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1.
The potential immunostimulatory effects of small peptides on sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Small peptides were injected into sea cucumbers and a control group was injected with equal volume of sterile filtered seawater. The nonspecific humoral and cellular responses were determined, respectively, and sea cucumbers were challenged by Vibrio splendidus. The results showed that test groups significantly enhanced most of the immune parameters tested (P < 0.05). Both phagocytic capacity and respiratory burst activity were up to maximum value on the fourth day and the values were 2.3 and 1.4 times as high as the control group, respectively. However, small peptides had no significant effect on total coelomocytes counts. Among the humoral responses, the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and superoxide dismutase were up to maximum value on the fourth, fourthth and seventh day, respectively. The values were 2.3, 2.2, and 2.0 times as high as the control group, respectively. At the end of the challenge, the cumulative mortality rate of sea cucumber injected with 0.5 mg small peptides (43.3%) was significantly lower than the control group (66.7%). In conclusion, small peptides as an additive could improve the nonspecific immunity level of Apostichopus japonicus.  相似文献   

2.
研究了不同温度(4、8、12、16、20、24℃和温度突变)下干露对刺参体壁非特异性免疫的影响。结果表明,在温度20和24℃条件下干露24h后,刺参全部死亡,其余处理组刺参成活率为100%。刺参体壁水解酶类和抗氧化指标对于不同温度下干露胁迫具有不同的响应:(1)在本研究的温度范围内,刺参体壁酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性总体随温度升高而增高,随干露时间的延长而逐渐下降;(2)刺参体壁中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和总抗氧化(T-AOC)活性等抗氧化指标呈现随温度的升高先增强,再逐渐下降的趋势,以16℃为最高。对于干露胁迫时间的响应,抗氧化酶活性等则在低温时(4~16℃)呈现先升高,然后逐渐下降的趋势,在高温(20和24℃)干露胁迫下,则呈现持续下降的趋势。(3)而模拟干法运输的刺参非特异性免疫指标的响应,总体上与12~16℃下干露胁迫相当,而且4~24h之内,其AKP、SOD活性和T-AOC和MDA数值基本保持稳定。本研究结果表明,刺参干法运输中保持适当的低温可有效降低刺参的胁迫反应,提高刺参运输的成活率。  相似文献   

3.
盐度和溶解氧对刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
测定了不同盐度(20、25、30、35、40)和不同溶氧水平(充空气,DO 7~9mg/L)充纯氧,DO15~20mg/L;不充气,DO 2~5mg/L)对刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化的影响。盐度试验结果表明,盐度急性变化会引起刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM活性的升高和SOD活性降低,其中第10天时盐度对酶活性的影响最大。溶氧试验显示,过饱和溶氧(DO 15~20mg/L)可使刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM、SOD活性维持在较高水平,不充气组(DO 2~5mg/L)刺参体腔液中ACP、AKP、LZM活性出现短暂升高。恢复性试验中,盐度20、25组对AKP活性和盐度20、40组对SOD活性的影响未恢复到初始水平,其余实验组均能恢复至初始水平,说明低盐对刺参免疫力的影响较大。充纯氧组刺参的AKP活性显著高于充空气组,表明高溶解氧水平在一定程度上提高了刺参免疫力。  相似文献   

4.
The immune‐related enzymes in marine animals are very sensitive to divalent metal ions. To investigate the roles divalent metal ions play in the influence on the immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, one of the most important commercial species in Asian countries, the effects of eight divalent metal ions at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mmol L?1 on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenoloxidase (PO), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in coelomic fluid were determined with the nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) method, dopachrome formation method, p‐nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) method and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) method. The results indicated that Mg2+ enhanced the activities of SOD, PO, ACP and AKP significantly and showed no obvious effect on MPO activity; Zn2+ increased the activities of SOD, ACP and AKP, and showed no obvious effect on the activities of PO and MPO; Cu2+ enhanced the activities of ACP, AKP and MPO and activated SOD and PO at a certain concentration range; Ca2+ and Mn2+ inhibited the activities of ACP and AKP; Fe2+ had strong inhibitory effect on SOD activity; Pb2+ showed inhibitions on the activities of SOD, PO, ACP and AKP; and Cd2+ inhibited MPO activity greatly. The data obtained in this study collectively suggest that Mg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ have potential in promotion of A. japonicus immunity, while Ca2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ might be limiting factors to the immune response of A. japonicus.  相似文献   

5.
壳寡糖是良好的免疫增强剂,但在水生动物的应用还十分有限。本研究通过间隔投喂方式研究壳寡糖对仿刺参生长性能、非特异性免疫能力、消化能力、组织学和抗病力的影响。实验挑选体质量(18.51 ± 0.28)g仿刺参,对照组饲喂基础饲料,实验组以3天1次的饲喂频率饲喂含0.5%的壳寡糖饲料,其余时间饲喂基础饲料,进行8周的养殖试验后,测定该饲喂方式下仿刺参的生长性能、非特异性免疫能力、肠道消化酶、肠道和呼吸树组织学以及对灿烂弧菌的抗病力。结果显示,3天1次的饲喂频率下,仿刺参特定生长率和存活率几乎未受影响,但显著提高了脏壁比和肠壁比(P < 0.05);在免疫指标方面,显著提高了仿刺参体腔细胞的吞噬活性和呼吸爆发能力(P < 0.05),以及体腔细胞和肠道的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)和总一氧化氮合酶(T-NOS)的活性(P < 0.05),其中肠道AKP和LZM活性分别提高了70.06%和156%,且acp、akp、lzm基因表达量显著提高(P < 0.05),其中肠道akp和lzm基因表达量分别提高了13.47%和22.36%;抗氧化指标结果显示,显著提高了仿刺参体腔细胞过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P < 0.05),而体腔细胞和肠道的丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著差异(P > 0.05);组织学结果显示,该饲喂频率显著提高了前肠肌肉层厚度和浆膜层厚度,中肠和后肠的皱襞高度和宽度;灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus)攻毒结果显示,实验组仿刺参的相对保护率达到66.67%。综上,3天1次的饲喂频率能够一定程度上提高仿刺参的生长性能,非特异性免疫酶活性,明显改善肠道结构,研究结果可为壳寡糖对仿刺参作用机制的研究及投喂频率的确定提供数据支撑和理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)配合饲料中添加不同比例(10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％)的甘薯块根粉与甘薯茎蔓粉,测定了添加2种甘薯饲料成分对刺参生长和非特异性免疫力的影响.结果显示,在50 d实验期间,投喂添加甘薯块根粉饲料的实验组刺参平均体重随实验时间呈上升趋势,实验结束时,添加20％甘薯块根粉组终末体重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),10％、30％组特定生长率(SGR)与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);投喂添加10％甘薯茎蔓粉的实验组刺参SGR与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05),其余各组SGR均低于对照组(P＜0.05).投喂添加10％、20％甘薯块根粉饲料的实验组刺参体腔液中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);投喂添加10％甘薯茎蔓粉饲料的实验组ACP显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),刺参体腔液中的溶菌酶(LZM)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、CAT和AKP与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).研究表明,当甘薯块根与茎蔓的添加比例分别在30％和20％以下时,可满足刺参的营养需求,促进或保证刺参的生长,提高刺参免疫能力.  相似文献   

7.
本研究通过测定盐度为14~40条件下,刺参"参优1号"苗种的生长、存活、呼吸代谢及非特异性免疫酶活性差异,确定其适宜和最适盐度条件及其盐度适应机制。结果显示,盐度为23~40时,30 d苗种的存活率(SR)均为100%;盐度在16以下时,苗种全部死亡。盐度为23~40时,苗种的特定生长率(SGR)为正值;盐度为29~37时,SGR较高,为0.9932%/d,盐度为20以下时,SGR降为负值。耗氧率(R_O)和排氨率(R_N)随盐度的变化呈现出以32为波谷"M"型变化,盐度为32条件下的R_O和R_N分别为0.0130和0.00138 mg/(g·h)。不同盐度组刺参的O:N值均为8左右,O:N值随盐度升高无显著差异。盐度的升高和降低会引起刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),在苗种适应盐度胁迫过程中,各盐度组SOD活性的峰值一般在0 d出现,而ACP、AKP活性在第10天出现峰值,LZM活性的峰值在10~20 d。研究表明,刺参"参优1号"适宜的生长盐度为23~40,最适盐度范围为29~37,盐度变化会导致苗种呼吸代谢和免疫酶活性的变化,研究结果将为刺参"参优1号"苗种的推广提供科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
为了探究饥饿胁迫对刺参免疫和生长的影响,在11?13℃条件下,研究体质量为(20±0.15) g的刺参在不同时间(0、10、20、30、40、50、60 d),饥饿胁迫对体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性、溶菌酶(LZM)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、呼吸爆发(RB)活性、吞噬活性以及对刺参体质量、脏壁比、存活率的影响。研究结果表明,随着饥饿时间的延长,刺参体腔液中的ACP活性、LZM活性呈现降低的趋势,饥饿60 d后,比初始值分别下降47.06%、17.57%;SOD活性、RB活性和吞噬活性呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,分别在饥饿胁迫第20、20、10天时达到最高值依次为32.88、0.328、1.35 U/ml,其后显著下降,第60天时显著低于初始值,分别下降27.87%、38.08%、53.43%;其体质量在第60天时为初始体质量的68.08%,呈现负生长;脏壁比逐渐增大,第60天时为0.56,显著高于初始值0.44 (P<0.05)。随着存储营养物质的消耗,刺参体质量损失率增加,存活率下降,存活率与体质量损失率之间存在着y = ?0.0354x2+0.4354x 99.117的函数关系,呈二次曲线线性负相关。研究结果显示,饥饿时刺参通过消耗体内的营养物质来满足机体需要,长期的饥饿有可能降低刺参的免疫能力,直接影响刺参的健康和生长。  相似文献   

9.
We report the effect of transport stress on the immune responses of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The total coelomocytes counts, phagocytosis activity, reactive oxygen species production, acid phosphatase activity, phenoloxidase activity and catecholamine levels were measured in A. japonicus following both damp and water transportation methods. With both transport methods, stress resulted in significant elevation of catecholamine levels. Total coelomocytes counts increased following transportation, whereas phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production decreased. Damp transport significantly depressed acid phosphatase and phenoloxidase activity in A. japonicus. However, there were no significant differences in acid phosphatase and phenoloxidase activity after water transportation. These results show that transport stress induces modifications in the immune system of A. japonicus and that damp transport elicited more severe stress than water transport. This study increased understanding of the mechanism of transport stress inducing neuroendocrine responses and immune modification in A. japonicus. The information obtained should be helpful to optimize transport process in sea cucumber culture.  相似文献   

10.
嗜酸小球菌对凡纳滨对虾体液免疫因子的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
在饲料中添加不同剂量的嗜酸小球菌投喂凡纳滨对虾,并在投喂后的20、40和60d,分别测定凡纳滨对虾血清中的一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、溶菌活力(Bacteriolytic activity)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP),并分析了这5种酶之间的相关性。结果显示,嗜酸小球菌能有效提高凡纳滨对虾体内的NOS、溶菌活力、T-SOD、ACP、AKP的活性;NOS与溶菌活力存在显著正相关性(P<0.05),与SOD存在显著负相关性,溶菌活力与AKP存在显著负相关性。表明在饲料中添加适量的嗜酸小球菌(剂量10mg/kg)可使凡纳滨对虾体液免疫因子活力到达较高的水平;凡纳滨对虾血清中一氧化氮合酶对于嗜酸小球菌的添加量较为敏感,可作为评价嗜酸小球菌使用效果的指标之一。  相似文献   

11.
In aquaculture, hypoxia is an important stressor that can inhibit the healthy development of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. The aim of this work was to research on how hypoxia (1 mg/L) followed by reoxygenation affects the immune response and carbohydrate metabolism in the Chinese mitten crab. The activities of immune‐related enzymes including lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and phenoloxidase (PO) and concentration changes in haemolymph glucose, trehalose and hepatic glycogen were evaluated after 8 hr of hypoxia followed by 12 hr of reoxygenation. After 8 hr of hypoxia, the activities of LZM, PO, SOD and hepatic glycogen concentration significantly decreased to the minimum when compared to the control group, but the activities of ACP and AKP, and haemolymph glucose concentration significantly increased. After 12 hr of reoxygenation, the activities of LZM, ACP, AKP and SOD recovered to the normal level except SOD in plasma, while the PO, SOD in plasma and hepatic glycogen concentration were still significantly lower than the control level. No significant change was observed in trehalose concentration during hypoxia and reoxygenation periods. These results indicated that although the activities of ACP and AKP were likely increased to facilitate the hydrolysis of foreign matter, the overall strength of the immune response was decreased as LZM, PO and SOD activities were suppressed after exposure to hypoxic conditions. The energy stores of exposed crabs were reduced due to the expenditure of energy during exposure to hypoxic stress. In general, chronic hypoxia would impair the immunocompetence and increase the energy expenditure of Chinese mitten crab, further increased the risk of pathogen infection and feed coefficient, so the negative effects of hypoxia should not be ignored.  相似文献   

12.
应用浓度为108CFU/ml的0.4%甲醛灭活鰤鱼诺卡氏菌Nocardia seriolea,经超声波破碎后对乌鳢进行腹腔注射,剂量为0.5 ml/尾,对照组同法等量注射灭菌生理盐水。分别于实验第0、3、6、9、12、15、18、21天抽取乌鳢血液,测定其血细胞数、血清总蛋白含量及血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活性。结果显示,注射灭活鱼师鱼诺卡氏菌后,乌鳢血细胞数呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在实验第12天时注射组血细胞数显著高于对照组;血清总蛋白含量在实验第9天后均高于对照组;血清碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、超氧化物歧化酶和溶菌酶等活性在实验时间内均发生了显著的变化。研究结果表明,灭活菌苗的刺激能引起乌醴血细胞的增殖以及血清中各非特异性免疫指标的变化,从而提高机体自身的免疫保护力。  相似文献   

13.
以初始平均体重为(12.5±2.0)g的刺参为研究对象,在室内玻璃钢桶内进行了56 d饲喂实验。以基础饲料为对照组(A),研究基础饲料中分别添加0.5%(B)、1.25%(C)、2.0%(D)的裂壶藻对刺参生长、免疫及消化酶的影响。结果表明,C组、D组可显著提高刺参的特定生长率(SGR)(P0.05)。C组和D组刺参体腔液碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、吞噬活性、肠道淀粉酶均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。C组的体腔液呼吸爆发活性和肠道蛋白酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。B组的AKP、LZM、肠道淀粉酶活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。饲料中添加裂壶藻各处理组刺参成活率均为100%。实验结果表明,1.25%-2.0%裂壶藻添加量可显著提高刺参的生长速度和免疫酶活性;饲料中添加1.25%裂壶藻能够显著增加刺参肠道的蛋白酶、淀粉酶的消化活性:裂壶藻有作为刺参营养添加剂的应用前景。  相似文献   

14.
为探讨益生菌制剂对仿刺参生长、消化和免疫功能的影响,选用分离自仿刺参肠道的地衣芽孢杆菌作为潜在的益生菌株进行仿刺参投喂试验.选择初始体质量为(7.17±0.86)g的仿刺参为试验对象,设计空白对照组及益生菌处理组进行投喂.益生菌在饲料中的添加密度分别为105、107、109、1011 cfu/g,每10 d测定相关指标...  相似文献   

15.
对日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)进行鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)悬液和生理盐水(对照)注射感染,研究其血清免疫因子超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,并对试验结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,注射鳗弧菌悬液组SOD活性12、24、48h均高于对照组,48h达到最高;CAT活性12、24h增加非常明显,12h达最高;AKP活性5、12、24h都有增加,均高于对照,24h最高;ACP活性12h开始上升,24h达最高。在人工感染鳗弧菌48h内,日本蟳体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中SOD、ACP、AKP、CAT活性在不同时间段均有显著升高趋势,高于对照组水平。  相似文献   

16.
The physiological responses to different environmental salinities were assessed in juveniles of large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea. This species shows a good capacity to adapt to comparatively low environmental salinities by evaluating some physiological responses, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lysozyme (LZM) in the liver, spleen, gill and kidney respectively. Growth and survival at salinity 5‰, 10‰ and 25‰ were better than those at salinity 15‰ and 20‰. No significant differences in ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM in the liver were observed among different salinity treatments; SOD, AKP and LZM in the spleen among different treatments only showed significant differences at the beginning or the 2nd week; in the gill, no significant difference of AKP and LZM were observed during the whole experiment, SOD among different treatments showed significant difference at the beginning and the 8th week, and ACP only showed significant difference at the end of the experiment; in the kidney, significant differences in ACP, AKP and SOD among different salinities were merely observed at the end of experiment, and LZM showed significant difference among different treatments at the 2nd week. Overall, some slight stress responses were observed, but few significant differences were observed between low salinity and normal salinity, especially the growth and physiological functions were not influenced by low salinity, i.e. 5‰ and 10‰. We conclude that juvenile large yellow croaker is tolerant to low salinity and shows a potential for low salinity culture.  相似文献   

17.
向对虾配合饲料中添加不同剂量的诺氟沙星投喂中国对虾7d,分析不同时间诺氟沙星对中国对虾肌肉及鳃溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性的影响.结果表明,15mg/kg诺氟沙星可以显著抑制中国对虾肌肉SOD活力(P＜0.05),而对鳃SOD活力则整体呈现促进作用,该浓度组肌肉和鳃CAT及LSZ活力整体高于对照组,而AKP和ACP活力则显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);30 mg/kg诺氟沙星对中国对虾肌肉SOD活力呈现先抑制后促进的作用,而对鳃SOD活力则整体呈现抑制作用,该组肌肉和鳃CAT活力显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),肌肉LSZ活力呈现先下降后上升的趋势,而鳃LSZ活力则与对照组没有显著差异;向饲料中添加60 mg/kg诺氟沙星对中国对虾肌肉、鳃SOD、CAT、LSZ活力整体呈现促进作用,而对AKP和ACP活性则呈现显著抑制作用(P＜0.05).  相似文献   

18.
复方中草药对杂色鲍幼鲍血淋巴中几种酶活力的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
将12种中草药按其不同的药理作用和药效进行配伍,形成5组复方中草药,分别编号为中草药1～5号。将以上中草药添加到杂色鲍幼鲍的人工配合饲料中,连续喂饲幼鲍,饲养47d后,测定幼鲍无细胞血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶茵酶(LSZ)活力。结果显示,所有添加中草药的sOD活力均比对照组降低,中草药1、5号可提高幼鲍血淋巴的ACP和LSZ活力,而对AKP则起到降低的作用;中草药3、4号可提高幼鲍血淋巴的LSZ活力,却降低幼鲍血淋巴的ACP和AKP活力,中草药2号对ACP、AKP和LSZ活力均有提高作用,具有较突出的促进杂色鲍幼鲍免疫酶活力的功能。  相似文献   

19.
以初始体重为(6.77±0.01)g的仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)为实验对象,在基础饲料中添加1％不同分子量的壳聚糖,分子量分别为35 kDa和400 kDa,进行为期56d的养殖实验,研究低分子壳聚糖(LMWC)和高分子壳聚糖(HMWC)对仿刺参生长和免疫相关酶活性的影响.结果显示,不同分子量的壳聚糖对仿刺参的生长均有促进作用,且LMWC能显著促进刺参的特定生长率(SGR)(P＜0.05).饲料中添加不同分子量壳聚糖,刺参体腔细胞中的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性比对照组均显著增高(P＜0.05).LMWC可显著增强刺参体腔细胞中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性(P＜0.05),并能提高碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性.HMWC对刺参体腔细胞中AKP和NOS活性均有显著增强作用(P＜0.05).研究表明,在刺参饲料中添加一定量的壳聚糖,对其生长和相关免疫酶活性有促进作用.  相似文献   

20.
对中华绒螯蟹进行颤抖病病毒悬液和PBS(对照)注射感染,研究其血清免疫因子抗菌活性(Ua)、溶菌活性(UL)、凝集活性(HA)、酚氧化酶(PO)、过氧化酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(S0D)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性的变化,并对实验的结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,在中华绒螯蟹人工感染颤抖病病毒后,蟹体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中Ua、UL活性先是降低,然后上升至高于正常值水平。P0活性先上升然后下降至低于正常值水平,POD、HA、SOD活性逐渐升高至显著水平;ACP及AKP活性则显著下降。  相似文献   

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