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1.
不同加工处理对大豆蛋白质瘤胃降解及动态降解参数的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的肉牛,利用尼龙袋法比较研究大豆粕、膨化全脂大豆与焙烤大豆对瘤胃干物质、蛋白质降解率及瘤胃动态降解参数的影响。结果表明:与大豆粕相比,膨化全脂大豆及焙烤大豆的干物质及蛋白质的快速降解组分(a)比例显著下降(P<0.0001),慢速降解组分(b)比例显著提高(P<0.0001)。膨化能够显著降低大豆蛋白质的瘤胃降解率,进而提高蛋白质的过瘤胃比例。焙烤大豆的瘤胃干物质、蛋白质降解率显著低于大豆粕但高于膨化全脂大豆。 相似文献
2.
《畜牧与兽医》2020,(10)
为了评定不同组分植物甾醇(甾醇A～E)对瘤胃发酵参数的影响,利用体外瘤胃发酵技术在含60 mL瘤胃培养液及600 mg全混合日粮的120 mL发酵瓶中分别添加0、2、6、12μg植物甾醇,39℃恒温培养24 h,于3、6、9、12、24 h读取产气量,发酵终止时测定产气量、底物降解率、氨态氮、微生物蛋白、pH值及挥发性脂肪酸产量。结果显示:添加的植物甾醇组分、浓度对体外发酵干物质降解率和乙酸/丙酸均有显著影响(P0.05),组分对氨态氮浓度有显著影响(P0.05),甾醇浓度对乳酸、菌体蛋白、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度以及pH值、总产气量有显著影响(P0.05),且组分与浓度在体外发酵产气量、干物质降解率、菌体蛋白和乙酸/丙酸上均存在交互作用(P0.05)。发酵结束后,浓度为0.03μg/mL的B甾醇组累积产气量与丙酸浓度最高,乳酸浓度最低,B组平均氨态氮含量最低,浓度为0.03μg/mL分组的平均干物质降解率、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸最高。提示:在饲料中添加适量植物甾醇,可以促进瘤胃发酵,改善瘤胃功能,添加甾醇B,添加浓度为0.03μg/mL时效果更为明显。 相似文献
3.
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(8)
试验旨在比较3种不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维比(NFC/NDF)日粮的体外发酵效果。试验制成3组NFC/NDF比例分别为1.23(Ⅰ)、1.61(Ⅱ)、2.00(Ⅲ)的日粮,采用体外产气法与人工瘤胃持续发酵法相结合,研究瘤胃发酵参数随NFC/NDF比例的变化。结果表明:各组培养液pH在4 h后均降低,Ⅲ组pH降低最快;48 h时,Ⅲ组的氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组;随着NFC/NDF比例的升高,总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、丙酸含量逐渐升高,乙酸含量、乙/丙值逐渐降低;48 h时,Ⅱ组干物质降解率、干物质有效降解率、NDF降解率和NDF有效降解率均高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组;48 h,Ⅲ组产气量最大,Ⅲ组的潜在产气量及产气速率均高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组;由相关性可知,干物质降解率与NDF和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。由瘤胃发酵参数综合评定可知,NFC/NDF比例为1.61时更适合瘤胃发酵;干物质降解率与NDF、ADF含量呈显著负相关,12 h产气量与干物质降解率的相关性最高。 相似文献
4.
试验通过活体外产气量方法,研究了不同饱和度的脂肪酸对β-胡萝卜素瘤胃降解率的影响。结果表明:体外发酵0.5￣2h,对照组β-胡萝卜素瘤胃降解率均显著高于处理组(P<0.05),而处理组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。体外发酵4h开始,对照组瘤胃内β-胡萝卜素降解率均显著低于处理组(P<0.01),而处理组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。油脂的饱和度对β-胡萝卜素瘤胃液内的降解率没有影响,但油脂添加使发酵初期β-胡萝卜素的降解速度变慢,而发酵2h后降解率迅速升高。 相似文献
5.
选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定蓖麻蛋白粉和豆饼瘤胃降解率.结果表明:脱毒蓖麻蛋白粉干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质瘤胃降解率、瘤胃快速降解部分(a)均显著低于豆饼(P<0.05),而瘤胃慢速降解部分(b)明显高于豆饼(P<0.05).CBM-Ⅰ级蛋白粉干物质、有机物瘤胃降解率、瘤胃快速降解部分和瘤胃慢速降解部分均明显高于CBM-Ⅱ级蛋白粉和CBM-Ⅲ级蛋白粉(P<0.05),CBM-Ⅱ级蛋白粉明显高于CBM-Ⅲ级蛋白粉(P<0.05).CBM-Ⅰ级蛋白粉粗蛋白质瘤胃降解率与CBM-Ⅱ级蛋白粉差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于CBM-Ⅲ级蛋白粉(P<0.05).脱毒蓖麻蛋白粉的过瘤胃粗蛋白质高于豆饼. 相似文献
6.
选4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定蓖麻蛋白粉和豆饼瘤胃降解率.结果表明:脱毒蓖麻蛋白粉干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质瘤胃降解率、瘤胃快速降解部分(a)均显著低于豆饼(P<0.05),而瘤胃慢速降解部分(b)明显高于豆饼(P<0.05).CBM-Ⅰ级蛋白粉干物质、有机物瘤胃降解率、瘤胃快速降解部分和瘤胃慢速降解部分均明显高于CBM-Ⅱ级蛋白粉和CBM-Ⅲ级蛋白粉(P<0.05),CBM-Ⅱ级蛋白粉明显高于CBM-Ⅲ级蛋白粉(P<0.05).CBM-Ⅰ级蛋白粉粗蛋白质瘤胃降解率与CBM-Ⅱ级蛋白粉差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于CBM-Ⅲ级蛋白粉(P<0.05).脱毒蓖麻蛋白粉的过瘤胃粗蛋白质高于豆饼. 相似文献
7.
本文旨在比较研究毛茛科植物提取物、莫能霉素和苹果酸对小麦粉的肉牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响效果。试验采用体外产气量法进行。瘤胃液供体动物为3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的本地黄牛,发酵底物为小麦粉。试验设3个处理组:毛茛科植物提取物组(200mg/L)、莫能霉素组(5mg/L)和苹果酸组(10mmol/L),对照组不添加调控剂。结果表明,各处理组之间小麦粉DM降解率差异不显著(P=0.06),活体外24h产气量、理论最大产气量、产气速率和产气延滞期差异极显著(P<0.01)。植物提取物处理组能明显提高发酵液pH,而莫能霉素和苹果酸处理组导致发酵液pH下降(P<0.05),不同处理组间各发酵时间点的发酵液中乳酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)且均较低。各处理组之间的总挥发性脂肪酸产量无显著性差异(P>0.05),但各种挥发性脂肪酸的摩尔百分比例差异显著(P<0.05)。本试验中3个处理组均能明显改变小麦粉的体外发酵。与莫能霉素相比,提取物能明显提高小麦粉体外发酵液pH,增加总挥发性脂肪酸产量,改变各种挥发性脂肪酸的摩尔百分比例,而苹果酸处理对小麦粉体外发酵的调控效果不理想。 相似文献
8.
发酵玉米蛋白粉对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性及微生物菌群的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验旨在研究全混合日粮(TMR)中添加发酵玉米蛋白粉(fermented corn gluten meal,FCGM)对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵特性及微生物菌群的影响。选用3头体重(600±25)kg,安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体,发酵底物为TMR,分为对照组和3个试验组,各组分别在发酵液中添加0、0.3、0.6、0.9g/L FCGM(干物质基础),每个处理3个重复。记录体外发酵12、24、36和48h产气量,测定体外发酵12、24和48h发酵液pH、体外干物质消失率(IVDMD)、纤维素酶活性、氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和菌体蛋白浓度,并测定体外发酵24h发酵液中瘤胃微生物菌群相对丰度。结果显示:(1)添加不同水平FCGM组的体外产气量(除12h外)、慢速产气部分、潜在产气部分和有效产气速率均显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05;P0.01);(2)与对照组相比,添加不同水平FCGM处理组的发酵液pH显著或极显著低于对照组,纤维素酶活性、菌体蛋白、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮含量和体外干物质消失率均显著或极显著升高(P0.05;P0.01),且0.9g/L FCGM组达到最高。(3)添加0.6和0.9g/L FCGM组发酵液中白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、牛链球菌、普雷沃氏菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌、真菌和原虫相对丰度均显著高于对照组(P0.05),且0.9g/L FCGM组达到最高,而产甲烷菌相对丰度显著低于对照组(P0.05),且0.9g/L FCGM组达到最低。综上所述,TMR中添加FCGM可提高体外发酵产气量,增加发酵液内纤维素酶活性、VFA、NH3-N及菌体蛋白含量,提高瘤胃内某些纤维降解菌、蛋白降解菌、淀粉降解菌、真菌和原虫相对丰度,降低产甲烷菌相对丰度,调节瘤胃微生物菌群结构,改善瘤胃发酵,其中以添加0.9g/L FCGM为宜。 相似文献
9.
甜菜碱对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《动物营养学报》2015,(11)
本试验旨在通过体外产气法研究甜菜碱对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响。试验分为3组,对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,分别添加0、1.2、3.6 mg甜菜碱于45 m L瘤胃发酵液和300 mg奶牛全混合日粮中进行发酵,于3、6、12、18和24 h读取产气量,并测定6、12、和24 h的p H,干物质降解率,氨氮、挥发性脂肪酸、乳酸和菌体蛋白含量。结果表明:1)在各时间点试验组的产气量均高于对照组,其中试验Ⅱ组在3和6 h显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2)随着发酵时间延续,发酵液的p H逐渐减小,且在6 h试验Ⅱ组显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验组的干物质降解率和菌体蛋白含量均高于对照组,其中在6 h达到显著水平(P0.05);试验组在12 h氨氮含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),试验Ⅱ组24 h显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验组发酵液中的挥发性脂肪酸含量较对照组有增加趋势;在6 h,试验Ⅱ组的丁酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);在12 h,试验组的异丁酸含量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),异戊酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),戊酸含量显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),乙酸/丙酸极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结果提示,添加1.2和3.6 mg的甜菜碱可以降低瘤胃体外发酵p H,提高产气量,干物质降解率,氨氮、菌体蛋白、挥发性脂肪酸含量,并呈现剂量依赖性。 相似文献
10.
低淀粉饲粮条件下不同瘤胃降解淀粉水平对体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究玉米作为淀粉来源的低淀粉饲粮条件下不同瘤胃降解淀粉(RDS)水平对体外瘤胃发酵的影响。以3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体,各组分别以不同RDS水平饲粮作为发酵底物,体外产气法测定培养48 h时产气量和瘤胃发酵参数以及24 h时瘤胃微生物区系变化。结果表明:1)随着饲粮RDS水平的提高,体外培养48 h时产气量、潜在产气部分和产气速率呈线性升高(P0.05),快速发酵部分产气量呈线性下降(P0.05),干物质消失率呈线性升高(P0.05);2)随着饲粮RDS水平的提高,体外培养48 h时发酵液微生物蛋白、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度呈线性升高(P0.05),pH和氨态氮浓度没有显著变化(P0.05);3)随着饲粮RDS水平的提高,体外培养24 h时发酵液中白色瘤胃球菌和嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌的相对数量呈线性升高(P0.05),黄色瘤胃球菌、琥珀酸丝状杆菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、牛链球菌和溶淀粉琥珀酸单胞菌的相对数量没有显著变化(P0.05)。综合考虑,低淀粉饲粮条件下提高RDS水平有利于瘤胃发酵。 相似文献
11.
12.
Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases. 相似文献
13.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献14.
15.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献16.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1982 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1983,24(7):227-229
17.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献18.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
19.
Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
20.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
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