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1.
华北区玉米、高粱、谷子纹枯病病原学的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
玉米,高粱和谷子纹枯病在华北地区发生极为普遍,并日趋严重。作者从该区采集作物病组织,进行丝核菌分离、鉴定和致病性测定,从玉米上得到77个丝核菌分离物,分属立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)中的AG-1-IA (68.8%) AG-1-IB,AG-3,AG-5等菌丝融合群(AGs)和禾谷丝核菌(R.cerealis)中的CAG-3,CAG-6,CAG-8,CAG-9,CAG-10等菌丝融合群,(CAGs).从高粱上得到26个分离物,分属AG-1-IA(77%),AG-4和AG5.谷子上得到30个分离物,分属AG-1-IA (80%)。和AG-4。另外从莠子上得到3个分离物,分离AG-1-IA和AG-4。主要融合群在不同作物和地理上有一定的一致性.致病性测定表明,AG-1-IA的分离物对寄主作物有极强的致病性,但分离物间的差异明显,AG-5的分离物对高粱致病力较强,CAG-10的分离物对玉米有较强的致病力,其余各融合群的分离物致病力均较弱。 相似文献
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华北地区十字花科芸薹属蔬菜上立枯丝核菌的病原生物学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由丝核菌引起的十字花科蔬菜叶腐和茎基腐病在中国华北地区普遍发生,其中以河北、内蒙以及北京较为严重。2011~2018年,从华北地区不同省份具有典型叶腐和茎基腐症状的芸苔属蔬菜上分离获得95个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)分离物,大多数分离自发病植株的叶部,少数分离自茎基部。通过细胞核染色,87株菌属于多核丝核菌,另外8株属于双核丝核菌;经菌丝融合鉴定、rDNA-ITS区及TEF-1α(translation elongation factor 1-alpha, TEF-1α)序列分析,大多数多核丝核菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)AG-2-1(74％),其他少数分别属于AG-1-IB(16％)、AG-4-HG II(2％)和双核丝核菌AG-A(8％)。温室条件下进行寄主范围致病力测定,各分离物对原寄主都表现出致病力,呈现典型叶腐或茎基腐症状;对其他作物的致病力差异较大。不同融合群(Anastomosis group,AG)的菌株对寄主致病力大小存在差异,AG-2-1致病力最强,只有AG-A对叶部没有致病力。AG-2-1对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力呈显著正相关,AG-1-IB对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力无显著相关性。 相似文献
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江苏省几种作物丝核菌交互致病性的聚类分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文在鉴定江苏省几种作物病原丝核菌所属种及菌丝融合群的基础上,进行六种作物病原丝核菌菌株与其寄主的人工交互接种试验,结果表明六种作物病原丝核菌对各自的原分离作物均表现强致病性。将该六种病菌在六种作物上的病情指数经聚类分析可划分为三类,第一类为水稻纹枯病菌,在人工接种条件下可侵染六种作物,综合致病力最强,平均病指为42、38;第二类为玉米、大豆纹枯病菌及棉花立枯病菌,其致病特性及症状与水稻纹枯病菌相似,但致病力较弱,平均病指分别为31、0,25、80和18、95:第三类为大、小麦纹枯病菌,其致病特性与前两者截然不同,不侵染大豆和棉花,平均病指为28、1和26、53。据致病力划分的类群与菌株所属的分类地位基本吻合。另外,本文还讨论了病原丝核菌在自然界中相互侵染的可能性,以及各种作物丝核菌种群的多样性等问题。 相似文献
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江苏省几种作物丝核菌交互致病性的聚类分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在鉴定江苏省几种作物病原丝核菌所属种及菌丝融合群的基础上,进行六种作物病原丝核菌菌株与其寄主的人工交互接种试验,结果表明六种作物病原丝核菌对各自的原分离作物均表现强致病性。将该六种病菌在六种作物上的病情指数经聚类分析可划分为三类,第一类为水稻纹枯病菌,在人工接种条件下可侵染六种作物,综合致病力最强,平均病指为42、38;第二类为玉米、大豆纹枯病菌及棉花立枯病菌,其致病特性及症状与水稻纹枯病菌相似,但致病力较弱,平均病指分别为31、0,25、80和18、95:第三类为大、小麦纹枯病菌,其致病特性与前两者截然不同,不侵染大豆和棉花,平均病指为28、1和26、53。据致病力划分的类群与菌株所属的分类地位基本吻合。另外,本文还讨论了病原丝核菌在自然界中相互侵染的可能性,以及各种作物丝核菌种群的多样性等问题。 相似文献
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由丝核菌引起的十字花科蔬菜叶腐和茎基腐病在中国华北地区普遍发生,其中以河北、内蒙以及北京较为严重。2011~2018年,从华北地区不同省份具有典型叶腐和茎基腐症状的芸苔属蔬菜上分离获得95个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)分离物,大多数分离自发病植株的叶部,少数分离自茎基部。通过细胞核染色,87株菌属于多核丝核菌,另外8株属于双核丝核菌;经菌丝融合鉴定、rDNA-ITS区及TEF-1α(translation elongation factor 1-alpha, TEF-1α)序列分析,大多数多核丝核菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)AG-2-1(74％),其他少数分别属于AG-1-IB(16％)、AG-4-HG II(2％)和双核丝核菌AG-A(8％)。温室条件下进行寄主范围致病力测定,各分离物对原寄主都表现出致病力,呈现典型叶腐或茎基腐症状;对其他作物的致病力差异较大。不同融合群(Anastomosis group,AG)的菌株对寄主致病力大小存在差异,AG-2-1致病力最强,只有AG-A对叶部没有致病力。AG-2-1对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力呈显著正相关,AG-1-IB对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力无显著相关性。 相似文献
8.
新疆北疆棉田立枯丝核菌不同菌丝融合群致病力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从新疆北疆棉区采集了典型的棉花立枯病病苗及棉田土标样686份,按常规分离方法分离得到399个分离物,从中鉴定出272个纯化的立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)菌株。用标准菌株,通过载玻片菌丝融合试验测定,将纯化的272个菌株划归为3个菌丝融合群:即AG-2、AG-4和AG-5,分别占总菌株的6.24%、84.2%和1.1%。另有23个菌株不与任何标准菌株融合,占8.46%,说明新疆北疆棉田立枯丝核菌的优势菌系是多核丝核菌的AG-4融合群。通过从10种不同配方培养基中筛选效果好的麦芽蛋白胨(MPDA)配方培养基(Ⅱ)进行对峙培养,将纯化获得的272个丝核菌菌株,划分为6个不同的营养亲和群。将多核的不同菌丝融合群及其各营养亲和群代表菌株在3种不同主栽棉花品种上(每品种都加不接菌的对照)进行温室盆栽致病力测定,结果以AG-4对棉花的致病力最强,其次是非融合类,AG-2和AG-5虽致病,但并不致死苗,其平均病指数分别为94.9、81.4、53.1、43.5。 相似文献
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中国中部5省(市)草坪禾草立枯丝核菌的菌丝融合群研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2003~2005年,从我国冷季型草坪与暖季型草坪过渡地区的上海市、浙江省、山东省、河南省和陕西省草坪褐斑病的病株样本中,分离得到了43个立枯丝核菌分离物,其寄主包括多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、高羊茅(Festuca arundina-cea)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、匍匐翦股颍(Agrostis palustris)、结缕草(Zoysia japonica)和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)。按照Parmeter等的方法对该过渡带的草坪禾草立枯丝核菌分离物进行了菌丝融合群的测定,结果表明,上述5省(市)草坪禾草立枯丝核菌的菌丝融合群包括AG1-1A、AG1-1B、AG2-1、AG2-2ⅢB、AG2-2Ⅳ、AG-4和AG-5。不同省份、不同寄主草坪禾草的菌丝融合群类型略有不同,主要融合群类型为AG-1和AG-2。AG1-1B和AG2-1是草坪上首次报道的立枯丝核菌融合(亚)群。 相似文献
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江苏省大、小麦纹枯病病原学的初步研究 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
1984至1986年间,采集江苏各地大、小麦纹枯病标样,分离获得丝核菌属菌株分别为23个和50个。经比较鉴定其培养特性,菌丝形态、隔膜孔器以及细胞核数目,结合菌丝融合测试,50个小麦纹枯丝核菌菌株中除2个属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)AG5群外,其余均为禾谷丝核菌(R.cetea-lis Vander Hoeven),其中CAG1、CAG3、CAG6、AGC1分别为44、1、1和2个菌株。在23个大麦纹枯丝核菌菌株中,除2个属于立枯丝核菌AG5群外,其余均为禾谷丝核菌,其中CAG1、CAG2、AGE的菌株分别为18、1、1、另有一菌株不属所测融合群。
人工交互接种试验表明:来源于大麦和小麦的禾谷丝核菌CAG1群菌株对于大、小麦均有极强的致病力;立枯丝核菌AG5群菌株次之,也有一定致病力;其他融合群的菌株致病力较弱。因此,引致江苏省大小麦纹枯病的主要病原菌为禾谷丝核菌(R.cerealis)的CAG1群。 相似文献
人工交互接种试验表明:来源于大麦和小麦的禾谷丝核菌CAG1群菌株对于大、小麦均有极强的致病力;立枯丝核菌AG5群菌株次之,也有一定致病力;其他融合群的菌株致病力较弱。因此,引致江苏省大小麦纹枯病的主要病原菌为禾谷丝核菌(R.cerealis)的CAG1群。 相似文献
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河北省小麦纹枯病菌群体组成及致病力分化 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为明确河北省小麦纹枯病发生特点及病菌特征,采用五点取样法调查该病的发生情况,通过细胞核染色、菌丝融合反应和r DNA-ITS序列分析测定196株纹枯病菌群体组成,并比较其对不同小麦品种的致病力差异。结果表明,河北省3个不同生态类型麦区30个监测点均有纹枯病发生,临漳县发病最重,其次是邯郸县和馆陶县,青县发病最轻;纹枯病菌可划分为AG-D、AG-B(0)、AGI、AG-4和AG-5共5种融合群,分别占菌株总数的88.3%、1.5%、5.1%、3.6%和1.5%;采自黑龙港平原区和山前平原区的纹枯病菌对石新828、良星99和邯6172的平均致病力均明显强于冀东平原区;菌株可划分为极强、强、中等和弱4个致病类型,分别占菌株总数的45.92%、33.67%、7.65%和12.76%。表明河北省小麦纹枯病发生普遍,总体呈南重北轻的趋势,纹枯病菌群体组成较简单,以强致病力AG-D融合群为主。 相似文献
12.
小麦纹枯病菌核糖体基因内转录区序列比较 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
对7个从江苏省小麦纹枯病样本分离到的丝核菌菌株,进行形态学鉴定、融合群分类和致病性测定,提取病菌的DNA,采用通用引物ITS1(TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G)和ITS4(TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC),扩增病菌的rDNA内转录区(ITS),并对扩增产物进行了测序.用这些序列在NCBI中进行BLAST分析,得到与这些菌株亲缘关系最近的菌株序列,并明确了这些菌株的分类地位.对以上的菌株序列进行Alignment分析,结果表明,病菌的5.8S rDNA序列高度保守,而ITS区的可变性则相对较高,在双核和多核丝核菌、双核丝核菌CAG1融合群和非CAG1融合群菌株间存在差异,可用于反映菌株间的进化关系和双核丝核菌种下分类. 相似文献
13.
Characterization ofRhizoctonia solani isolates from potatoes in turkey and screening potato cultivars for resistance to AG-3 isolates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A total of 304Rhizoctonia solani isolates and 60 binucleateRhizoctonia-like fungi were recovered from stems and tubers of infected potato plants over a 2-yr period in northeast Turkey.R. solani isolates were identified to 11 anastomosis groups (AGs): AG-1 (0.66%), AG-2-1 (5.6%), AG-2-2 (0.99%), AG-3 (83.9%), AG-5
(4.6%), AG-6 (0.66%), AG-8 (1.32%), AG-9 (0.33%), AG-10 (1.32%), AG-12 (0.33%), and AG-13 (0.33%). In the greenhouse tests,
most of the AG-3 isolates were significantly more virulent than isolates belonging to other AGs on potato cv. Batum. Isolates
of other anastomosis groups differed in their virulence. Results indicated that AG-3 is an important pathogen on potatoes
grown in the study area. Five of 22 commercial and local potato cultivars evaluated for their reaction toR. solani AG-3 isolates (TP-2) under greenhouse conditions were highly resistant; the remaining cultivars exhibited different levels
of susceptibility to the pathogen isolate.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 14, 2005. 相似文献
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Abstrast Three-hundred-twenty-five isolates ofRhizoctonia (215R. solani and 110 binucleateRhizoctonia) were obtained from roots and crowns of alfalfa, sainfoin and common vetch grown in Erzurum, Turkey. The isolates were assigned
to five anastomosis groups (AG) ofR. solani (AG-2-1, AG-3, AG-4, AG-5, and AG-10) and two anastomosis groups of binucleateRhizoctonia (AG-I and AG-K). In pathogenicity tests on alfalfa, sainfoin and common vetch, the highest disease severities were caused
by isolates of AG-4 and AG-5. Isolates of AG-10 and AG-I were not pathogenic on the three tested forage legumes, whereas isolates
of AG-K on alfalfa and sainfoin, and of AG-2-1 on sainfoin, were moderately virulent. Alfalfa isolate AG-3 was moderately
virulent on sainfoin. This is the first report ofR. solani AG-3, AG-5, AG-10 and binucleateRhizoctonia AG-I on alfalfa. In addition, all theR. solani and binucleateRhizoctonia groups isolated from sainfoin and common vetch were recovered from these crops for the first time in Turkey.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 16, 2002. 相似文献
15.
Foot rot of mature tomato plants was found in four cities of Hokkaido, Japan, from 2004 to 2007. Six of eight isolates obtained
from damaged tissues were identified as Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-3, and the remaining two isolates belonged to AG-2-1. We compared these isolates with nine reference
isolates including the different subgroups in AG-3 (PT, TB and TM) and AG-2-Nt (pathogen of tobacco leaf spot) within AG-2-1
in terms of pathogenicity to tomato, tobacco and potato. All eight isolates caused foot rot on tomato. The six AG-3 isolates
caused stem rot on young potato plants. While, all reference isolates of AG-3 PT causing stem rot of young potato plants incited
foot rot on tomato. The two AG-2-1 isolates and an AG-2-Nt reference isolate caused severe leaf spot on tobacco leaves. The
sequences of rDNA- ITS region and rDNA-IGS1 region of the AG-3 isolates showed high similarity to that of AG-3 PT isolates.
Phylogenetic tree based on ITS and IGS1 regions of rDNA indicated that the AG-2-1 isolates from tomato formed a single clade
with AG-2-Nt isolates and that they were separate from Japanese AG-2-1 isolates (culture type II). Pathogenicity tests and
DNA sequence evaluation of the causal fungi revealed that the present isolates of AG-3 and AG-2-1 belonged to AG-3 PT and
AG-2-Nt, respectively. This is the first report of tomato foot rot caused by R. solani in Japan. 相似文献
16.
E. Demirci 《Plant pathology》1998,47(1):10-15
Ninety-eight isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from barley and wheat grown in Erzurum, Turkey. Of these, 78% were Rhizoctonia solani (AG-2 type 1, AG-3, AG-4, AG-5 and AG-11), 10% were binucleate Rhizoctonia (AG-I and AG-K) and the remainder were Waitea circinata var circinata ( Rhizoctonia sp.). Among the binucleate Rhizoctonia , AG-I was not recovered from barley. In pathogenicity tests on barley and wheat, the highest disease severity was caused by isolates of AG-4 and AG-11, whereas isolates of AG-2 type 1, AG-3, AG-5 and W. c . var circinata were moderately virulent. Isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia were all nonpathogenic. This is the first report of R. solani AG-11 and W. c . var circinata from Turkey. 相似文献
17.
Anastomosis group and pathogenicity of isolates of Rhizoctonia solani from potato crops in South Australia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
G. R. BALALI S. M. NEATE E. S. SCOTT D. L. WHISSON T. J. WICKS 《Plant pathology》1995,44(6):1050-1057
Isolates of Rhizoctonia collected from the stems, roots, tuber sclerotia and soil of potato crops in Virginia and Lenswood, South Australia, were identified to anastomosis groups (AG). Of the 301 multinucleate isolates of Rhizoctonia solani tested, 90% were AG-3, 7% were AG-4 and 2% were AG-5; 12 isolates were binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. This is the first report of isolates of AG-4 and AG-5 causing disease in potato crops in South Australia. All AG-3, AG-4 and AG-5 isolates tested caused rhizoctonia disease symptoms on the potato cultivar Coliban in pathogenicity trials conducted under glasshotise conditions. Both AG-3 and AG-5 isolates caused black scurf and stem cankers, although symptoms of black scurf were less severe with AG-5. AG-4 isolates produced the most severe stem and stolon cankers of all isolates tested. The pathogenicity of tuber-borne inoculum was confirmed by growing plants from sclerotia-infested tubers. AG-8 isolates from diseased barley and wheat produced severe root cankers and caused loss of feeder roots on inoculated potato plants. Results suggest that rhizoctonia disease in potato fields in South Australia is caused by a combination of different anastomosis groups and this has important implications for crop rotations. 相似文献
18.
关于RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI菌丝融合分类和有性世代的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
本研究收集、分离和鉴定了约250个代表广泛地理来源、寄主范围和病害类型的Rhizoctonia solani分离物。通过菌丝融合测定,把这些分离物分别归入AG1-AG5 5个菌丝融合群。用土壤覆盖培养法,诱导使AG2-1和AG4的各1个分离物产生了有性世代,鉴定结果表明它们都属于Thanatephorus cucumeris(Frank) Donk。本文对各融合群分离物的病理学、生态学和分类学问题作了初步的讨论。 相似文献
19.
Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4. 相似文献