共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
为探寻环境友好的秸秆预处理方法,提高秸秆等生物质资源的利用效率,以水稻秸秆为原料,采用3种不同的低温等离子体装置：灭菌柜、介质阻止放电及射频电容耦合对其进行预处理,分别对3种方法的处理条件进行优化,并在此基础上考察预处理后秸秆对纤维素酶的吸附能力及纤维素和半纤维素的糖化效率。结果表明,与未处理的秸秆对照相比,3种方法均可以降低水稻秸秆对纤维素酶的吸附能力,同时提高秸秆中纤维素和半纤维素的糖化率;其中,介质阻挡空气放电对秸秆的处理效果最好,秸秆对酶的吸附率比未处理秸秆的对照组降低了67.6%,而纤维素和半纤维素的糖化率分别比未处理秸秆的对照组提高了34.6%和44.7%。该研究为今后利用低温等离子体预处理秸秆相关技术的改进和深入研究提供了参考。 相似文献
2.
Schunck CH Shin Y Schirotzek A Zwierlein MW Ketterle W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5826):867-870
We used radio-frequency spectroscopy to study pairing in the normal and superfluid phases of a strongly interacting Fermi gas with imbalanced spin populations. At high spin imbalances, the system does not become superfluid even at zero temperature. In this normal phase, full pairing of the minority atoms was observed. Hence, mismatched Fermi surfaces do not prevent pairing but can quench the superfluid state, thus realizing a system of fermion pairs that do not condense even at the lowest temperature. 相似文献
3.
Chin C Bartenstein M Altmeyer A Riedl S Jochim S Denschlag JH Grimm R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5687):1128-1130
We studied fermionic pairing in an ultracold two-component gas of 6Li atoms by observing an energy gap in the radio-frequency excitation spectra. With control of the two-body interactions through a Feshbach resonance, we demonstrated the dependence of the pairing gap on coupling strength, temperature, and Fermi energy. The appearance of an energy gap with moderate evaporative cooling suggests that our full evaporation brought the strongly interacting system deep into a superfluid state. 相似文献
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5.
Penn TC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,208(4446):923-926
6.
The polymerization of allylamine in a radio-frequency electrodeless plasma to form thin polymer films on microporous filter media provides very effective dry composite membranes for reverse osmosis. Salt and urea rejections as high as 98 percent and 46 percent, respectively, have been achieved from a solution containing 10 grams of sodium chloride per liter and 10 grams of urea per liter. The plasma conditions and polymerization technique are discussed. 相似文献
7.
在相对运动的微分方程建立过程中,由于惯性力与质点运动状态的关系远比真实力复杂,使惯性力的图示变得相对比较困难.通过对比惯性力分析的两种方法——图示法和分析法,指出理论力学教学中适当加强分析法的教学是提高学生解题能力的有效方法之一. 相似文献
8.
Movement in animal groups is highly varied and ranges from seemingly disordered motion in swarms to coordinated aligned motion in flocks and schools. These social interactions are often thought to reduce risk from predators, despite a lack of direct evidence. We investigated risk-related selection for collective motion by allowing real predators (bluegill sunfish) to hunt mobile virtual prey. By fusing simulated and real animal behavior, we isolated predator effects while controlling for confounding factors. Prey with a tendency to be attracted toward, and to align direction of travel with, near neighbors tended to form mobile coordinated groups and were rarely attacked. These results demonstrate that collective motion could evolve as a response to predation, without prey being able to detect and respond to predators. 相似文献
9.
高校国有资产是高校赖以生存与发展及高校综合实力的重要组成部分,也是教学、科研和人才培养的重要支撑条件。目前高校的国有资产管理意识薄弱,体制不完善、缺乏监督机构等问题,导致国有资产管理局面混乱、国有资产流失和浪费等现象普遍存在,完善高校国有资产的管理已经迫在眉睫。本文在分析高校国有资产管理现状的基础上,提出了完善高校国有资产管理的几点建议。 相似文献
10.
Hirosawa I Prassides K Mizuki J Tanigaki K Gevaert M Lappas A Cockcroft JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,264(5163):1294-1297
The x-ray diffraction of the nonsuperconducting ternary fulleride Li(2)CsC(60) reveals at room temperature a face-centered-cubic (Fm3m) disordered structure that persists to a temperature of 13 Kelvin. The crystal structure is best modeled as containing quasispherical [radius of 3.556(4) angstroms] C(60)(3-) ions, in sharp contrast to their orientational state in superconducting face-centered-cubic K(3)C(60) (merohedral disorder) and primitive cubic Na(2)CsC(60) (orientational order). The orientational disorder of the carbon atoms on the C(60)(3-) sphere was analyzed with symmetry-adapted spherical-harmonic functions. Excess atomic density is evident in the <111> directions, indicating strong bonding Li(+)-C interactions, not encountered before in any of the superconducting alkali fullerides. The intercalate-carbon interactions and the orientational state of the fullerenes have evidently affected the superconducting pair-binding mechanism in this material. 相似文献
11.
Single-file diffusion, prevalent in many processes, refers to the restricted motion of interacting particles in narrow micropores with the mutual passage excluded. A single-filing system was developed by confining colloidal spheres in one-dimensional circular channels of micrometer scale. Optical video microscopy study shows evidence that the particle self-diffusion is non-Fickian for long periods of time. In particular, the distribution of particle displacement is a Gaussian function. 相似文献
12.
Anderson localization (AL) is a ubiquitous interference phenomenon in which waves fail to propagate in a disordered medium. We observe three-dimensional AL of noninteracting ultracold matter by allowing a spin-polarized atomic Fermi gas to expand into a disordered potential. A two-component density distribution emerges consisting of an expanding mobile component and a nondiffusing localized component. We extract a mobility edge that increases with the disorder strength, whereas the thermally averaged localization length is shown to decrease with disorder strength and increase with particle energy. These measurements provide a benchmark for more sophisticated theories of AL. 相似文献
13.
对大断面欧洲赤松(Pinus sylvestris)进行真空变定/真空高频干燥及高温变定/高温干燥,对比研究木材表面变定对干燥材含水率分布、颜色变化及开裂的影响。结果表明:与高温变定/高温干燥相比,真空变定/真空高频干燥后木材含水率在长度及厚度方向分布均匀,但厚度方向上与高温干燥相反,呈现心层低、表层高的趋势。总处理时间基本一致,但高频真空干燥时间比高温干燥少9 h,干燥速度更快。高温干燥的L*、a*、b*及ΔE*的变化幅度分别是高频真空干燥的2.9、1.8、3.0及2.9倍,高频真空干燥后木材变色小,干燥后表面开裂宽度及长度比均小于高温干燥。干燥后木材含水率及开裂符合GB/T 6491—2012Ⅲ级室外建筑用材标准,对大断面木材做真空变定/真空高频干燥是一种更为优良的干燥方法。 相似文献
14.
From disorder to order in marching locusts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Buhl J Sumpter DJ Couzin ID Hale JJ Despland E Miller ER Simpson SJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1402-1406
Recent models from theoretical physics have predicted that mass-migrating animal groups may share group-level properties, irrespective of the type of animals in the group. One key prediction is that as the density of animals in the group increases, a rapid transition occurs from disordered movement of individuals within the group to highly aligned collective motion. Understanding such a transition is crucial to the control of mobile swarming insect pests such as the desert locust. We confirmed the prediction of a rapid transition from disordered to ordered movement and identified a critical density for the onset of coordinated marching in locust nymphs. We also demonstrated a dynamic instability in motion at densities typical of locusts in the field, in which groups can switch direction without external perturbation, potentially facilitating the rapid transfer of directional information. 相似文献
15.
Stick-slip, or interrupted, motion rather than smooth uninterrupted motion occurs in many different phenomena such as friction, fluid flow, material fracture and wear, sound generation, and sensory "texture." During stick-slip, a system is believed to undergo transitions between a static (solid-like) state and a kinetic (liquid-like) state. The stick-slip motion between various types of pretreated surfaces was measured, and a second, much more kinetic state that exhibits ultra-low friction was found. Transitions to and from this super-kinetic state also give rise to stick-slip motion but are fundamentally different from conventional static-kinetic transitions. The results here suggest practical conditions for the control of unwanted stick-slip and the attainment of ultra-low friction. 相似文献
16.
不同低温胁迫下早钟6号枇杷幼果细胞超微结构的变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以枇杷品种早钟6号幼果为试材,采用人工降温的方法,研究低温胁迫下枇杷幼果超微结构的变化.结果表明:6、3℃低温胁迫下,幼果果肉细胞质膜、液泡膜清晰,叶绿体、线粒体结构没有明显变化;0℃低温胁迫下,原生质膜、液泡膜结构完整,叶绿体结构受到较为严重的破坏,线粒体双层膜结构依稀可见,但已经没有明显的内脊,内部呈小泡化;-3℃低温胁迫下,原生质膜、液泡膜均破裂,原生质体浓缩,叶绿体扭曲变形、相互融合,线粒体膜结构受损,内脊消失.可见,一定的低温会对枇杷幼果产生不同程度的伤害,尤其在0℃以下的低温胁迫幼果冻害严重. 相似文献
17.
A process for producing patterned metal deposits on fluoropolymeric substrates is described. A metal ion-chelating organosilane is chemisorbed by self-assembly onto a fluoropolymer surface after radio-frequency glow discharge plasma surface hydroxylation. Positional modulation of the surface hydrophobicity is illustrated by wetting. The silane covalently binds an aqueous palladium catalyst and subsequent electroless deposition yields homogeneous or patterned metal deposits that exhibit excellent adhesion to the fluoropolymer. 相似文献
18.
Montgomery RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,184(4136):562-563
The entropy of disorder of the idealized crystal structure of monoclinic sulfur at high temperatures is equal to the extra entropy change in the lambda-type (second order transformation type) heat capacity anomaly found at 198 degrees K. The extrapolated entropy is zero at 0 degrees K. The partially disordered crystal structure gradually becomes ordered as the temperature is lowered. 相似文献
19.
The ability to generate regular spatial arrangements of particles is an important technological and fundamental aspect of colloidal science. We showed that colloidal particles confined to a few-micrometer-thick layer of a nematic liquid crystal form two-dimensional crystal structures that are bound by topological defects. Two basic crystalline structures were observed, depending on the ordering of the liquid crystal around the particle. Colloids inducing quadrupolar order crystallize into weakly bound two-dimensional ordered structure, where the particle interaction is mediated by the sharing of localized topological defects. Colloids inducing dipolar order are strongly bound into antiferroelectric-like two-dimensional crystallites of dipolar colloidal chains. Self-assembly by topological defects could be applied to other systems with similar symmetry. 相似文献
20.
We consider trapped atomic Fermi gases with Feshbach-resonance enhanced interactions in pseudogap and superfluid temperatures. We calculate the spectrum of radio-frequency (or laser) excitations for transitions that transfer atoms out of the superfluid state. The spectrum displays the pairing gap and also the contribution of unpaired atoms, that is, in-gap excitations. The results support the conclusion that a superfluid, in which pairing is a manybody effect, was observed in recent experiments on radio-frequency spectroscopy of the pairing gap. 相似文献