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1.
利用北京花猪Ⅱ系二至四世代的个体测定资料,估计了猪的不同生长阶段日增重和料肉比的遗传参数。结果表明,０～２１日龄日龄日增重,２月龄日增重,３月龄日增重,４月龄日增重,５月龄日增重和６月龄日增重的遗传力分别为０７８、０７４、０４７、０５５、０３１和０２４;２月龄料肉比,３月龄料肉比,４月龄料肉比,５月龄料肉比和６月龄料肉比的遗传力分别为０４９、０１２、０２１、０１０和０２１;２月龄料肉比与６月龄日增重的遗传相关为－０３４５,６月龄料肉比与６月龄日增重的遗传相关为－０７４（Ｐ＜００１）。 相似文献
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法系獭兔数量性状遗传参数估计 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
用单元内同胞相关法对法系獭兔3个世代的繁殖性状和生长发育性状进行了遗传力估计，并对6月龄的体重体尺进行了相关分析。结果表明：产仔数（0．15）和初生窝重（0．20）属中等遗传力性状；21日龄个体重（0．42）、32日龄断奶个体重（0．38）及成活数（0．42）皆属高遗传性状；3月龄体重（0．37）及体尺（0．28－0．37）属较高遗传力性状，而6月龄的相应性状遗传力值（0．47－0．63）明显地高于3月龄。3月龄体重与6月龄体重、6月龄体尺间皆有很高的遗传相关（0．81－0．96）和表型相关（0．46－0．79）。 相似文献
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优质黄鸡矮小型母系繁殖性能的遗传参数估计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(23)
为了测定广东温氏南方家禽育种有限公司黄羽矮小型母系N303品系第三世代鸡群的8周龄体重、开产日龄、开产体重、开产蛋重、300日龄体重、300日龄蛋重、300日龄产蛋数,试验计算了各性状的遗传力、表型和遗传相关。结果表明:除开产蛋重、300日龄体重、300日龄产蛋数外,其他性状的遗传力估计值为中等偏上,各性状遗传力估计水平与正常型品系相一致;开产日龄和300日龄产蛋数之间为中等程度的负表型和遗传相关,而开产体重和300日龄体重之间、300日龄蛋重之间为中等程度的正表型和遗传相关。 相似文献
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该文资料取自1992－1999年杭州市种猪试验场所进行的长白猪SⅣ系选育工作中的5个世代肥育试验和146头猪的屠宰测定记录，采用公畜模型REML等方法估测了长白猪肥育、胴体及肉质性状的遗传参数。结果表明：平均日增重、达90kg日龄、饲料转化率等3个肥育性状的遗传力较高，分别为0．40、0．68、0．48。多数胴体性状的遗传力中等，少数性状较高，范围在0．20－0．70之间。 肉质性状的遗传力中等 ,范围在0．25－0．42之间，肌肉干物质含量的遗传力达0．88。平均日增重与饲料转化率及背腰厚的遗传相关分别为－0．24、－0．74；平均日增重与胴体瘦肉率的遗传相关达0．97；背腰厚与pH1及系水力的遗传相关分别为－0．38、－0．14。 相似文献
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应用动物模型REML方法估计猪遗传参数的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文以北京花猪为材料,采用动物模型非求导约束最大似然法（ＤＦＲＥＭＬ）对该猪群的遗传参数进行了估计。初生重、２１日龄体重、平均日增重、料重比、达１００ｋｇ日龄、６月龄体重、屠宰率、总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重的遗传力的估计值分别为０．２５、０．２１、０．３３、０．３１、０．３１、０．３４、０．４２、０．１４、０．１７和０．２１。出生重与出生窝重和２１日龄重、平均日增重与６月龄体重、出生窝重与产仔数、总产仔数与产活仔数之间存在着较强的遗传正相关;平均日增重与耗料增重比、达１００ｋｇ日龄与６月龄体重之间存在着较强的遗传负相关,出生重与产仔数之间存在着中等遗传负相关。 相似文献
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用MTDFREML方法估计大白猪遗传参数 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本研究应用ＭＴＤＦＲＥＭＬ方法对３４１窝大白猪选育群和１４７０头测定猪繁殖性状、生长性状、体型性状等进行遗传力和遗传相关估计,窝总产仔数和活产仔数遗传力分别是０．１１和０．１３。１６５日龄校正体重的遗传力是０．３１。校正背膘厚遗传力０．３８～０．５０。窝总产仔数与校正体重的遗传相关为－０．０２。窝总产仔数与肩部、腰部、荐部及三点平均膘厚的校正背膘厚的遗传相关是－０．３４～－０．６６。活产仔数与校正背膘厚的遗传相关是－０．０８～－０．１１。 相似文献
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Data on 4112 Muzaffarnagari sheep, maintained at the Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, India, and recorded between 1976 and 1999, were analysed to study the growth-related traits and their genetic control. The average weights at birth, and at 12 months of age were 3.1±0.2 and 28.0±0.6 kg, respectively. The pre- and post-weaning average daily weight gains were 127.8±3.3 g and 49.4±1.6 g, and the associated growth efficiencies were 3.59±0.08 and 0.95±0.03. Significant differences associated with the year of lambing were observed in body weight, weight gain and efficiency in weight gain at different stages of growth. The lambs born in the dam's second parity were generally of heavier weight and higher daily weight gain than those born in other parities. Males were heavier and had a higher weight gain than females at almost all stages of growth and the differences tended to increase with age. Single-born lambs had a distinct advantage over those born in multiple births at all stages of growth. The heritabilities of all body weights, weight gains and efficiency in weight gains at different stages of growth were moderate (0.18–0.26), except for birth weight, which was of low heritability (0.068±0.01). The phenotypic and genetic correlations among the different body weights were positive and high, except for birth weight. The genetic correlation of the pre- and post-weaning average daily weight gains with body weights were high and positive. 相似文献
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Carcass and growth measurements of finished crossbred steers (n = 843) and yearling ultrasound and growth measurements of purebred bulls (n = 5,654) of 11 breeds were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters. Multiple-trait restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was used to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations between finished steer carcass measurements and yearling bull ultrasound measurements. Separate analyses were conducted to examine the effect of adjustment to three different end points: age, backfat thickness, and weight at measurement. Age-constant heritability estimates from finished steer measurements of hot carcass weight, carcass longissimus muscle area, carcass marbling score, carcass backfat, and average daily feedlot gain were 0.47, 0.45, 0.35, 0.41, and 0.30, respectively. Age-constant heritability estimates from yearling bull measurements of ultrasound longissimus muscle area, ultrasound percentage of intramuscular fat, ultrasound backfat, and average daily postweaning gain were 0.48, 0.23, 0.52, and 0.46, respectively. Similar estimates were found for backfat and weight-constant traits. Age-constant genetic correlation estimates between steer carcass longissimus muscle area and bull ultrasound longissimus muscle area, steer carcass backfat and bull ultrasound backfat, steer carcass marbling and bull ultrasound intramuscular fat, and steer average daily gain and bull average daily gain were 0.66, 0.88, 0.80, and 0.72, respectively. The strong, positive genetic correlation estimates between bull ultrasound measurements and corresponding steer carcass measurements suggest that genetic improvement for steer carcass traits can be achieved by using yearling bull ultrasound measurements as selection criteria. 相似文献
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Giovanna Faria Moraes Luíza Rodrigues Alves Abreu Fabio Luiz Buranelo Toral Isabel Cristina Ferreira Henrique Torres Ventura Jos Aurlio Garcia Bergmann Idalmo Garcia Pereira 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2019,136(6):464-473
The objectives were to conduct a genetic evaluation of residual feed intake (RFI) and residual feed intake adjusted for fat (RFIFat) and to analyse the effect of selection for these traits on growth, carcass and reproductive traits. Data from 945 Nellore bulls in seven feed efficiency tests in a feedlot were analysed. Genetic evaluation was performed using an animal model in which the feed efficiency test and age of the animal at the beginning of the test were considered as a systematic effect. Direct additive genetic and residual effects were considered as random effects. Correlations and genetic gains were estimated by two‐trait analysis between feed efficiency measures (RFI and RFIFat) and other traits. Feed conversion showed low heritability (0.06), but dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain, RFI, RFIFat, metabolic body weight and scrotal circumference measured at 450 days of age (SC450) showed moderate to high heritability (0.49, 0.28, 0.33, 0.36, 0.38 and 0.80, respectively). Similarly, ribeye area, backfat thickness, rump cap fat thickness, marbling score and subcutaneous fat thickness also had high heritability values (0.46, 0.37, 0.57, 0.51 and 0.47, respectively). Genetic correlations between RFI and SC450 were null, and between RFIFat and SC450 were strongly positive. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of RFI and RFIFat with carcass traits were not different from zero, as correlated responses for carcass traits were also not different from zero. The Nellore selection for feed efficiency by RFI or RFIFat allows the recognition of feed efficient animals, with DMI reduction and without significant changes in growth and carcass traits. However, because of the observed results between RFIFat and SC450, selection of animals should be analysed with caution and a preselection for reproductive traits is necessary to avoid reproductive impairments in the herd. 相似文献
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旨在探究快速型黄羽肉鸡饲料利用效率性状的遗传参数,评估不同方法所得估计育种值的准确性。本研究以自主培育的快速型黄羽肉鸡E系1 923个个体（其中公鸡1 199只,母鸡724只）为研究素材,采用"京芯一号"鸡55K SNP芯片进行基因分型。分别利用传统最佳线性无偏预测（BLUP）、基因组最佳线性无偏预测（GBLUP）和一步法（SSGBLUP）3种方法,基于加性效应模型进行遗传参数估计,通过10倍交叉验证比较3种方法所得估计育种值的准确性。研究性状包括4个生长性状和4个饲料利用效率性状：42日龄体重（BW42D）、56日龄体重（BW56D）、日均增重（ADG）、日均采食量（ADFI）和饲料转化率（FCR）、剩余采食量（RFI）、剩余增长体重（RG）、剩余采食和增长体重（RIG）。结果显示,4个饲料利用效率性状均为低遗传力（0.08~0.20）,其他生长性状为中等偏低遗传力（0.11~0.35）;4个饲料利用效率性状间均为高度遗传相关,RFI、RIG与ADFI间为中度遗传相关,RFI与ADG间无显著相关性,RIG与ADG间为低度遗传相关。本研究在获得SSGBLUP方法的最佳基因型和系谱矩阵权重比基础上,比较8个性状的估计育种值准确性,SSGBLUP方法获得的准确性分别比传统BLUP和GBLUP方法提高3.85%~14.43%和5.21%~17.89%。综上,以RIG为选择指标能够在降低日均采食量的同时保持日均增重,比RFI更适合快速型黄羽肉鸡的选育目标;采用最佳权重比进行SSGBLUP分析,对目标性状估计育种值的预测性能最优,建议作为快速型黄羽肉鸡基因组选择方法。 相似文献
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试验旨在构建新疆褐牛不同生长阶段体尺体重性状的遗传参数估计模型,估计新疆褐牛生长发育性状的遗传参数,为新疆褐牛育种目标性状的确定和综合选择指数的制定提供理论依据。以1983－2017年收集的4个新疆褐牛核心育种场81头公牛后代的2 504条新疆褐牛体尺体重数据为研究材料,以初生及6、12和18月龄阶段的体重、体高、体斜长和胸围性状为研究对象,通过DMU软件构建多性状动物模型,以场、出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应,以加性效应和母体效应为随机效应,估计各性状的遗传力和遗传相关。结果显示,新疆褐牛初生至18月龄阶段体重遗传力估计值为0.22~0.61,体高遗传力估计值为0.43~0.46,体斜长遗传力估计值为0.29~0.52,胸围遗传力估计值为0.35~0.61。相同和不同生长阶段新疆褐牛各体尺体重性状间均呈现正的遗传相关和表型相关,其中相同生长阶段各体尺体重性状间的遗传相关系数为0.11~0.92,表型相关系数为0.05~0.92;不同生长阶段各体尺体重性状间的遗传相关系数为0.08~0.92,表型相关系数为0.01~0.72。18月龄与其他各生长阶段间体尺体重性状的遗传相关系数较高,且均属于中高遗传力性状。因此,在制定新疆褐牛综合选择指数时,应重点考虑18月龄阶段的体尺体重性状,从而进一步提升新疆褐牛生长发育性状的遗传进展。 相似文献
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Elise Norberg Peer Berg Jørn Pedersen 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):123-127
Abstract In this study, genetic parameters were estimated for the Danish populations of Danish Marsk, Finnish Landrace, Gotland Pelt and Spel for birth weight (BW), average daily gain until two months (DG2) and litter size (LS). A multivariate animal model was used for estimation of genetic parameters, including fixed effects, both direct and maternal additive genetic effects, common litter effects and permanent environmental effects. Mean birth weight and DG2 ranged from, respectively, 3.39 kg and 262 g to 4.61kg and 286 g. Litter size ranged from 1.60 to 2.07. Direct heritability for BW ranged from 0.12 to 0.24, and maternal heritability for BW was about 0.23 for all breeds. Direct heritability of DG2 ranged from 0.19 to 0.33. The heritability for LS was between 0.08 and 0.13. The significant genetic correlations between the direct and maternal effect on both BW and DG2 were negative. The genetic correlations between the growth traits and LS were not uniform. 相似文献
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Mahmoud ABDEL-AZIZ Shigeru NISHIDA Keiichi SUZUKI Akira NISHIDA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(3):187-193
Data from 1170 records of fattening calves were collected on growth and carcass traits from a Japanese Black cattle herd located in Miyagi prefecture, Japan. The objective was to determine direct and maternal heritabilities, direct and maternal genetic correlations and phenotypic correlations between bodyweight at the beginning of the fattening period (BWS), bodyweight at the end of the fattening period (BWF), carcass weight (CW), average daily gain during the fattening period (ADG), rib eye area (REA), rib thickness, subcutaneous backfat thickness (SFT), yield estimate (YE) and beef marbling score (BMS). Direct heritability estimates of 0.16 (SFT) and 0.07 (BMS) were low, whereas estimates of the other traits were medium to high and ranged between 0.44 (REA) and 0.78 (CW). Direct genetic correlations were all positive, except those that were between BWS and SFT, and between BWS and YE (?0.49 and ?0.14, respectively). The lowest positive genetic correlation was between BWS and BMS (0.04) and the highest was between BWF and CW (0.99). The phenotypic correlation coefficients ranged between ?0.41 (between SFT and YE) and 0.96 (between BWF and CW). Maternal heritability estimates were generally low and ranged between 0.00 for BMS and 0.08 for BWS, CW and ADG. Selection programs comprising information on growth and carcass traits of calves and maternal traits of dams were suggested. 相似文献
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This study estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters and annual trends for growth and fertility traits of Charolais and
Hereford cattle in Kenya. Traits considered were birth weight (BW, kg), pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) and weaning
weight (WW, kg); calving interval (CI, days) and age at first calving (AFC, days). Direct heritability estimates for growth
traits were 0.36 and 0.21; 0.25 and 0.10; 0.23 and 0.13 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Maternal
heritability estimates were 0.11 and 0.01; 0.18 and 0.00; 0.17 and 0.17 for BW, ADG and WW in Charolais and Hereford, respectively.
Direct-maternal genetic correlations ranged between −0.46 and 1.00; −0.51 and −1.00; −0.47 and −0.39 for BW, ADG and WW in
Charolais and Hereford, respectively. Genetic correlations ranged from −0.99 to unity and −1.00 to unity for growth and fertility
traits respectively. Prospects for improvement of growth and fertility traits exist. 相似文献
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Takeshi OKANISHI Masayuki SHOJO Tomohiro KATSUTA Kenji OYAMA Fumio MUKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):291-296
The performance test protocol for Japanese Black cattle was revised in April 2002. This resulted in restriction of access to concentrate (based on body weight) and modification of the concentrate's ingredients. Genetic parameters of growth and feed utilization traits of the performance test were estimated using 1304 records using the revised protocol. Residual feed intakes (RFIs) as alternative indicators for feed utilization efficiency were included. (Co)variance components were estimated by EM-REML. Heritabilities for growth traits were between 0.26 and 0.47. Heritabilities for feed intakes and conversions ranged from 0.25 to 0.37 and from 0.03 to 0.29, respectively. Genetic variances and heritabilities were lower for the revised protocol. Highly positive genetic correlations of daily gain (DG) with feed intakes indicated selection on DG is expected to increase feed intake. Selection on feed conversion may lead to higher DG. The heritability estimates for RFIs ranged from 0.10 to 0.33 and were generally higher than corresponding estimates for feed conversion ratios. RFI of TDN showed positive genetic correlations with all feed intakes. The reduction of feed intakes could be expected through selection on the RFI without changing body size. RFIs were considered to be alternative indicators to improve feed utilization efficiency under the new performance test. 相似文献
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Records of 9,055 lambs from a composite population originating from crossing Columbia rams to Hampshire x Suffolk ewes at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center were used to estimate genetic parameters among growth traits. Traits analyzed were weights at birth (BWT), weaning (7 wk, WWT), 19 mo (W19), and 31 mo (W31) and postweaning ADG from 9 to 18 or 19 wk of age. The ADG was also divided into daily gain of males (DGM) and daily gain of females (DGF). These two traits were analyzed with W19 and with W31 in three-trait analyses. (Co)variance components were estimated with REML for an animal model that included fixed effects of sex, age of dam, type of birth or rearing, and contemporary group. Random effects were direct and maternal genetic of animal and dam with genetic covariance, maternal permanent environmental, and random residual. Estimates of direct heritability were .09, .09, .35, .44, .19, .16, and .23 for BWT, WWT, W19, W31, ADG, DGM, and DGF, respectively. Estimates of maternal permanent environmental variance as a proportion of phenotypic variance were .09, .12, .03, .03, .03, .06, and .02, respectively. Estimates of maternal heritability were .17 and .09 for BWT and WWT and .01 to .03 for other traits. Estimates of genetic correlations were large among W19, W31, and ADG (.69 to .97), small between BWT and W31 or ADG, and moderate for other pairs of traits (.32 to .45). The estimate of genetic correlation between DGM and DGF was .94, and the correlation between maternal permanent environmental effects for these traits was .56. For the three-trait analyses, the genetic correlations of DGM and DGF with W19 were .69 and .82 and with W31 were .67 and .67, respectively. Results show that models for genetic evaluation for BWT and WWT should include maternal genetic effects. Estimates of genetic correlations show that selection for ADG in either sex can be from records of either sex (DGM or DGF) and that selection for daily gain will result in increases in mature weight but that BWT is not correlated with weight at 31 mo. 相似文献