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在高原地区退耕还草示范种植中,利用牧区广泛种植的一年生禾本科牧草燕麦Avena sativa与进口的多年生禾本科牧草细茎冰草Efymus trachycaulum混播。结果表明：燕麦和细茎冰草混播既能克服单一种植多年生禾本科牧草时的杂草危害问题,也能使退耕当年就获得较好的经济效益,解决了种植当年的收成问题,使项目建设的效益及早得到体现。第1年燕麦开花期鲜草产量为2.49 kg/m2, 细茎冰草第2年能够良好生长,第2年细茎冰草开花期鲜草产量为1.48 kg/m2,生长后期鲜草产量为1.76 kg/m2。 相似文献
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Abstract Four subtropical (Cenchrus. Digitaria, Anthephora and Sorghum) and two temperate grass species (Festuca. Agrotricum) were grown in a replicated field experiment at three levels of N application, with adequate P and K. Species were mown at 4‐, 6‐ and 8‐weekly intervals. DM production data for 6‐ and 8‐weekly and 4‐ and 6‐weekly intervals are presented for subtropicals and temperates, respectively. The object was to determine the seasonal accumulative DM production curves, productivity spread and quality, for use in fodder flow planning. The subtropical grasses produced 2 to 3 times as much DM as the temperate grasses : CGR 745—1237 versus 345—440 kg/ha/wk under supplementary irrigation. The subtropicals produced ca 2{h times as much under irrigation than under rainfed conditions. Festuca and Agrotricum, Digitaria. Athephora and Sorghum, Cenchrus, gave peak CGR's after 9, 15, 16 and 18 weeks after end of August, respectively. Irrigation resulted in peak CGR being reached earlier in the growing season than under rainfed conditions and in subtropicals maintaining a high CGR for 1½ — 2½ months longer. Various implications of the results for pasture management, and the fact that quality and DM yield generally are antagonistic in subtropical grasses, were discussed. 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2020,73(6):756-759
Approaches and techniques for control of exotic annual grasses are a high priority in rangelands including sagebrush steppe. Strains of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens have been proposed to be selectively pathogenic to multiple species of exotic annual grasses (“Pf,” weed-suppressive bacteria, “WSB”). However, defensible tests of the target and nontarget effects of these WSB strains in the field are needed. We evaluated the effects of D7 and MB906 strains of Pf WSB in sagebrush steppe invaded by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L), medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae L. Nevski), and other exotic annual grasses. We evaluated the WSB strains with and without herbicides (imazapic, rimsulfuron) or discing to mix surface-spray of the WSB into deeper soils, and we replicated these tests in three ecoregions that differed in soils and climate. Over 3 yr after treatment, neither WSB strain affected cover of exotic annual grasses, perennial bunchgrasses, or the total community, either with WSB alone or in combination with herbicides or discing. WSB has received considerable attention and is being applied across large rangeland areas, but the WSB strains and methods applied here were ineffective. We recommend any future use of WSB be applied in an experimental fashion, with experimental design and measurement of responses, until its effects can be proven. 相似文献
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Clinton A. Stonecipher Eric Thacker Kevin D. Welch Michael H. Ralphs Thomas A. Monaco 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(2):266-274
Invasive plants are spreading throughout arid and semiarid rangelands of western North America. Long-lived perennial plants that can persist under harsh environmental conditions are needed to compete with invasive species. The objective of this study was to conduct a long-term evaluation of native and introduced grass species planted to suppress and prevent reinvasion of downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae [Pursh] Britt. & Rusby), and annual forbs. Seeding treatments comprised three introduced grasses: crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum [L.] Gaertner × A. desertorum [Fisch. Ex Link] Schultes), pubescent wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia spp. trichophorum [Host] Beauv.), and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys junceus [Fisch.] Nevski); a mix of these introduced grass species, three native grasses: bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata [Pursh]), western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rybd.] A. Löve), and squirreltail (Elymus multisetus [J.G. Sm.] Jones); and a mix of these native grass species, or forage kochia (Bassia prostrata [L.] A.J. Scott). The treatments were seeded in October 2003. Frequency and biomass were measured in 2015 and 2017 in Howell, Utah and in 2015 and 2016 in Nephi, Utah. Crested wheatgrass persisted at both locations (> 62% frequency) along with the rhizomatous grass species, pubescent (> 65%) and western wheatgrasses (> 72%). Russian wildrye was still present at Howell (30%) with little remaining at Nephi (7%). Squirreltail frequency was 13% at Howell and 12% at Nephi. Bluebunch wheatgrass was no longer present at either location (< 1%). Forage kochia remained at Nephi (36%) with little remaining at Howell (4%). Downy brome was present at both locations and was suppressed relative to control plots, at Nephi, by crested wheatgrass and the introduced grass mix (< 9%). Downy brome was > 93% in all plots, at Howell, in 2017. In summary, crested, pubescent, and western wheatgrasses were able to persist over 12 yr at both locations. 相似文献
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观赏草是指一类形态美丽、色彩丰富,以茎秆、叶丛和花序为主要观赏部位的草本植物的统称。其茎美、叶色丰富多彩、花序五彩缤纷、植株随风飘逸,且具有极强的适应性,耐旱、耐贫瘠、抗病虫害,成活率高,养护成本低,成为园林景观设计中常用到的造景材料。本文就观赏草的国内外研究进展进行了总述,以期为观赏草的开发利用提供技术支持。 相似文献
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1986年我们从加拿大碧青种子公司引进牧草种子24份,其中豆科7份,禾本科17份,于当年秋播。从3年试种结果看,Glory苜蓿、Minto苜蓿、Algonquin苜蓿在北京种植,无论是产草量、种子产量、草质还是适应性均表现良好。Leo百脉根在北京可安全越冬,其特点是夏季生长繁茂,草质好,耐牧,耐践踏。Orbit长穗冰草、Chief 中间冰草、阿尔泰野麦草表现为抗寒耐旱,产草量高,但要适时利用,否则会降低饲用价值。俄罗斯野麦草、Nordan沙生冰草、草地看麦娘、猫尾草产草量一般,但草质好,春季返青早,枯黄期晚,可在京郊西部山区种植。无芒雀麦(2份)、鸭茅、牛尾草、(艹鹝)草(3份)均表现为适应性好,草质优,产草量高,是较好的禾本科牧草。白三叶、草地早熟禾可做为地被植物和草坪草。 相似文献
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本文就目前亚热带地区常见的或正在大力种植的三种主要牧草-矮象草、桂牧1 号象草和银合欢营养价值作简要综述,为亚热带地区因地制宜发展畜牧水产业提供参考依据。 相似文献
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青海环湖地区7种多年生禾草的引种试验 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
在海拔３２００ｍ环湖地区对７种多年生禾本科牧草进行了引种试验，经对各草种的生育期，株高，茎叶比，产草量，产籽量等生产性状测定分析，结果表明，７种多年生牧草中弯穗大麦草和多叶老芒麦各性状表现优良，可作为环湖地区改良退化草地的首选草种，其次为短柄鹅观草，糙毛鹅观草。 相似文献
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使它隆对几种草坪草生理特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对狗牙根Cynodon dactylon,杂交狗牙根C.dactylon ×C. transvaalensis品种Tifgreen(328)、Tifway(419)、Tifdwaf以及海雀稗Paspalum vaginatum,两耳草P.conjugatum,百喜草P.notatum,地毯草Axonopus compressus,类地毯草A.affinis,金叶钝叶草Stenotaphrum secundatum,竹节草Chrysopogon aciculatus,假俭草Eremochloa ophiuroides,匍匐剪股颖粤选1号Agrostis stolonifera cv. Yuexuan No.1新品系叶面喷施使它隆溶液,测定了部分生理指标.结果表明,使它隆对百喜草安全,0.1%使它隆溶液可用于狗牙根、海雀稗、两耳草、金叶钝叶草及假俭草草坪;高浓度使它隆总体上使草坪草叶片叶绿素含量降低、膜透性增加、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量增加. 相似文献
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10种禾草苗期抗旱性的比较研究 总被引：23，自引：9，他引：14
采用盆栽断水方式模拟土壤干旱胁迫,研究不同程度干旱胁迫对10种禾草苗期7种抗旱性特征的影响,结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度增加,禾草叶片含水量及相对含水量降低,叶片相对电导率与可溶性糖含量升高,重度干旱胁迫时,草地雀麦、无芒雀麦、苇状羊茅、沙生冰草和草芦根冠比增加,其余草种均有所降低,重度干旱胁迫对禾草株高胁迫指数与干物质胁迫指数影响不大;通过聚类分析可以将10种禾草按苗期抗旱性大小分为3类,强抗旱性禾草有无芒雀麦、草地雀麦、苇状羊茅,中抗旱性禾草有沙生冰草、蓝茎冰草、长穗偃麦草、鸭茅,弱抗旱性禾草有紫羊茅、猫尾草、草芦;通过主成分分析进一步确定10种禾草苗期抗旱性由强到弱的顺序为无芒雀麦>苇状羊茅>草地雀麦>鸭茅>沙生冰草>长穗偃麦草>蓝茎冰草>草芦>猫尾草>紫羊茅. 相似文献
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南京地区观赏草的种类、观赏价值及其造景配置 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：20
观赏草是一类日益受到重视的新型景观材料。在国外,观赏草越来越多地被用于园林景观设计和道路绿化中,然而目前我国对观赏草的认识和应用甚少。为了进一步探讨观赏草在我国的实际应用价值,通过对观赏草的种类和观赏价值作初步阐述,并提出观赏草在我国将具有广阔的发展前景,应大力开展观赏草的研究,加快其引种驯化、品种选育以及繁殖速度研究,以满足我国城市生态环境建设等多方面对观赏草的迫切需求。 相似文献
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多年生禾草混播草地初级生产力及群落动态研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
在青海环湖地区对3种多年生禾草的生态适应性、丰产性和种间相容性进行了试验,经连续4年的观测与分析,结果表明,3种牧草对试验区干旱寒冷的气候条件表现出良好的适应性.无芒雀麦和贫花鹅观草不能完成生殖生长过程,但营养体生长充分.在第2年和第3年,混播草地的初级生产力显著高于各单播草地,但这种差异在第4年已不存在.混播草地的三组分之间存在明显的种间竞争关系,垂穗披碱草竞争力最强,贫花鹅观草次之,无芒雀麦最弱.种群消长动态明显,垂穗披碱草在草群中的比例逐年增加,而贫花鹅观草和无芒雀麦逐年减少,无芒雀麦在第4年从混播草群中消失. 相似文献
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几种冷季型草坪草在关中地区的引种试验 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
通过对5种引种草坪草的物候期、覆盖度、生长速度、生物量及抗逆性等方面的综合研究,结果表明:5种草坪草均适宜在陕西关中生长.多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne品种爱神特和佳丽2号抗性较差;其中爱神特生长速度比佳丽2号快;而佳丽2号植株低矮、生长缓慢,可以减少修剪次数,降低管理成本.高羊茅Festuca arundinacea品种贝克、美洲虎3号和火凤凰绿期较黑麦草长,尤其是抗性强,对环境条件的要求较低,其中火凤凰更适合于高温干旱低养护管理的条件. 相似文献
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J M Van Heerden 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(2):43-46
Abstract Four pasture legumes and seven grasses were subjected to a range of cutting frequencies during the 1980/81 season. A wide range of responses emerged, judged by both the dry matter and TDN yield responses of the different species. Whereas two cultivars of white clover and Ruanui ryegrass were most productive with frequent harvesting (every 2 to 4 weeks), kikuyu and Sirocco Phalaris responded well to a long interharvest interval (8 to 10 weeks). A number of pasture types, including lucerne, Currie cocksfoot, K31 fescue and Ariki ryegrass produced well at intermediate harvesting frequencies (6‐weekly) while in yet others (Kenland red clover and Seedmaster Phalaris) yield was not materially different over a wide range of cutting intervals in the range 6 to 10 weeks. 相似文献
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内蒙古赤峰地区牧草与草坪草引种试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对自百绿集团引进的6种牧草,5种草坪草进行引种试验。对牧草的出苗速度、产量、抗寒性、抗病性、倒伏性,草坪草的出苗返青速度、盖度、抗寒性、抗病性、颜色等性状在内蒙古赤峰进行了2年的观察。综合表现较好的5个草坪草品种及2个牧草品种,可在当地推广。 相似文献
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《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2020,73(3):343-347
Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) seedlings suffer mortality if they do not occupy safe sites that provide establishment requirements. Previous research demonstrated that fall cattle grazing has strong potential for reducing invasive annual grass species dominance in winter-dominated precipitation areas of the Intermountain West. Fall cattle grazing reduces the volume of safe sites through the removal of standing dead biomass in the fall and early winter, when cheatgrass can actively germinate. This study continued an assessment of cheatgrass seed bank characteristics under fall-grazing and grazing exclusion treatments initiated by a previous study. A seed bank assay was organized into a randomized complete block, repeated measure design to assess cheatgrass seed bank characteristics from 2014 to 2017 in central Nevada. Across years, fall-grazed areas had about half the assayed seed bank levels (3 432 ± 2 513 seeds ∙ m−2) of ungrazed areas (7 187 ± 1 569), (P <0.0001). There was also a difference among years with 2015 producing higher assayed numbers in both grazing treatments. Combined plotted data from this and the previous study indicated that after several years of fall-grazing treatments, removal of fall cattle grazing for only 1 yr can result in significant increases in cheatgrass seed bank size. Conversely, reapplication of fall cattle grazing can quickly decrease cheatgrass seed bank potential. 相似文献