共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
马尾松间伐的密度效应 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用20年生马尾松间伐密度试验林的10年观测资料,分析不同间伐保存密度对林分生长和经济效益的影响。结果表明:不同间伐保存密度(1200,2000,2800和3400株·hm-2)对林分生长、林分结构及材种规格均有显著影响,其中林分胸径、单株材积、冠幅、冠高比随密度增大而减小,高径比、自然稀疏强度随密度增大而增大,密度对树高生长无显著影响;不同密度的林分蓄积量与出材量随林龄增长而差异变小;随着密度增大,小径阶株数率及小径材出材量所占的比例增大,而大径阶株数率与大径材出材量减少。综合效益核算、材种出材量及马尾松人工林生长规律,马尾松人工林进入中龄林期后培育纤维材与中小径材保存密度控制在B～D(约2000～3400株·hm-2)并在15～17年生时采伐效益较好,培育大、中径材林分保存在A～B(约1200～2000株·hm-2)间的密度效益较好。 相似文献
2.
为确定湿地松、火炬松工业用材林的适宜初植密度 ,在中、北亚热带地区 5个地点营建了试验林。依据 6～ 7a的调查结果 ,分析了初植密度对林分个体生长、群体发育、形质和材性等因子的影响 ,和不同密度下由于林分发育进程的不同所产生的生长因子的变化。综合分析生长和经济因素 ,提出了我国中、北亚热带地区两个工业用材林树种的初植密度模式。 6～ 7年生时林分平均胸径和单株材积各试点不同密度间大多差异显著 ,单位面积蓄积随密度加大而增加 ,小径材实际出材量以中密度为大。高密度林分个体分化加剧 ,现时间伐则属非商业性作业 ,且高密度林分造林成本较高。由于树种习性差异 ,相同条件下湿地松林分密度应大于火炬松。建议湿地松中小径建筑材和纸浆材的造林密度为 16 6 7～ 2 0 0 0株· hm-2 ,火炬松为 1111～ 16 6 7株· hm-2 。 相似文献
3.
[目的]揭示南亚热带杉木人工林材种发育的长期立地和密度动态效应规律。[方法]以广西大青山A(1667株·hm^-2)、B(3333株·hm^-2)、C(5000株·hm^-2)、D(6667株·hm^-2)、E(10000株·hm^-2株)5种初植密度、36 a生杉木(Ctmninghamia lanceolata)密度试验林为研究对象,分析密度和立地影响下材种株数与材种材积分布的动态变化规律。[结果]杉木林分小径材株数和材积比率在初期随林龄增长而递增,达峰值后随林龄增长而减少,初植密度越小、立地指数级越高,减少速度越快;中、大径材株数和材积比率随林龄增长而增加,初植密度越小、立地指数级越高,增速越快。18立地指数级D及以下密度林分28 a生前中径材材积比例约50%;36 a生时A密度林分大径材材积比例约50%。16立地指数级中低初植密度林分中径材材积比例均超过45%,且以C密度林分最高、约48%;36 a生时A密度林分大径材材积比例超过26%。14立地指数级,A密度林分中径材材积比例24 a生时达44%,A、B、D密度林分小径材材积分别于12、18、24 a生时达83%、76%、69%o 10立地指数级C、E密度林分36 a生时小径材材积比例分别达71%、61%。[结论]杉木林材种形成与立地、密度和林龄关系密切,立地质量具决定性作用,而培育高规格材种时初植密度亦可成为关键限制因素。初植密度越低、立地指数越高,越利于中、大径材形成。在杉木南带产区,10指数级立地短周期经营时只适宜培育小径材及小条木。14指数级立地适宜培育中、小径材,若以中径材为第一培育材种时初植密度宜低。16指数级立地适宜培育中径材,长周期经营时也可培育大径材,但初植密度不宜超1667株·hm^-2。18指数级立地中径材生产潜力很大,但更宜培育大径材,且初植密度宜控制在A密度,轮伐期不宜低于36 a。 相似文献
4.
5.
该项试验共分2个部分.(1)造林密度试验,小区面积为600
m2,5个处理,即1 667株.hm-2(A)、3 333株.hm-2(B)、4～983株.hm-2(C)、6 633株.hm-2(D)、9967株.hm-2(E);(2)造林密度调控试验,造林设计方法与造林密度试验相同,但在林分生长过程中,按密度管理图的密管线0.5为标准进行间伐,间伐后保留密度要与临近的下一个初植密度较稀植的林分密度基本相同,两者进行比较.试验结果(1)造林密度试验,优势高、平均高、平均胸径均随年龄的增加而递增,随密度的增加而递减,优势高9a、平均高6
a、平均胸径5 a,密度间差异已达显著性水平;林分蓄积量则随年龄增加而递增,5～7
a,密度间差异显著,8～18a,只有A密度与E、D密度差异显著;枝下高随密度、年龄的增加而递增,12～a后,C、D、E密度间的差异很小;冠幅随密度的增加而递减,随年龄的增加而递增,9～10a后,各密度则随年龄增加而缓慢递减.(2)造林密度调控试验,同一指数级,间伐后的林分与其密度基本相同未间伐的林分比较,其优势高、平均高差异不明显;立木蓄积前者小于后者;总蓄积(立木蓄积+间伐蓄积)前者大于后者;同一指数级,初植密度不同的林分,间伐后与密度基本相同未间伐林分的蓄积百分比,初植密度大的大于初植密度小的;指数级不同,而初植密度相同的林分,间伐后与密度基本相同未间伐的林分总蓄积百分比,高指数级的比值大于低指数级的比值. 相似文献
6.
通过分析1993年设立于广西东门林场的桉树人工林5种造林密度(1)2 222株·hm-2、(2)1 667株·hm-2、(3)1 250株·hm-2、(4)883株·hm-2和(5)667株·hm-212年的生长数据,计算了连年生长量、平均生长量、材种出材量、净现值和内部收益率.结果显示,6.3 a前5种密度蓄积生长量的差距达到极显著水平,8.3 a以后差异就不再显著;密度2 222株·hm-2、1 667株·hm-2和1 250株·hm-2的数量成熟均为6 a,密度883株·hm-2为6.5 a,密度667株·hm-2为7 a;造林密度越大,纸浆材的出材比例越高,而大、中径材出材比例越小,造林密度小,锯材和旋切材的出材比例更高;密度2 222株·hm-2、1 667株·hm-2、1 250株·hm-2、883株·hm-2和667株·hm-2的轮伐期分别为6 a、7 a、7 a、7 a和8 a,这时的净现值分别是17 661、18 457、22 257、24 755和24 007元·hm-2,内部收益率分别为56%、50%、55%、58%和51%;密度883株·hm-2有最高的净现值和内部收益率,是5种密度中最好的造林密度,其他从大到小的顺序是密度667株·hm-2、1 250株·hm-2、1 667株·hm-2和2 222株·hm-2. 相似文献
7.
在 6～ 18年生湿地松、火炬松用材林中布置了 10片间伐强度试验林 ,对不同间伐处理的林分测树因子和间伐作业经济效益进行了分析 ,最后确定了两个树种工业用材林密度调控方案。正常情况下 ,2 0 0 0株· hm-2以下密度林分 8年生后间伐即有收益 ,而首次间伐龄应在 12年生之前方能使保留木生长速率获得提高。通过间伐可使立木规格材出材率略有提高 ,但伐后 4～ 6 a间 ,立木蓄积量、规格材出材量、林分总收获量基本上随间伐强度加大而减少 ,两次间伐的间隔期至少应在6 a以上。综合考虑立地条件、生长效应和经营目的 ,认为两个树种工业用材林营建应选择立地指数14～ 18林地 ,培育纸浆材林分 ,初植密度 2 0 0 0～ 16 6 7株· hm-2 ,或 15年生主伐 ,或 8～ 10年生作中强度间伐至 12 0 0株· hm-2左右 ,18～ 2 0年生主伐 ;培育建筑材 ,初植密度 16 6 7～ 1111株·hm-2 ,10～ 12年生第 1次间伐至 110 0～ 80 0株· hm-2 ,16～ 18年生第 2次间伐至 80 0～ 50 0株·hm-2 ,2 0～ 2 5年生时主伐 相似文献
8.
尾叶桉U6无性系林分密度效应研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
文章分析了造林密度对6年生尾叶桉U6无性系林分各生长因子的影响，结果表明：造林密度对桉树人工林各林分生长因子的影响显著性不同，密度与胸径、单株材积生长呈显著负相关关系，6年生U6无性系人工林平均胸径及平均单株材积生长量以密度D(1665株/hm^2)＞C(2250株/hm^2)＞B(2812株/hm^2)＞A(3333株/hm^2)。密度对树高、林分蓄积量的生长均有一定影响，但差异不显著，林分平均树高生长量随着密度的增加而递减，林分蓄积量则以C处理最大，达153．9214m^3/hm^2；适宜造林密度范围在1536～2481株/hm^2之间。 相似文献
9.
10.
不同密度油松人工林水源涵养功能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨油松人工林不同林分密度水源涵养功能,以辽西地区35年生油松人工林为研究对象,对4种不同林分密度(1449株·hm-2、1949株·hm-2、2429株·hm-2、3418株·hm-2)油松人工林的土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤总贮水量、非毛管持水量、枯落物蓄积量、最大持水量等指标进行了测试。结果表明:不同密度油松人工林土壤容重在0～10 cm层随密度增大而增大,以1449株·hm-2林分最小,10～20 cm层变化规律不明显;0～10 cm层土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、土壤总贮水量、毛管持水量,随林分密度增加而减小,以1449株·hm-2林分最高,10～20 cm层变化规律不明显;枯落物总蓄积量、枯落物层最大持水率和最大持水量均以密度2429株·hm-2的林分最大,密度3418株·hm-2的林分最小,密度1449株·hm-2林分处于中等水平。综合试验结果,辽西地区油松人工林密度在1449株·hm-2其水源涵养功能多项指标优于其他林分。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献