower urinary tract are poor despite the vast array of current treatments. Therefore, the evaluation of alternative treatments, such as intraarterial administration of chemotherapy (IAC) should be considered.Objective
To describe a technique for superselective catheterization for IAC and to evaluate initial tumor response by ultrasonography after both IAC and intravenous administration of chemotherapy (IVC).Animals
Client‐owned dogs with lower urinary tract neoplasia treated with either IVC (n = 15) or IAC (n = 11).Methods
Retrospective study. An arterial approach via the carotid or femoral artery was utilized to obtain superselective access and administer chemotherapy in the IAC cases. Medical record review was performed, data were recorded, and recorded variables were evaluated statistically.Results
Intraarterial chemotherapy was successfully administered in all cases. There was a significantly greater decrease in longest unidimensional measurement in the IAC group as compared to the IVC group (P = .013). The IAC group was also significantly more likely to have a tumor response as assessed by modified RECIST guidelines (P = .049). Dogs in the IAC group were significantly less likely to develop anemia (P = .001), lethargy (P = .010) and anorexia (P = .024).Conclusion and Clinical Importance
This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of performing IAC for lower urinary tract neoplasia. Further investigation is necessary as the follow‐up time was short and the impact on long‐term outcome and survival was not determined. 相似文献17.
A.P. Pacheco M.R. Paradis A.M. Hoffman P. Hermida A. Sanchez J.A. Nadeau M. Tufts M.R. Mazan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):603-608
Background
Despite the increasing number of geriatric horses attended by veterinarians, there is a lack of understanding of aging‐related changes on the respiratory system of horses.Objective
To identify aging‐related changes on the respiratory function and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology of horses.Animals
Fifteen healthy young adult (2–11 years) and 16 healthy aged (≥20 years) horses.Methods
The respiratory system was examined by measurement of arterial blood gases (ABG), use of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) for assessment of breathing pattern and ventilatory parameters, histamine bronchoprovocation, and BALF cytology.Results
No significant differences were detected with regard to values obtained by ABG or bronchoprovocation of young adult and aged healthy horses. In aged horses, there were significant differences in mean ± SD of the following parameters when compared to young horses: prolonged expiratory time (Te) measured by RIP (3.9 ± 1.5 s versus 3.0 ± 0.6 s), decreased percentage of alveolar macrophages (40.6 ± 11.3% versus 53.5 ± 9.6%), and increased percentage of lymphocytes (53.4 ± 9.5% versus 43.9 ± 11.0%). No correlations between airway reactivity and ventilatory parameters, ABG, or BALF cytology were found in this asymptomatic population.Conclusions
These results suggest that aging does not cause changes in the results obtained by ABG, most RIP‐derived variables, and bronchoprovocation in the horse. A decreased percentage of macrophage and an increased percentage of lymphocytes in the BALF cytology may be expected in the asymptomatic geriatric horse and may be a result of aging. 相似文献18.
H. Titmarsh A.G. Gow S. Kilpatrick J. Sinclair T. Hill E. Milne A. Philbey J. Berry I. Handel R.J. Mellanby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1473-1478
Background
Dogs with a chronic enteropathy (CE) have a lower vitamin D status, than do healthy dogs. Vitamin D status has been associated with a negative clinical outcome in humans with inflammatory bowel disease.Objectives
To examine the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations at diagnosis and clinical outcome in dogs with a CE.Animals
Forty‐one dogs diagnosed with CE admitted to the Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals between 2007 and 2013.Methods
Retrospective review. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were compared between dogs which were alive at follow up or had died because of non‐CE‐related reasons (survivors) and dogs which died or were euthanized due to their CE (non‐survivors). A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant predictors of death in dogs with CE.Results
Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D at the time a CE was diagnosed were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (n = 15) (median nonsurvivors 4.36 ng/mL, interquartile range 1.6–17.0 ng/mL), median survivors (n = 26) (24.9 ng/mL interquartile range 15.63–39.45 ng/mL, P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was a significant predictor of death in dogs with CE (odds ratio 1.08 [95% CI 1.02–1.18)]).Conclusions
Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at diagnosis are predictive of outcome in dogs with CE. The role of vitamin D in the initiation and outcome of chronic enteropathies in dogs is deserving of further study. 相似文献19.
Voluntary Surveillance Program for Equine Influenza Virus in the United States from 2010 to 2013 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 N. Pusterla P.H. Kass S. Mapes C. Wademan N. Akana C. Barnett C. MacKenzie W. Vaala 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):417-422
Background
Recent surveillance studies for equine respiratory viruses have shown that equine influenza virus (EIV) continues to be a prevalent respiratory virus of equids throughout the United States and Europe.Objectives
To gain a better understanding of the prevalence and epidemiology of EIV shed by horses, mules and donkeys in the United States from March 2010 to November 2013.Animals
2,605 equids.Methods
Nasal secretions from index cases with acute onset of respiratory disease were tested by qPCR for EIV. Multilevel logistic regression was used to model the association between EIV status and prevalence factors. Furthermore, observations from EIV‐positive study horses were compared to previous data from March 2008 to February 2010.Results
A total of 230 (9.7%) index cases tested qPCR positive for EIV. A higher‐than‐expected proportion of EIV qPCR‐positive horses occurred in the 1–5, 6–10, and 11–15 age groups when compared to the <1 year of age group. Fever, nasal discharge and coughing were positively associated with EIV‐positive horses. EIV qPCR‐positive study cases were significantly older and more often vaccinated against EIV compared to EIV qPCR‐positive animals from the 2008‐2010 study period.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
This study provides valuable and contemporary information on the frequency of EIV detected by qPCR in the United States. The results also underscore that older and previously vaccinated horses were susceptible to EIV. 相似文献20.
Changes in Systolic Blood Pressure over Time in Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 E.S. Bijsmans R.E. Jepson Y.M. Chang H.M. Syme J. Elliott 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):855-861