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1.
Somaclonal variation for plant height, plant spread, leaf shape, leaf size, leaf form, herb yield, essential oil content and 10 important constituents of the essential oil was studied in an Indian cultivar, ‘Bourbon’ of rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Significantly larger variance was observed among in vitro‐regenerated plants of the SC1 generation (first generation following an in vitro phase) than among parental plants raised from stem cuttings for herb yield, plant height, leaf size, essential oil content, and for the contents of cis‐rose oxide, trans‐rose oxide, isomenthone and 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol in the essential oil. Plants of the SC1 generation showing values beyond the higher or lower limit (depending on the trait) of the range observed among parental plants for different traits were developed into clones by their multiplication through stem cuttings, and evaluated again in the SC2 generation (second generation following the in vitro phase). Somaclones selected for plant spread, and for the contents of linalool and trans‐rose oxide in their essential oils did not breed true in the SC2 generation. However, for the remaining traits studied, 13–100% of the selected clones retained their selected traits in the SC2 generation, suggesting that the changes in these somaclones were due to genetic causes. 相似文献
2.
Plants regenerated from cell suspension cultures of palmarosa grass, Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats, were analysed for somaclonal variation in five clonal generations. A wide range of variation in important quantitative traits, e.g. plant yield, height, tiller number, oil content and qualitative changes in essential oil constituents—geraniol, geranyl acetate, geranyl formate and linalool—were observed among the 120 somaclones screened. Eight somaclones were selected on the basis of high herb and oil yield over the donor line and high geraniol content in the oil. Based on performance in the field trials, three superior lines were selected, and maintained for five clonal generations. The superior lines exhibited a reasonable degree of stability in the traits selected. 相似文献
3.
A procedure has been established for high frequency, long-term plant regeneration from leaf sheath-derived callus cultures a- Citronella Java, variety ‘Jorhat’. A total of 600 plants were successfully transferred to the glass house, and subsequently 500 of these were shifted to the field in TWO batches of 250 plants each. From amongst 230 plants of the firs; hatch, on which data were recorded, extensive somaclonal variations were observed for seven agronomic traits, viz., herbage yield, tiller number, diameter of the bush, length and area of the longest leaf, fresh and’ dry weight ratio and oil content. In addition, variations were also recorded for six major constituents of the essential oil pool, i.e., citronellal, citronellol, geraniol, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate and elemol. Correlation analysis between agronomic traits revealed a significant negative correlation between oil content and herbage yield. Haw-ever, plants with higher herbage yield (> 3 fold) and oil content (> 1.5–2.0 fold) than the parent variety could be selected from amongst the variants. Furthermore, plants could be recovered with improved oil quality, possessing higher levels (> 1.5 fold) of desirable constituents of the oil like citronellal, citronellol, geraniol and geranyl acetate together with a reduced level (> 5 fold) of elemol which is an undesirable component of the citronella oil. Out of the 19 selected somaclones that were evaluated in a replicated trial with the donor parent as control, 5 lines have been further placed under multitocational trials for stability assessment. The scope of sormaclonal variation is discussed in the improvement of vegetatively propagated aromatic grasses that have a narrow genetic base. 相似文献
4.
Summary
In vitro selection of salt tolerant plants of Brassica juncea L. (Indian mustard) cv. Prakash has been accomplished by screening highly morphogenic cotyledon explant cultures on high NaCl media. Out of a total of 2,620 cotyledons cultured on high salt medium, 3 survived, showed sustained growth and regenerated shoots. They were multiplied by axillary bud culture on NaCl free medium. The salt-selected shoots retained salt tolerance following 3 month of growth and multiplication on control medium. While two of these somaclones flowered and set seeds, third one grew slowly, had abnormal leaf morphology and was sterile. The seed of the two fertile plants were sown in the field to raise R1 segregating generation. Data were recorded for field, other agronomic components and oil content. The somaclonal lines, both selected salt-tolerant and non-selected, showed tremendous amount of variation for all the characters studied. One of the two tolerant somaclones invariably showed reduced height, longer reproductive phase and higher 1000 seed weight. Based on the agronomic performance of R1 plants of these somaclones, some plants were selected and their progeny were evaluated for agronomic performance under standard field conditions and salt-tolerance in the greenhouse using sand pot culture method. Most of the lines bred true for their specific characteristics. In the greenhouse, selected salt-tolerant somaclones (SR-2 and SR-3) performed better for plant growth, yield and other agronomic traits at higher salt treatments, indicating thereby that salt-tolerance trait selected in vitro was expressed in the whole plants and is genetically stable and transmitted onto the progeny. The two tolerant lines, however, differed in their salt-tolerance during vegetative and reproductive phases as indicated by their salt-tolerance and stress susceptibility indices. The mechanism of salt-tolerance is not clear and needs to be further investigated. 相似文献
5.
R. N. Kulkarni 《Euphytica》1991,52(2):99-102
Summary Three cycles of honeycomb selection for herb yield, applied on widely spaced individual plants of davana (Artemisia pallens Wall.), resulted in an increase in yield of 12.4% per cycle when the resulting populations were evaluated at commercial plant density. The selection had no adverse effect on essential oil content, davanone content in oil and plant height. 相似文献
6.
The F
1 and F
2 generations of a twenty parent fractional diallel cross of opium poppy (P. somniferum L.) were analyzed for combining ability for ten quantitative and five quality (alkaloids) traits. The results indicated significant
differences among the parents for combining ability for all the traits. The GCA and SCA components of variances were significant
for all the characters. However, the SCA component of variance (δ
2s) was predominant indicating the preponderance of non-additive gene effect for all the traits except for leaves/plant and
papaverine in F1 hybrids. The average degree of dominance (δ
2s/δ
2g) was more than unity indicating over dominance and also confirming non-additive mode of gene action. Among the parents IS-16,
IS-13 and NBRI-1 for early flowering, BR226 and BR241 for branches/plant, capsule weight/plant, seed yield/plant and husk
yield/plant, BR227 for leaves/plant, UO1285 for capsule size and opium yield/plant, NBRI-5 for husk yield/plant, morphine,
codeine, and thebaine and ‘Papline’ for plant height and papaverine content were found good general combiners. Parent ND1001
was good combiner for codeine and narcotine content. Inclusion of good general combiners in a multiple crossing program or
an intermating population involving all the possible crosses among them subjected to bi-parental mating may be expected to
offer maximum promise in breeding for higher opium, seed yield and alkaloid contents. 相似文献
7.
Gang Chen Jianfeng Geng Mukhlesur Rahman Xueping Liu Jingxing Tu Tingdong Fu Gengyi Li Peter B. E. McVetty M. Tahir 《Euphytica》2010,175(2):161-174
A genetic map was constructed with 353 sequence-related amplified polymorphism and 34 simple sequence repeat markers in oilseed
rape (Brassica napus L.). The map consists of 19 linkage groups and covers 1,868 cM of the rapeseed genome. A recombinant doubled haploid (DH)
population consisting of 150 lines segregating for oil content and other agronomic traits was produced using standard microspore
culture techniques. The DH lines were phenotyped for days to flowering, oil content in the seed, and seed yield at three locations
for 3 years, generating nine environments. Data from each of the environments were analyzed separately to detect quantitative
trait loci (QTL) for these three phenotypic traits. For oil content, 27 QTL were identified on 14 linkage groups; individual
QTL for oil content explained 4.20–30.20% of the total phenotypic variance. For seed yield, 18 QTL on 11 linkage groups were
identified, and the phenotypic variance for seed yield, as explained by a single locus, ranged from 4.61 to 24.44%. Twenty-two
QTL were also detected for days to flowering, and individual loci explained 4.41–48.28% of the total phenotypic variance. 相似文献
8.
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) pod borer (Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov) (SPB) results in severe loss in soybean yield and quality in certain regions of the world, especially
in Northeastern China, Japan and Russia. The aim here was to evaluate the inheritance of pod borer resistance and to identify
quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying SPB resistance for the acceleration of the control of this pest. Used were the 129
recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the F5:6 derived population from ‘Dong Nong 1068’ × ‘Dong Nong 8004’ and 131 SSR markers. Correlations between the percentage of damaged
seeds (PDS) by pod borer and plant, pod and seed traits that were potentially related to SPB resistance were analyzed. The
results showed highly significant correlations between PDS by pod borer and plant height (PH), maturity date (MA), pod color
(PC), pubescence density (PB), 100-seed weight (SW) and protein content existed. Soybeans with dwarf stem, light color of
pod coat, small seeds, lower density of pubescence, early maturity and low content of protein seemed to have higher resistance
to SPB. The correlated traits had potential to inhibit egg deposition and thereby to decrease the damage by SPB. Three QTL
directly associated with the resistance to SPB judged by PDS at harvest were identified. qRspb-1 (Satt541–Satt253) and qRspb-2 (Satt253–Satt314) were both on linkage group (LG) H and qRspb-3 (Satt288–Satt199) on LG G. The three QTL explained 10.96, 9.73 and 11.59% of the phenotypic variation for PDS, respectively.
In addition, 12 QTL that underlay 10 of 13 traits potentially related with SPB resistance were found. These QTL detected jointly
provide potential for marker assisted selection to improve cultivar resistance to SPB.
Guiyun Zhao, Jian Wang, and Yingpeng Han have equal contribution to the paper. 相似文献
9.
Björn A. Gustavsson 《Euphytica》2001,120(2):173-182
Plant breeding of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is still in its infancy. In order to optimize sampling strategy to broaden the genetic base and to improve horticulturally
important traits, we need more information about the genetic structure of wild populations. In a field study, seeds were collected
from thirteen widely spaced lingonberry populations in Sweden, from one in Estonia and from one in Japan. The resulting seedlings
were subsequently transferred into a field with a randomized design and were investigated regarding horticulturally important
traits (growth, flowering, phenology and cropping performance). Common for all traits was that the amount of variation (mean
for 17 traits: 21.8% ± 11.2) was smaller among populations than within populations. In spite of this low variation, the study
revealed significant genetic variation (p<0.05) among populations in nearly all traits investigated. Significant correlations were found between several traits: between
plant width and plant height (r=0.516, p<0.001),between plant height and total fruit yield (r=0.253, p<0.001),between number of rhizome-derived daughter plants and total fruit yield (r=–0.189, p<0.001) and between the beginning of spring flowering and the duration of repeat flowering (r=–0.354, p<0.001). Many traits were associated with the latitude of the sample location, e.g. duration of flowering (r=–0.620, p<0.05) and total fruit yield (r=–0.580, p<0.05). Populations collected from southern latitudes (56°–60°N) in general showed better values than the northern populations
for horticulturally important traits. The Japanese population, which belongs to the subspecies minus, differed in many traits from all the other populations which belong to the subspecies vitis-idaea.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
R. N. Kulkarni 《Euphytica》1990,47(2):147-151
Summary Honeycomb and simple mass selection for herb yield and inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio were studied in a population of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini Stapf. var. motia) grown at a plant spacing of 90 cm. The inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio was studied for indirect selection for oil content. The effects of selection were evaluated at high (30×30 cm) and low (45×45 cm) plant densities. Honeycomb selection was effective in improving herb yield at both plant densities while simple mass selection was effective only at low plant density. Both selection methods were equally effective in improving inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio but only when the populations were grown at low plant density. Increases in oil content were obtained even when selection for an increased inflorescence to leaf + stem ratio was ineffective. Improvements in each of the three studied traits did not affect any other studied trait. 相似文献
11.
Inheritance of an induced bushy mutant (EMS 24-5) of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) and its genetic relationship with an earlier reported dwarf mutant (NEU 6-15) was studied by crossing it with its parental
variety, Nirmal and the dwarf mutant. The bushy mutant was found to be under the control of a monogenic recessive gene (by), which was inherited independently of the recessive gene (dw
1
) involved in the dwarf mutant. The double mutant (bydw
1
) recombinant, which was recovered from the F2 generation of the cross (NEU 6-15) × (EMS 24-5), its parental mutants and variety, Nirmal were used for determining the individual
and combined effects of plant height reducing genes dw
1
and by. Individually, the recessive genes by and dw
1, reduced plant height by 27–30, 64–68%, respectively, while together they reduced plant height by 73–77%. The double mutant
recombinant was found to be 63–68 and 25–29% shorter than its parental mutants (EMS 24-5) and (NEU 6-15), respectively. The
effects of the recessive gene by on plant height were discernable only after the age of 4 months while those of dw
1
and combined effects of dw
1
and by became apparent one to 2 weeks after germination. The double mutant recombinant was found to have higher content of total
alkaloids in the roots than parental mutants as well as the variety, Nirmal. 相似文献
12.
The usual practice of estimating association and direct and indirect effects among various traits in Gossypium hirsutum is with ungrouped genetic material based on staple length and strength. During 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 genotypic and phenotypic
association among ten characters were estimated in G. hirsutum genotypes: (i) set-1: 10 genotypes of low fibre strength (≤196.2 mN/tex) and medium staple length (≤25.0 mm), (ii) set-2:
10 genotypes of high fibre strength (≥235.44 mN/tex) and long staple length (≥28 mm) and (iii) set-3: 20 genotypes of set-1
and 2. The differences in the estimates of associations, direct and indirect effects for different characters in fibre quality
groups were examined. The complete analysis of variance for the characters under study viz; days to 50% flowering, plant height
(cm), number of monopodial and sympodial branches per plant, seed cotton yield per plant (g), boll weight (g), total number
of bolls per plant, lint %, 2.5% span length (mm) and fibre strength (mN/tex) indicated highly significant genotypic differences
for genotypes, years and genotype × years interaction. Variation within medium staple length and low strength (set-1), high
staple length and high strength genotypes (set-2) and their interaction with year were also significant. Medium staple length
and low strength (set-1) versus high staple length and high strength component (set-2) was significant for all the traits
indicating significant variability between the sets. A true relationship and direct selection were observed for days to 50%
flowering, number of monopodial and sympodial branches per plant with seed cotton yield in the three sets suggesting that
separation of genetic material based on staple length and fibre strength for improvement of seed cotton yield through these
traits is not required. Magnitude and direction of direct effect and association with yield of the other traits; plant height,
number of total bolls per plant, boll weight, lint %, staple length and fibre strength differed between the sets. This study
concluded that more successful planning of a breeding programme can be made through path coefficient analysis if the genetic
material is grouped based on staple length and fibre strength.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
13.
In vitro induction and characterization of somaclonal variation for red rot and other agronomic traits in sugarcane 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gurpreet Singh S. K. Sandhu Madhu Meeta Karnail Singh Raman Gill S. S. Gosal 《Euphytica》2008,160(1):35-47
In the present investigation, optimal media compositions for enhancing the callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration
were worked out in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex). The field grown somaclones were characterized for yield and quality contributing traits in comparison to donor
variety CoJ 88. The MS + 2,4-D (4.0 mg/l) + kin (0.5 mg/l) + sucrose (30 g/l) was found to be the best for the callus induction
among the nine media compositions used. The highest shoot regeneration was 34.65% on MS + BAP (0.5 mg/l) followed by 31.07%
on MS + IAA (2.0 mg/l) + kin (0.5 mg/l) and the least 11.80% on MS + BAP (2.0 mg/l). The shoot elongation was optimum on MS + IBA
(5.0 mg/l). The rooting was carried on MS + NAA (3.0 mg/l) + IBA (2.0 mg/l) + sucrose (70 g/l). The somaclones, on field evaluation,
exhibited huge variability for characters viz., tiller number at 120 days of field transfer, number of millable canes, cane
height, number of nodes and internodal length at time of harvest and also for HR Brix at 240 and 300 days after field transfer.
In R0 generation, the variations induced for the characters such as stalk height after 120 days, HR Brix after 240 and 300 days
of field transfer were negatively skewed with most of somaclones having values higher than the population mean values thereby
offering adequate scope for improvement cane and quality. Elite somaclones marked for each trait were reported. Out of 228
somaclones inoculated with Cf 08 pathotype of red rot in R1, three were resistant, four were moderately resistant and 221 somaclones showed variable degree of susceptibility, whereas,
to Cf 03 pathotype, fourteen were resistant, nineteen were moderately resistant and 195 showed variable degree of susceptibility.
Three somaclones exhibited moderate resistance (MR) to both the pathotypes, whereas, donor variety CoJ 88 showed susceptible
reaction. These somaclones will further enhance the germplasm for sugarcane breeding. 相似文献
14.
Wheat somaclonal variants showing earliness, improved spot blotch resistance and higher yield 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Somaclones (R2, R3 and R4generations) were regenerated from immature embryos of two spring wheat varieties,HUW-206 and HUW-234. Many somaclones displayed
improved earliness, enhanced resistance to spot blotch disease and increased yield over the parent. The superiority of variants
for yield traits and disease resistance was established in R4 generation, confirming the possibility of wheat improvement through somaclonal variation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Two cucumber recombinant inbred lines (RILs) differing in plant habit were crossed and progeny self-pollinated to produce
F3 individuals upon which phenotypic selection was practiced to identify a base population which in turn underwent either two
cycles of MAS or random mating without selection (RAN). MAS and RAN were practiced to produce F4 and F5 progeny sets. RIL, crossing parents, and F3–F5 progeny sets were then evaluated under replicated field conditions for fruit yield and quality (L:D and E:T) to evaluate
gain from selection (ΔG). The broad-sense heritability (h
2
B) over cycles (C) of selection ranged 0.22–0.45, 0.09–0.20, and 0.11–0.15 for yield, L:D, and E:T, respectively. Although
one cycle of PHE selection followed by MAS was effective in conserving the performance of the traits examined during inbreeding,
progeny performance during RAN fluctuated (F4–F5 generation; C2). Lack of ΔG during advanced generations (F4–F5) of MAS was likely due to allelic fixation and/or optimized epistatic complementation. 相似文献
16.
Summary Fourteen lines of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) were evaluated for general and specific combining ability through line × tester cross analysis using five diverse testers in two different environments. Seventy F1's and nineteen parental genotypes were raised in completely randomized block design with two replications with respect to yield and yield related traits. Considerable genetic variation was observed for all the traits studied. The additive as well as non-additive gene effects played significant role in the inheritance of yield and related traits with preponderance of non-additive gene effects for all the traits studied. Higher proportion of general combining ability × environment interaction variance as compared to specific combining ability × environment estimates was recorded. Additive genetic variances were more sensitive than non-additive genetic variances to the changing environment. Low estimates of heritability (narrow sense) for primary branches per plant, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, seed yield per plant, harvest index and oil content and medium heritability for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height and 1000-seed weight was observed. Among the female parents LCK-9816, Parvati, Himalini, KL-168 were good general combiners for yield and related traits along with oil content, whereas among male parents, Surbhi and KL-224 were good general combiners for yield related traits and oil content but KL-221 was good general combiner for seed yield and related traits. 相似文献
17.
Increasing seed oil content is an important breeding goal for Brassica napus L. (B. napus). The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed oil content and related traits is important for efficient
selection of B. napus cultivars with high seed oil content. To get better knowledge on these traits, a molecular marker linkage map for B. napus was constructed with a recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population. The length of the map was 1,589 cM with 451 markers distributed
over 25 linkage groups. QTL for seed oil content, seed hull content and seed coat color in three environments were detected
by composite interval mapping (CIM) tests. Eleven QTL accounted for 5.19–13.57% of the variation for seed oil content. Twelve
QTL associated with seed hull content were identified with contribution ranging from 5.80 to 22.71% and four QTL for seed
coat color accounted for 5.23–15.99% of the variation. It is very interesting to found that co-localization between QTL for
the three traits were found on N8. These results indicated the possibility to combine favorable alleles at different QTL to
increase seed oil content, as well as to combine information about the relationship between seed oil content and other traits. 相似文献
18.
A.B. Nwauzoma A. Tenkouano J.H. Crouch M. Pillay D. Vuylsteke L.A. Daniel Kalio 《Euphytica》2002,123(3):323-331
This study examined the potential of somaclonal variation for the improvement of plantain. Approximately 500 somaclones each
of ‘Agbagba’ (False Horn plantain) and ‘Bise Egome’ (French plantain) were field evaluated for their agronomic performance
and response to the black Sigatoka disease. The micropropagated populations were independently generated from a number of
suckers from each accession. Significant differences between micropropagated accessions and crop cycles were observed. Differences
between plants derived from suckers of the same accession were also expressed, indicating the chimerical nature of variation
in the traits studied. None of the plants of the micropropagated populations from ‘Bise Egome’ exhibited significantly better
disease tolerance and agronomic performance than the source accession. However,one somaclonal variant of ‘Agbagba’ (‘AO 2B2-2’)
expressed lower susceptibility to the black Sigatoka disease. Compared to ‘Agbagba’, ‘AO 2B2-2’ had a higher bunch weight,
more fruits per bunch with higher average weight, greater average length, and greater average girth. These data clearly show
that, in contrast to previous reports, it is possible to recover superior somaclonal mutants in Musa.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
J. Langbehn F. Pank J. Novak W.D. Blüthner Ch. Franz W. Junghanns C. Vender 《Euphytica》2001,118(1):83-90
20 accessions of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.)were characterized in two field experiments in Quedlinburg, Germany in 1997. The variation was assessed both on single
plants as a base for the development of pollinator inbred lines of a prospective hybrid variety system and also on plots on
a larger scale. The characterization comprised yield of leaf-flower fraction, content of essential oil and its proportion
of cis-sabinene hydrate. The anther status of the regrowth after the herb harvest was used as an indicator of male fertility. The
investigations revealed a high variability between and within accessions. The correlation of some traits is discussed as a
clue to indirect selection. The yield rises with increasing bush diameter of the single plants and with longer vegetation
periods caused by late flowering. Relations between the essential oil content and the duration of the vegetation period were
not consistent and could be caused by the environment. There were no relations between the anther status and agronomical or
physiological traits.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
S. Gyawali B. R. Sthapit B. Bhandari J. Bajracharya P. K. Shrestha M. P. Upadhyay D. I. Jarvis 《Euphytica》2010,176(1):59-78
Jethobudho is an aromatic rice landrace of the Pokhara valley in middle hills of Nepal. Although local consumers are willing to pay
a high price for its purchase, the landrace has a problem with quality variation. Decentralized participatory population improvement
for specific market-identified traits was conducted on “Jethobudho” populations collected from farmers’ fields in seven geographic regions of the valley in Nepal. The preferred post harvest
quality traits, field tolerance to blast and lodging, and superior post harvest quality traits of Jethobudho were established by a consumer market survey. These traits were used for screening the materials. 338 sub-populations of
Jethobudho were evaluated for yield, disease, lodging resistance, and post harvest quality traits. Significant variation was found for
culm strength, neck blast tolerance, awn characteristics, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, test grain weight
and post harvest quality traits, whereas no significant variation was found in grain yield, plant height, tiller number, maturity
period and leaf blast. Based on these identified traits and micro-milling evaluations, 183 populations were screened in on-farm
and on-station nurseries, and in succeeding years populations were further screened by plant breeders and expert farmers in
research trials, resulting in the selection of 46 populations for post harvest quality traits. Six accessions with similar
agronomic traits, field tolerance to blast and lodging, and superior post harvest quality traits, were bulked and evaluated
on-farm using participatory variety selection (PVS). The enhanced Jethobudho accessions were also evaluated for aroma using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and found to have unique aromatic genetic constitution.
Community based seed production groups were formed, linked to the Nepal District Self Seed Sufficiency Programme (DISSPRO),
and trained to produce basic seeds (truthfully labeled) of Jethobudho. The National Seed Board of Nepal released the enhanced landrace in the name of “Pokhareli Jethobudho” in 2006, as the first bulk variety of traditional high quality aromatic rice improved through participatory plant breeding
to be formally released in Nepal for general cultivation under the national seed certification scheme. Landrace improvement
is shown as an important option for supporting programmes for in situ conservation of landraces on-farm. 相似文献