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为探讨向日葵抗菌核病分子机制，在已构建的核盘菌诱导向日葵转录组差异表达基因分析基础上，筛选了8个向日葵防卫相关基因和水杨酸（SA）、茉莉（JA）及茉莉酸-乙烯（JA/ET）信号途径中的关键调控基因进行了qRT-PCR诱导表达分析。结果表明，当核盘菌侵染向日葵时，向日葵防御酶基因表达量与对照相比均有显著的变化，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）基因在6h表达量分别为对照25.02、22.34和26.25倍；苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和查尔酮合成酶（CHS）基因也上调表达，表达量在12h均达到最高，分别为对照的23.89、24.23和24.89倍；β-1，3-葡聚糖酶（GLU）基因在0～6h下调表达，之后又迅速升高，24h表达量达到最高，为对照的23.66倍；几丁质酶（CHI）基因先是下调表达，12h后开始上调表达，36h时表达量达到最高，为对照的22.13倍。SA、JA及JA/ET信号途径中的调控基因与未经诱导的相比均有明显的转录水平变化，而且JA/ET途径“节”点基因PDF1.2和SA-JA“节”点基因NPR1、MPK4和EDS1也明显上调表达。研究结果表明核盘菌诱导激发了向日葵多种抗病信号传导途径及防御反应，暗示向日葵对核盘菌侵染响应的分子机制受到多基因网络系统的调控。 相似文献
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【目的】水稻在孕穗期比苗期更容易感染穗枯病(Bacterial panicle blight of rice)并出现病症。本研究旨在探究水稻不同时期对穗枯病的抗性机理,为培育抗病水稻品种奠定基础。【方法】采用喷雾法和注射法分别对苗期和孕穗期的抗、感病水稻品种接种颖壳伯克氏菌(Burkholderia glumae),测定处理组与对照组的3种抗氧化酶(POD、CAT、SOD)活性的差异,并利用实时荧光定量PCR测定5种防卫反应基因(PR1a、PR10b、Rcht、LOX、PAL)的表达量。【结果】B.glumae的侵染能引起水稻活性氧的积累,提高抗氧化酶活性,使部分防卫反应基因大量表达,但是苗期和孕穗期的应答有较大区别。水稻孕穗期的抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT和POD)活性和防卫反应基因(PR10b、Rcht和PAL)的表达量比苗期高,但PR1a和LOX的表达量却低于苗期。【结论】B.glumae能诱导孕穗期的水稻产生更多抗病反应,参与抗病反应的主要是水杨酸信号传导途径。 相似文献
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水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
LOX3是主要的水稻种胚脂氧合酶同工酶。为了研究水稻LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用,构建了LOX3基因的反义植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导法转化水稻品种武运粳7号和Kasalath,获得了转基因植株。PCR和Southern鉴定证实基因已经导入水稻基因组中,种胚LOX3缺失鉴定和半定量RT PCR分析证实反义RNA抑制了LOX3基因的表达。对T2代转基因植株进行了水分胁迫处理及稻瘟病和白叶枯病的接种鉴定。结果显示,与非转基因对照相比,反义LOX3转基因植株对水分胁迫、稻瘟病和白叶枯病都表现敏感,说明水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫反应中发挥一定的作用。 相似文献
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褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens Stål., BPH）是水稻最主要的害虫之一,给水稻生产造成严重的危害。携带不同抗性基因的抗褐飞虱水稻材料抗性机制不同,挖掘普通野生稻抗褐飞虱基因并研究其介导的抗性机制及相关信号通路对水稻育种具有重要的意义。本研究基于课题组前期从广西普通野生稻‘W2183'挖掘出的位于4号染色体InDel标记S13和X48之间38 kb处新基因Bph36,以‘9311'和‘抗蚊青占'为感性对照,05RBPH16和NIL-Bph36为抗性对照,通过褐飞虱宿主选择性、蜜露量测定、褐飞虱存活率及褐飞虱生长速率等方法分析Bph36介导的抗褐飞虱机制;同时,以‘抗蚊青占'为感性对照,NIL-Bph36为抗性对照,通过qRT-PCR分析植物防御昆虫侵害的三大信号途径：水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯相关基因表达量的差异。抗性机制研究结果表明：褐飞虱在抗性材料植株上的虫口密度显著低于感性材料植株,抗性材料上的褐飞虱存活率、群体生长率及取食后排泄的蜜露量均比感性对照显著降低。Bph36介导的抗性机制是寄主抗生性和害虫趋避性相互作用的结果。qRT-PCR结果表明：褐飞虱取食后,各个时间段抗性材料NIL-Bph36植株中水杨酸合成相关基因EDS1、PAD4、PAL和水杨酸途径病程相关蛋白基因PR10的表达量显著高于感性材料‘抗蚊青占'植株中的表达量;抗性材料NIL-Bph36植株中,茉莉酸合成基因LOX2和茉莉酸积累基因AOS2的表达量比褐飞虱取食前显著提升,但是比同时段感性材料植株中表达量显著降低;褐飞虱取食后,抗、感性材料植株中乙烯信号途径基因EIN2的表达量都受到抑制,基因ACO3表达量都提高,但2种材料间的差异不显著。茉莉酸途径和乙烯途径参与了NIL-Bph36植株抗褐飞虱的基础防御反应,但Bph36激活的抗性不是茉莉酸和乙烯依赖的信号防御途径而是激活水杨酸依赖的系统获得性抗性。研究结果为进一步研究Bph36与其他抗性基因聚合,培育兼有多种抗性机制和防御信号途径的优良品种奠定基础。 相似文献
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OsWRKY IIa Transcription Factors Modulate Rice Innate Immunity 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
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Lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) is a major component of the LOX isozymes in mature rice seeds. To investigate the role of LOX3 gene under stresses, a plant expression vector containing antisense cDNA of LOX3 was constructed. Rice varieties Wuyunjing 7 and Kasalath were transformed by the Agrobacterium-mediated method and transgenic rice plants were generated. PCR and Southern blot results showed that the antisense LOX3 gene was integrated into the rice genome. Analyses of embryo LOX3 deletion and semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the antisense suppression of LOX3 gene in transgenic plants. The T2 antisense plants of LOX3 were sensitive to drought stress, rice blast and bacterial blight compared with non-transgenic plants. These results suggest that the LOX3 gene might function in response to stresses. 相似文献
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The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), on BPH and its host rice plants. Biochemical constituents of BPH and rice plants with varying nutrient levels at different growth stages, and changes in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants were determined in the laboratory. Feeding of BPH and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH with different nutrient levels were determined in the nethouse. Concentrations of N and P were found much higher in the BPH body than in its host rice plants, and this elemental mismatch is an inherent constraint on meeting nutritional requirements of BPH. Nitrogen was found as a more limiting element for BPH than other nutrients in rice plants. Application of N fertilizers to the rice plants increased the N concentrations both in rice plants and BPH while application of P and K fertilizers increased their concentrations in plant tissues only but not in BPH. Nitrogen application also increased the level of soluble proteins and decreased silicon content in rice plants, which resulted in increased feeding of BPH with sharp reduction of RWC in rice plants ultimately caused susceptible to the pest. P fertilization increased the concentration of P in rice plant tissues but not changed N, K, Si, free sugar and soluble protein contents, which indicated little importance of P to the feeding of BPH and tolerance of plant against BPH. K fertilization increased K content but reduced N, Si, free sugar and soluble protein contents in the plant tissues which resulted in the minimum reduction of RWC in rice plants after BPH feeding, thereby contributed to higher tolerance of rice plants to brown planthopper. 相似文献
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水稻黑条矮缩病毒对非介体稻飞虱——白背飞虱适应性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确水稻感染病毒病后对非介体稻飞虱的影响,在室内研究了水稻感染黑条矮缩病病毒后对白背飞虱的生态适应性及其体内相关的保护酶和解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明, 在感染病毒水稻植株上取食对白背飞虱若虫存活率、发育历期、成虫性比、雌成虫体质量、产卵量和卵孵化率等影响不显著,但雌成虫寿命和卵历期显著缩短。取食感病稻株的成虫体内保护酶(CAT、SOD和POD)和解毒酶(AchE、 GST和CAE)的活性均显著增强。结果证明水稻感染黑条矮缩病病毒后非介体白背飞虱的适应性提高。 相似文献
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氮肥对稻株含水量和伤流液的影响及其与对褐飞虱为害耐性的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在实验室测定了不同含氮量稻株的含水量和叶鞘伤流液以及被褐飞虱为害后稻株相对含水量的变化，在温室监测和评价了不同氮肥施用量条件下稻株对褐飞虱的耐性。结果表明，随着稻株含氮量的增加，稻株的含水量和相对含水量均显著增加，但叶鞘伤流液总量却明显减少。被高密度的褐飞虱若虫为害后，高氮肥施用量稻株的相对含水量显著低于低氮肥施用量稻株的相对含水量。这些结果可能是高氮肥条件下稻株对褐飞虱为害的敏感性增加的主要原因。 相似文献
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Water content (WC) and sap flow from leaf sheath of rice plants with varying nitrogen levels at different growth stages,and fluctuations in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants being damaged by brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were determined in the laboratory, and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH at different nitrogen regimes was evaluated in the greenhouse at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Philippines. The results indicated that both WC and RWC were increased significantly, as the amount of sap flow from rice plants was reduced statistically, with the increase of nitrogen content in rice plants. RWC in rice plants applied with high nitrogen fertilizer decreased drastically by the injury of BPH nymphs, while the reduced survival duration of rice plants with the increase of nitrogen content was recorded. These may be considered to be one of the important factors in increasing the susceptibility to BPH damage on rice plants applied with nitrogen fertilizer. 相似文献
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LuZhong-xian S.VILLAREAL YuXiao-ping K.L.HEONG HuCui 《水稻科学》2004,11(3):129-134
Water content (WC) and sap flow from leaf sheath of rice plants with varying nitrogen levels at different growth stages, and fluctuations in relative water content (RWC) of rice plants being damaged by brown planthoppcr (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were determined in the laboratory, and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH at different nitrogen regimes was evaluated in the greenhouse at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Philippines. The results indicated that both WC and RWC were increased significantly, as the amount of sap flow from rice plants was reduced statistically, with the increase of nitrogen content in rice plants. RWC in rice plants applied with high nitrogen fertilizer decreased drastically by the injury of BPH nymphs, while the reduced survival duration of rice plants with the increase of nitrogen content was recorded. These may be considered to be one of the important factors in increasing the susceptibility to BPH damage on rice plants applied with nitrogen fertilizer. 相似文献
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水稻根尖边缘细胞对铁胁迫的缓解效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从20个水稻品种中筛选出较耐亚铁的水稻品种协优9308和敏感品种IR64,采用静置培养（使边缘细胞附于根尖）和摇床培养（移除根尖边缘细胞）,测定根相对伸长率、含水量、根尖保护酶（POD、SOD、CAT）活性以及各根段铁含量,研究边缘细胞对水稻根尖铁胁迫的缓解效应。结果表明,铁毒处理抑制根的伸长、降低幼根的含水量,移除边缘细胞的根相对伸长率以及含水量都低于保留边缘细胞的根,且随着铁毒处理时间的增加,根相对伸长率和幼根的含水量总体呈现下降趋势。在200 mg/L铁毒处理下,根尖保护酶（POD、SOD、CAT）活性受到抑制（除静置培养下协优9308的POD活性外）,摇床培养对酶活性的抑制程度较大。铁毒处理使根段铁含量显著上升,静置培养下根段铁含量从0~2 mm到8~10 mm依次增大,摇床培养除8~10 mm根段外其余均无显著差异。说明边缘细胞在水稻根尖铁毒防御中起着一定的作用。 相似文献
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为了解寡糖诱导向日葵抗锈病过程中的信号转导途径,利用寡糖、水杨酸（SA）、茉莉酸（JA）预先喷雾处理向日葵叶片,1d后接种锈菌,通过对植株体内脂氧合酶（LOX）活性及SA含量的测定,并通过RT-PCR对SA、JA信号途径的标记基因PR5和PDF1.2等表达水平进行测定,初步确定诱导抗性表达的信号转导途径。结果表明：经寡糖诱导后,向日葵叶片内LOX活性降低,SA含量上升,且诱导水杨酸途径标记基因PR5表达量增加。结果说明寡糖诱导向日葵抵抗锈病主要与SA介导的信号途径有关。 相似文献
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【目的】为明确取食制霉菌素处理的水稻对褐飞虱[Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)]相关生理指标的影响,【方法】以不同浓度制霉菌素处理的水稻饲养褐飞虱,检测虫体内相关解毒酶含量与活性以及尿酸酶基因相对含量的变化。【结果】结果显示,取食制霉菌素处理的水稻,褐飞虱体内芳香基酰胺酶(aromatic amidase,AAD)含量前期下降,后期抑制作用逐渐消失,酶含量回升;虫体内O-脱乙基酶(O-deethyl enzyme,ODEE)含量在72 h的处理时长内显著低于对照;羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase,CarE)和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)的活性在不同浓度制霉菌素的处理下呈现不同的动态变化,高浓度制霉菌素(600 U/mL)处理的褐飞虱种群体内的CarE和GST的活性在处理时间段内均呈现诱导-抑制-诱导的现象,而中(300 U/mL)、低浓度(150 U/mL)处理种群中两种酶则随着处理时间的延长呈上升趋势。取食不同浓度制霉菌素处理水稻的褐飞虱种群体内类酵母共生菌尿酸酶基因在24 h、48 h之后与对照相比均无显著差异。取食48 h后,包括对照在内的4个处理尿酸酶基因相对转录水平均有下调趋势,当处理时长达72 h时,尿酸酶基因相对转录水平呈现上调趋势,但取食不同浓度制霉菌素处理水稻的褐飞虱种群体内含量显著低于对照。【结论】取食不同浓度制霉菌素处理的水稻对褐飞虱3龄若虫的4种主要的解毒酶具有不同的影响;制霉菌素处理可通过减少类酵母共生菌数量从而降低尿酸酶的含量。 相似文献
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Six rice cultivars viz. PR120, PR116, Feng Ai Zan, PR115, PAU201 and Punjab Mehak 1 under the direct-seeded and transplanted conditions were used to investigate the involvement of antioxidative defence system in relation to polyamine catabolism in temporal regulation of developing grains. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase(APx), guaiacol peroxidase(GPx), catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), polyamine oxidases(PAO) and contents of ascorbate, α-tocopherol, proline and polyamines increased gradually until mid-milky stage and then declined towards maturity stage under both planting conditions. The transplanted condition led to higher activities of antioxidative enzymes(APx, GPx and CAT) and contents of ascorbate, α-tocopherol and proline whereas the direct-seeded condition had elevated levels of PAO and SOD activities and contents of polyamines, lipid peroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Cultivars Feng Ai Zan and PR120 exhibited superior tolerance over other cultivars by accumulating higher contents of ascorbate, α-tocopherol and proline with increasing level of PAO and SOD activities under the direct-seeded condition. However, under the transplanted condition PR116 and PAU201 showed higher activities of antioxidative enzymes with decreasing content of lipid peroxide. Therefore, we concluded that under the direct-seeded condition, enhancements of polyamines content and PAO activity enabled rice cultivars more tolerant to oxidative stress, while under the transplanted condition, antioxidative defence with decreasing of lipid peroxide content was closely associated with the protection of grains by maintaining membrane integrity during rice grain filling. The results indicated that temporal dynamics of H2O2 metabolic machinery was strongly up-regulated especially at the mid-milky stage. 相似文献
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超高产水稻开花结实期间叶片衰老与活性氧代谢的关系 总被引：45，自引：2，他引：45
对超高产水稻培矮64S/9311和协优9308从抽穗到籽粒成熟过程中剑叶中H2O2 、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）、组织自动氧化速率、脂氧合酶（LOX）及保护酶超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶（POD）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ASP）的动态变化过程进行了测定。结果表明，协优9308的剑叶衰老较慢。2个材料的剑叶叶片衰老可能原因是叶片内SOD、CAT、ASP活性过早下降，LOX活性增加，进而导致膜脂过氧化，使活性氧代谢失调，引起叶绿素和蛋白质降解，培矮64S/9311的各项生理指标比协优9308早衰老，而且乳熟期是培矮64S/9311早衰的关键时期。 相似文献
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以表达水稻白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae）编码harpin广谱抗性激发子的hrf1基因的转基因系为材料,在温室和田间病圃鉴定它们对稻瘟病菌的抗性,分析转基因水稻抗稻瘟病的作用机制。研究结果显示,转hrf1基因水稻对稻瘟病菌ZC3、ZD1和ZG1小种表现高抗,对ZB13表现中抗,表明hrf1基因在水稻中表达可以产生非小种专化抗性。在稻瘟病圃中对水稻稻瘟病抗性鉴定结果显示,转hrf1基因水稻在T1、T3、T5和T7代对稻瘟病菌都表现很好的抗性,表明转hrf1基因水稻对稻瘟病菌的抗性能稳定遗传。 转hrf1基因抗病水稻中防卫反应基因OsPR1a、OsPR1b、PAL和Chia4a以及正向调控水杨酸介导信号传导的NPR1基因的表达显著增强。转基因抗病水稻中硅含量显著提高。Harpin编码基因在水稻中表达,可能通过激发水稻中防卫反应基因的表达,提高水稻中硅含量等,从而使水稻产生对稻瘟病菌的广谱抗性。 相似文献