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1.
W.‐L. Hsu Y.‐S. Lin Y.‐Y. Hu M.‐L. Wong F.‐Y. Lin Y.‐J. Lee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):437-442
Background
Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is released from renal tubular cells after injury and serves in humans as a real‐time indicator of active kidney damage, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, NGAL concentrations in dogs with naturally occurring AKI or CKD rarely have been explored in detail.Hypothesis/Objectives
The goal of this study was to evaluate whether NGAL can serve as a useful biomarker in dogs with naturally occurring renal disease.Animals
Client‐owned dogs with renal disease (57) and control dogs without any disease (12) were examined.Methods
Serum NGAL (sNGAL) and urine NGAL (uNGAL) concentrations were measured in each animal by a newly developed ELISA system. Demographic, hematologic, and serum biochemical data were recorded. Survival attributable to AKI and CKD was evaluated at 30 days and 90 days, respectively.Results
Serum and urine NGAL concentrations in azotemic dogs were significantly higher than in nonazotemic dogs and were highly correlated with serum creatinine concentration (P < .05). Among CKD dogs, death was associated with significantly higher sNGAL and uNGAL concentrations compared with survivors. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that sNGAL was better than serum creatinine concentration when predicting clinical outcomes for CKD dogs (P < .05). The best cutoff point for sNGAL was 50.6 ng/mL, which gave a sensitivity and a specificity of 76.9 and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, dogs that had higher concentrations of sNGAL survived for a significantly shorter time.Conclusion
sNGAL is a useful prognostic marker when evaluating dogs with CKD. 相似文献2.
Predicting Outcome in dogs with Primary Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: Results of a Multicenter Case Registry 
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下载免费PDF全文 R. Goggs S.G. Dennis D.L. Chan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1603-1610
Background
Outcome prediction in dogs with immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is challenging and few prognostic indicators have been consistently identified.Objectives
An online case registry was initiated to: prospectively survey canine IMHA presentation and management in the British Isles; evaluate 2 previously reported illness severity scores, Canine Hemolytic Anemia Score (CHAOS) and Tokyo and to identify independent prognostic markers.Animals
Data from 276 dogs with primary IMHA across 10 referral centers were collected between 2008 and 2012.Methods
Outcome prediction by previously reported illness‐severity scores was tested using univariate logistic regression. Independent predictors of death in hospital or by 30‐days after admission were identified using multivariable logistic regression.Results
Purebreds represented 89.1% dogs (n = 246). Immunosuppressive medications were administered to 88.4% dogs (n = 244), 76.1% (n = 210) received antithrombotics and 74.3% (n = 205) received packed red blood cells. Seventy‐four per cent of dogs (n = 205) were discharged from hospital and 67.7% (n = 187) were alive 30‐days after admission. Two dogs were lost to follow‐up at 30‐days. In univariate analyses CHAOS was associated with death in hospital and death within 30‐days. Tokyo score was not associated with either outcome measure. A model containing SIRS‐classification, ASA classification, ALT, bilirubin, urea and creatinine predicting outcome at discharge was accurate in 82% of cases. ASA classification, bilirubin, urea and creatinine were independently associated with death in hospital or by 30‐days.Conclusions and clinical importance
Markers of kidney function, bilirubin concentration and ASA classification are independently associated with outcome in dogs with IMHA. Validation of this score in an unrelated population is now warranted. 相似文献3.
Serial Evaluation of Abdominal Fluid and Serum Amino‐terminal pro‐C‐type Natriuretic Peptide in Dogs with Septic Peritonitis 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L.V.S. Guieu A.M.E. Bersenas M.K. Holowaychuk B.A. Brisson J.S. Weese 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1300-1306
Background
Serum N‐terminal pro‐C‐natriuretic peptide (NT‐proCNP) has shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker for sepsis. Its sensitivity to detect dogs with septic peritonitis (SP) is reportedly low, perhaps attributable to the compartmentalization of NT‐proCNP in the abdominal cavity.Objectives
To evaluate the use of an ELISA for the measurement of NT‐proCNP in canine abdominal fluid and to describe the peri‐operative pattern of abdominal fluid and serum NT‐proCNP concentrations in dogs with SP.Animals
Five client‐owned dogs with nonseptic abdominal effusion of varying etiologies and 12 client‐owned dogs with SP undergoing abdominal surgery and placement of a closed‐suction abdominal drain (CSAD). Six dogs were included upon hospital admission; 6 were included the day after surgery.Methods
Prospective pilot study. A commercially available ELISA kit was analytically validated for use on canine abdominal fluid. The NT‐proCNP concentrations were measured in the abdominal fluid of control dogs, and in serum and abdominal fluid of dogs with SP from admission for CSAD removal.Results
In dogs with SP, admission abdominal fluid NT‐proCNP concentrations were lower than the concurrent serum concentrations (P = 0.031), and lower than control canine abdominal fluid concentrations (P = 0.015). Postoperatively, abdominal fluid NT‐proCNP concentrations remained lower than serum concentrations (P < 0.050), except on day 4.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The ELISA kit was able to measure NT‐proCNP in canine abdominal fluid. In dogs with SP, low serum NT‐proCNP concentrations cannot be explained by abdominal compartmentalization. 相似文献4.
Pulmonary Vein‐to‐Pulmonary Artery Ratio is an Echocardiographic Index of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs with Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A.‐C. Merveille G. Bolen E. Krafft E. Roels S. Gomart A.‐L. Etienne C. Clercx K. Mc Entee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1502-1509
Background
Early recognition of left‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is important because it influences medical therapy, timing of follow‐up, and outcome.Hypothesis
Pulmonary vein diameter‐to‐pulmonary artery diameter ratio (PV/PA) measured by echocardiography can predict CHF.Animals
Ninety‐eight client‐owned dogs, 37 controls, and 61 dogs with DMVD.Methods
Prospective clinical cohort study. History, physical examination and Doppler‐echocardiography were performed. Dogs were classified as International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council class I, II or III. Congestive heart failure was identified in a subset of 56 dogs based on radiographic findings. The PV/PA was measured in bidimensional (2D) and M‐mode by 2 investigators blinded to the radiologists’ conclusions.Results
Interobserver coefficients of variation for PV/PA acquisition and measurement were <10%. The PV/PA in control dogs was approximately 1 and increased with class of heart failure. The presence of CHF could be best predicted by measuring PV/PA in 2D echocardiography (cut‐off, 1.7; area under the curve, 0.98; CI, 0.97–0.98; P < .001) with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91%.Conclusion and clinical importance
The PV/PA is a simple and reproducible echocardiographic variable that increases with class of heart failure and may help discriminate dogs in CHF from asymptomatic dogs with DMVD. Additional studies are required to determine whether PV/PA might provide additional information in the integrated interpretation of Doppler‐echocardiographic indices of left ventricular filling pressures and could be used for rapid assessment of CHF in dogs in a critical care setting. 相似文献5.
E. Behling‐Kelly 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(6):1692-1698
Background
People with renal disease develop a dyslipidemia that contributes to progression of renal injury and development of cardiovascular disease. Lipoproteins in dogs with renal disease have not been investigated.Hypothesis
Dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have dyslipidemia characterized by increased lower density lipoproteins and decreased high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs). The degree of dyslipidemia is positively correlated with severity of disease, as reflected by serum creatinine concentration.Animals
Prospective study of client‐owned dogs presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals: 29 dogs with confirmed CKD, 5 dogs with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and 12 healthy control dogs presented for routine vaccinations, dental cleaning, or owned by students.Methods
Lipoprotein electrophoresis was used to quantify relative proportions of the 3 main classes of lipoproteins in canine serum: low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL. Serum cholesterol and creatinine concentrations; urinalysis and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio were measured by standard methods.Results
Dyslipidemia was consistently found in dogs with CKD and NS and was characterized by a decrease in HDL and variable increases in LDL and VLDL. Dogs with NS had a proportionately greater increase in the VLDL fraction, as compared with dogs with CKD.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Dyslipidemia similar to that documented in people with renal disease occurs in dogs with CKD, despite serum cholesterol concentrations often being within the reference interval. The contribution of altered lipoproteins to the pathogenesis of renal disease in dogs warrants additional study. 相似文献6.
Relationship between Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor‐23 Concentration and Survival Time in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 R.F. Geddes J. Elliott H.M. Syme 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1494-1501
Background
Fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are commonly increased in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both are predictors of survival time in human patients, but these relationships have not previously been examined in the cat.Objectives
To investigate the relationship between plasma FGF‐23 and PTH concentrations at diagnosis of CKD in cats with survival time and with disease progression over 12 months.Animals
214 azotemic, client‐owned cats (≥9 years).Methods
Retrospective study: Biochemical and urinary variables at diagnosis of azotemic CKD, including plasma FGF‐23 and PTH concentrations were assessed as predictors of survival time (all‐cause mortality) using Cox regression, and as predictors of CKD progression over 12 months using logistic regression.Results
In the final multivariable Cox regression model, survival was negatively associated with plasma creatinine (P = .002) and FGF‐23 concentrations (P = .014), urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (P < .001) and age (P < .001). Survival was positively associated with PCV (P = .004). In the final multivariable logistic regression model, independent predictors of CKD progression included logFGF‐23 and age. Neither plasma phosphate nor PTH was found to be an independent predictor of survival time or of CKD progression.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Plasma FGF‐23 concentration is a novel prognostic indicator in cats with CKD, independent of other factors including plasma creatinine and phosphate concentrations. Further work is required to assess if FGF‐23 contributes directly to CKD progression, but regardless these findings may make FGF‐23 a useful biomarker for predicting poorer outcomes in cats with CKD. 相似文献7.
Atlanto‐Axial Malformation and Instability in Dogs with Pituitary Dwarfism due to an LHX3 Mutation 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A.M.W.Y. Voorbij B.P. Meij L.W.L. van Bruggen G.C.M. Grinwis Q.E.M. Stassen H.S. Kooistra 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(1):207-213
Background
Canine pituitary dwarfism or combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) in shepherd dogs is associated with an LHX3 mutation and can lead to a wide range of clinical manifestations. Some dogs with CPHD have neurological signs that are localized to the cervical spine. In human CPHD, caused by an LHX3 mutation, anatomical abnormalities in the atlanto‐axial (C1‐C2) joint have been described.Objectives
To evaluate the presence of atlanto‐axial malformations in dogs with pituitary dwarfism associated with an LHX3 mutation and to investigate the degree of similarity between the atlanto‐axial anomalies found in canine and human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation.Animals
Three client‐owned Czechoslovakian wolfdogs and 1 client‐owned German shepherd dog, previously diagnosed with pituitary dwarfism caused by an LHX3 mutation, with neurological signs indicating a cervical spinal disorder.Methods
Radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial neck and skull, necropsy, and histology.Results
Diagnostic imaging identified abnormal positioning of the dens axis and incomplete ossification of the suture lines between the ossification centers of the atlas with concurrent atlanto‐axial instability and dynamic compression of the spinal cord by the dens axis. The malformations and aberrant motion at C1–C2 were confirmed at necropsy and histology.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The atlanto‐axial abnormalities of the dwarf dogs resemble those encountered in human CPHD patients with an LHX3 mutation. These findings suggest an association between the LHX3 mutation in dogs with CPHD and atlanto‐axial malformations. Consequently, pituitary dwarfs should be monitored closely for neurological signs. 相似文献8.
9.
S.J. Viitanen A. Lappalainen M.M. Rajamäki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):544-551
Background
Bacterial pneumonia (BP) is an inflammation of the lower airways and lung parenchyma secondary to bacterial infection. The pathogenesis of BP in dogs is complex and the role of canine respiratory viruses has not been fully evaluated.Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of viral co‐infections in dogs with BP and to assess demographic or clinical variables as well as disease severity associated with viral co‐infections.Animals
Twenty household dogs with BP caused by opportunistic bacteria and 13 dogs with chronic (>30 days) tracheobronchitis caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (BBTB).Methods
Prospective cross‐sectional observational study. Diagnosis was confirmed by clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic imaging, and cytologic and microbiologic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage or transtracheal wash fluid. Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine adenovirus, canine herpes virus, canine influenzavirus, canine distemper virus, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and canine pneumovirus, as well as B. bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma spp. were analyzed in respiratory samples using PCR assays.Results
CPIV was detected in 7/20 and CRCoV in 1/20 dogs with BP. Respiratory viruses were not detected in dogs with BBTB. There were no significant differences in clinical variables between BP dogs with and without a viral co‐infection.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Respiratory viruses were found frequently in dogs with BP and may therefore play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of BP. Clinical variables and disease severity did not differ between BP dogs with and without viral co‐infection. 相似文献10.
The Clinical and Serological Effect of a Gluten‐Free Diet in Border Terriers with Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Lowrie O.A. Garden M. Hadjivassiliou R.J. Harvey D.S. Sanders R. Powell L. Garosi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1564-1568
Background
Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS) is a paroxysmal movement disorder of Border Terriers (BTs). These dogs might respond to a gluten‐free diet.Objectives
The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and serological effect of a gluten‐free diet in BTs with CECS.Animals
Six client‐owned BTs with clinically confirmed CECS.Methods
Dogs were prospectively recruited that had at least a 6‐month history of CECS based on the observed phenomenology (using video) and had exhibited at least 2 separate episodes on different days. Dogs were tested for anti‐transglutaminase 2 (TG2 IgA) and anti‐gliadin (AGA IgG) antibodies in the serum at presentation, and 3, 6, and 9 months after the introduction of a gluten‐free diet. Duodenal biopsies were performed in 1 dog.Results
Serum TG2 IgA titers were increased in 6/6 BTs (P = .006) and AGA IgG titers were increased in 5/6 BTs at presentation compared to those of controls (P = .018). After 9 months, there was clinical and serological improvement in all BTs with CECS strictly adhering to a gluten‐free diet (5/5). One dog had persistently increased antibody titers. This dog scavenged horse manure. On the strict introduction of a gluten‐free diet this dog also had an improved clinical and serological response. The diet‐associated improvement was reversible in 2 dogs on completion of the study, both of which suffered a relapse of CECS on the re‐introduction of gluten.Conclusions
Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in BTs is a gluten‐sensitive movement disorder triggered and perpetuated by gluten and thus responsive to a gluten‐free diet. 相似文献11.
K. Wallisch L.A. Trepanier 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):513-518
Background
The use of azathioprine (AZA) in dogs is limited by the development of hepatotoxicosis and cytopenias.Hypothesis and Objectives
To characterize the observed incidence, timing, and risk factors for AZA hepatotoxicosis in dogs treated clinically, and to determine the relationship between the development of hepatotoxicosis and cytopenias.Animals
Fifty‐two dogs treated with AZA with clinical and biochemical follow‐up, with a subset of 34 dogs available for determination of changes in liver enzyme activities in serum.Methods
Retrospective medical record review, from January 2009 through December 2013.Results
Hepatotoxicosis (as defined by a >2‐fold increase in serum ALT) was observed in 5 of 34 dogs (15%) within a median onset of 14 days (range, 13–22 days). Dogs had a median 9‐fold increase in ALT and 8‐fold increase in ALP, which stabilized or resolved with drug discontinuation or dose reduction. German shepherds were significantly over‐represented (3 of 5 dogs with hepatotoxicosis; P = .0017). Thrombocytopenia or neutropenia were seen in 4 of 48 dogs with CBC follow‐up (8% of dogs), but occurred significantly later in treatment (median onset, 53 days; range 45–196 days) compared to hepatotoxicosis (P = .016).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
These results support the routine monitoring of liver enzymes during the first 1–4 weeks of AZA treatment in dogs, with continued monitoring of the CBC. Additional studies are warranted to characterize the apparently higher risk of AZA hepatotoxicosis in German shepherds. 相似文献12.
A.N.K. Floras M.K. Holowaychuk D. Bienzle A.M.E. Bersenas S. Sharif T. Harvey S.K. Nordone G.A. Wood 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1447-1453
Background
Serum N‐terminal pro‐C‐natriuretic peptide (NT‐proCNP) concentration at hospital admission has sufficient sensitivity and specificity to differentiate naturally occurring sepsis from nonseptic systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). However, little is known about serum NT‐proCNP concentrations in dogs during the course of sepsis.Objective
To determine serum NT‐proCNP and cytokine kinetics in dogs with endotoxemia, a model of canine sepsis.Samples
Eighty canine serum samples.Methods
Eight healthy adult Beagles were randomized to receive Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 μg/kg) or placebo (0.9% NaCl) as a single IV dose in a randomized crossover study. Serum collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours was stored at −80°C for batch analysis. Serum NT‐proCNP was measured by ELISA and 13 cytokines and chemokines by multiplex magnetic bead‐based assay.Results
Serum NT‐proCNP concentrations did not differ significantly between LPS‐ and placebo‐treated dogs at any time. When comparing serum cytokine concentrations, LPS‐treated dogs had higher interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐10, TNF‐α and KC‐like at 1, 2, and 4 hours; higher CCL2 at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours; and higher IL‐8 and CXCL10 at 4 hours compared to placebo‐treated dogs. There were no differences in serum GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐15 or IL‐18 between LPS‐ and placebo‐treated dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Serum NT‐proCNP concentration does not change significantly in response to LPS administration in healthy dogs. Certain serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations are significantly increased within 1–4 hours after LPS administration and warrant further investigation as tools for the detection and management of sepsis in dogs. 相似文献13.
L. Galeandro N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl B. Riond S. Hartnack R. Hofmann‐Lehmann C.E. Reusch F.S. Boretti 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1433-1441
Background
Determination of the urinary corticoid‐to‐creatinine ratio (UCCR) is an important screening test in the diagnosis of hypercortisolism (HC). However, urinary cortisol metabolites interfere with cortisol measurement in immunoassays, leading to decreased specificity. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) is considered the gold standard for steroid hormone analysis, because it provides a high level of selectivity and accuracy.Objectives
To prospectively compare the UCCR of healthy dogs and dogs with HC determined by 5 different immunoassays and by GC‐MS and to evaluate the influence of veterinary care on UCCR.Animals
Twenty healthy dogs; 18 dogs with HC.Methods
Urine was collected in the hospital and again after 6 days at home. Three chemiluminescence immunoassays (Access 2, Beckmann; Immulite 2000, DPC Siemens, with and without trichloromethane extraction) and 2 RIAs (Utrecht in house; Access Beckmann) were used. GC‐MS analyses were performed with Agilent 6890N/5973N. Urinary corticoid concentrations were related to urinary creatinine concentrations.Results
Immunoassay results were significantly higher compared to GC‐MS results. Evaluation of bias plots and clinical assessment made on the basis of the assay results of each dog indicated substantial disagreement among the assays. Sensitivity varied from 37.5 to 75% and with selected assays was lower in samples from day 6 compared to day 0. GC‐MS was not superior to the immunoassays in discriminating healthy from HC dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Considerable variation must be anticipated comparing different urinary cortisol assays. Establishing an assay‐ and laboratory‐specific reference range is critical when using UCCR. 相似文献14.
Behavioral Abnormalities in Lagotto Romagnolo Dogs with a History of Benign Familial Juvenile Epilepsy: A Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 T.S. Jokinen K. Tiira L. Metsähonkala E.H. Seppälä A. Hielm‐Björkman H. Lohi O. Laitinen‐Vapaavuori 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1081-1087
Background
Lagotto Romagnolo (LR) dogs with benign juvenile epilepsy syndrome often experience spontaneous remission of seizures. The long‐term outcome in these dogs currently is unknown. In humans, behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities have been reported in pediatric and adult‐onset epilepsies.Hypothesis/Objectives
The objectives of this study were to investigate possible neurobehavioral comorbidities in LR with a history of benign familial juvenile epilepsy (BFJE) and to assess the occurrence of seizures after the remission of seizures in puppyhood.Animals
A total of 25 LR with a history of BFJE and 91 control dogs of the same breed.Methods
Owners of the LR dogs in the BFJE and control groups completed an online questionnaire about each dog''s activity, impulsivity, and inattention. Principal component analysis (PCA) served to extract behavioral factors from the data. We then compared the scores of these factors between the 2 groups in a retrospective case–control study. We also interviewed all dog owners in the BFJE group by telephone to inquire specifically about possible seizures or other neurological problems after remission of seizures as a puppy.Results
Lagotto Romagnolo dogs with BFJE showed significantly higher scores on the factors Inattention and Excitability/Impulsivity than did the control group (P = .003; P = .021, respectively). Only 1 of the 25 BFJE LR exhibited seizures after remission of epilepsy in puppyhood.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Although the long‐term seizure outcome in BFJE LR seems to be good, the dogs exhibit behavioral abnormalities resembling attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in humans, thus suggesting neurobehavioral comorbidities with epilepsy. 相似文献15.
M. Campos R. Ducatelle H.S. Kooistra G. Rutteman L. Duchateau I. Polis S. Daminet 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):564-570
Background
Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine tumor in the dog. Local invasive growth frequently precludes surgical excision and, in up to 38% of dogs, the tumor has already metastasized by the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate new treatment modalities that may be useful for the large number of dogs with inoperable tumors or metastatic disease.Hypothesis/Objectives
To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of potential therapeutic targets in canine thyroid tumors.Animals
74 dogs with thyroid neoplasia.Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed for thyroglobulin, calcitonin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p53, cycloxygenase‐2 (cox‐2), and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp).Results
Fifty‐four (73%) tumors were classified as follicular cell thyroid carcinomas (FTCs) and 20 (27%) as medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). Eighty percent of FTCs and all MTCs had a high percentage (76–100%) of neoplastic cells immunopositive for VEGF. Thirteen percent of FTCs and 50% of MTCs expressed cox‐2. Seven percent of FTCs and 70% of MTCs expressed P‐gp. No tumor was immunopositive for p53 expression. Expression of VEGF (P = .034), cox‐2 (P = .013), and P‐gp (P < .001) was significantly higher in MTCs compared to FTCs.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
VEGF is a potential therapeutic target in both FTC and MTC in dogs. Cox‐2 and P‐gp may be useful molecular targets in canine MTC. 相似文献16.
Abdominal Ultrasound Examination Findings in 534 Hyperthyroid Cats Referred for Radioiodine Treatment Between 2007–2010 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 L.K. Nussbaum T.D. Scavelli D.M. Scavelli J. Pintar A.K. Henderson J.A. DeMarco S. Worwag R.P. Bastian H.S. Kittner 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1069-1073
Background
The prevalence of concurrent disease in hyperthyroid cats is unknown.Objectives
To identify the prevalence of concurrent intra‐abdominal disease using abdominal ultrasound examination (AUS) in hyperthyroid cats referred for radioactive iodine treatment (RIT) and to determine whether the requirement for pretreatment AUS is justified.Animals
Five hundred and thirty‐four client‐owned cats diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and referred for RIT.Methods
Retrospective study. Age, breed, sex, body weight, clinical signs, total serum T4 concentration, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, serum creatinine concentration, urine specific gravity (USG), AUS results, and biopsy or cytology results, or both (if obtained) were collected from the medical records.Results
The prevalence of concurrent disease identified using AUS in hyperthyroid cats referred for RIT was 36.1%; 22.8% of the cats in the study had renal disease and 2.4% had confirmed neoplasia. Significant differences in median USG (P value 0.032) and median BUN (P value 0.028) were found between cats that had abnormal kidneys on AUS compared to those with normal‐appearing kidneys. Only 2.2% of the cats were not treated with RIT as a result of changes identified on AUS and subsequently obtained cytology or biopsy results.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The results indicate that pretreatment AUS in hyperthyroid cats referred for RIT is unnecessary in most patients. 相似文献17.
The Association of Endothelin‐1 Signaling with Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Expression and Protumorigenic Activities in Canine Osteosarcoma 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Z.L. Neumann H.C. Pondenis A. Masyr M.L. Byrum K.L. Wycislo T.M. Fan 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1584-1594
Background
Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive sarcoma characterized by pathologic skeletal resorption and pulmonary metastases. A number of negative prognostic factors, including bone alkaline phosphatase, have been identified in dogs with OS, but the underlying biologic factors responsible for such observations have not been thoroughly investigated. Endothelin‐1‐mediated signaling is active during bone repair, and is responsible for osteoblast migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase expression.Hypothesis
The endothelin‐1 signaling axis is active in canine OS cells, and this pathway is utilized by malignant osteoblasts for promoting cellular migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase activities.Animals
45 dogs with appendicular OS.Methods
The expressions of endothelin‐1 and endothelin A receptor were studied in OS cell lines and in samples from spontaneously occurring tumors. Activities mediated by endothelin‐1 signaling were investigated by characterizing responses in 3 OS cell lines. In 45 dogs with OS, bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations were correlated with primary tumor osteoproductivity.Results
Canine OS cells express endothelin‐1 and endothelin A receptor, and this signaling axis mediates OS migration, survival, proliferation, and bone alkaline phosphatase activities. In OS‐bearing dogs, circulating bone alkaline phosphatase activities were positively correlated with primary tumor relative bone mineral densities.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Canine OS cells express endothelin‐1 and functional endothelin A receptors, with the potential for a protumorigenic signaling loop. Increases in bone alkaline phosphatase activity are associated with osteoblastic OS lesions, and might be an epiphenomenon of active endothelin‐1 signaling or excessive osteoproduction within the localized bone microenvironment. 相似文献18.
R.G. Hutchins S.L. Vaden M.E. Jacob T.L. Harris K.D. Bowles M.W. Wood C.S. Bailey 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):300-304
Background
Limited information is available regarding the vaginal microbiota of normal spayed dogs and spayed dogs with recurrent UTIs. Vaginal lactic acid‐producing bacteria (LAB) have been associated with decreased frequency of recurrent urinary tract infection in women and may have a protective role within the urinary tract of female dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
Spayed dogs with historical recurrent UTI will have decreased prevalence of LAB and increased prevalence of uropathogenic bacterial populations in the vaginal microbiota when compared with the vaginal microbiota of healthy, spayed dogs.Animals
Twenty‐one client‐owned adult spayed female dogs with historical recurrent UTI and 23 healthy, spayed female dogs without a history of recurrent UTI.Methods
Dogs were placed into a recurrent UTI group or control group in this prospective study. Bacterial populations were isolated and characterized from vaginal swabs obtained from each dog.Results
The most common bacterial isolates obtained from the vaginal tract of all dogs were Escherichia coli (11/44) and S. pseudintermedius (13/44). E. coli was isolated from the vaginal tract of 8 of 21 (38%) dogs in the rUTI group and 3 of 23 (13%) dogs in the control group (P = .08). LAB were isolated from 7 of the 44 dogs. Two of these 7 dogs were in the rUTI group and 5 of the 7 dogs were in the control group.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The vaginal microbiota of spayed female dogs with recurrent UTI was similar to the control population of normal, spayed female dogs. 相似文献19.
20.
Cognitive Function,Progression of Age‐related Behavioral Changes,Biomarkers, and Survival in Dogs More Than 8 Years Old 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 T. Schütt N. Toft M. Berendt 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1569-1577