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乳牛经长时间泌乳和妊娠后，营养消耗很大，为保证胎儿正常发育并弥补乳牛在泌乳期内营养物质的缺损，在乳牛产犊前2个月必须让其停止产奶，这段时间称干乳期。由于这段时间只有投入没有产出，饲养户极易忽视乳牛饲养管理，以至影响乳牛体质恢复和胎儿正常发育以及乳牛下一个泌乳期的产奶 相似文献
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乳牛干乳期是其临产阶段出现的泌乳停止状况,而乳房炎是乳牛在干乳期阶段产生的主要病症,如果不能够进行及时的救治,会影响到乳牛产后乳汁的分泌,可对乳牛生产性能和牛犊的健康成长造成影响。因此,养殖户需不断提升乳牛干乳期乳房炎的综合防治水平,降低乳牛干乳期乳房炎的发生率。 相似文献
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<正> 环境是指人类生存的自然条件。也包括一定的社会环境。它是作用于人类这个客体的一切外界影响和力量的总和。环境是人类及一切生物赖以生存的物质基础。光、热和噪音是7大环境污染之一。国外的报导仅限于某一单项的研究。尚未见到乳牛受光、热和噪音综合性污染的报导。现将污染造成的影响报告如下:环境与污染 南京长芦乳牛场于1981年从南方购买乳牛百余头组建成立。1985年整顿牛群后,乳牛单产保持在4000公斤左右,属于低产牛群。现有乳牛202头。其中泌乳牛120头,青年牛55头,犊牛27头,分别饲养在3幢牛舍内。牛舍向南,3幢牛舍由南向北排列,运动场设在牛舍西侧。整个乳牛场建在丘陵山坡上,分生产区和办公区2部分,环境清静幽雅。乡间噪音背景值为37dB(A)。两病检疫均为阴性结果。 相似文献
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本文报道了乳池内注射氧气治疗乳牛乳房炎的效果以及健康乳牛乳池内注入氧气时乳产量、乳的外观指标及单位容积乳内WBC数的测定结果。此外,还研究了干乳期乳牛应用氧气的可能性以及确定单用一系列抗微生物制剂或联合应用氧气对各种不同生理时期乳牛乳房炎的疗效。 相似文献
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奶牛低酸度酒精阳性乳产生的原因与防治 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
挤出后不久的新鲜乳,酸度正常(0.135%～0.18%),但酒精试验为阳性,称之为低酸度酒精阳性乳.此种乳在灭菌、浓缩、干燥等加热处理过程中,易形成凝固物而阻塞管道,使加工设备不易清洗,不仅影响牛乳的正常加工操作,而且也影响产品质量.低酸度酒精阳性乳是一种生化不合格乳,不能进入食品系列.据报道,这种乳遍布于世界各国乳牛业,是危害奶牛业的主要疾病之一.我省此病的发生率也很高,年均在32%以上,大大影响了我省乳牛业的经济效益. 相似文献
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酒精阳性乳症是危害乳牛业发展的主要病症之一;对某农场牛场酒精阳性乳病牛进行调查,并对病牛和正常牛的牛乳中若干指标进行对比检测;研究酒精阳性乳的营养成分和微量元素的变化,探索酒精阳性乳的发病机理。 相似文献
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中药乳炎康治疗乳牛乳腺炎的临床试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
乳腺炎是乳牛的常见病和多发病，给乳牛业带来巨大的经济损失，特别是隐性型乳腺炎，发病率高，个别奶牛场的发病率达60％～80％，但由于没有明显的临床症状，常被人们忽视。临床上治疗乳腺炎常用抗生素，但由于长期不合理的应用抗生素，使耐药菌株越来越多，不仅疗效不断降低，而且造成 相似文献
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1 奶牛酒精阳性乳症的综合防治原则 从阳性乳发生的原因可知。加强饲养管理,日粮的合理配比,改善各种不良条件,极大限度的减少各种应激原对乳牛的刺激,增强机体的适应性和抵抗力,使之全身生理机能和乳腺机能免受影响,则能很好的防治酒精阳性乳的发生。治疗时应根据不同临床类型采取辨证论治。 2 综合预防措施 2.1 努力使乳牛有个安静的环境,减少不良条件和刺激,极大控制牛体的应激反应。 特别是阳性乳易发情况如夏季、初冬,1～3胎,高产牛、产后泌乳期,低温、高温、高湿、中午及雨后24h内等等,要十分精心护理,尽量创造乳牛习 相似文献
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用气相色谱 质谱联用仪(GC MS)对牦牛乳、黑白花奶牛乳、犏牛乳及牦牛乳制品（奶油、酥油、曲拉、酸奶）中的脂肪酸组成进行了测定。结果表明,牦牛乳中功能性脂肪酸,如共轭亚油酸（CLA）、亚油酸（LA）、α 亚麻酸（ALA）、γ 亚麻酸（GLA）占总脂肪酸的比重均显著高于犏牛乳和黑白花奶牛乳（P＜0.05）;犏牛乳中ω 6/ω 3 PUFA的比值（1.55）略高于牦牛乳（1.54）,差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但都在最佳膳食平衡比值范围内,黑白花奶牛乳中ω 6/ω 3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比值（11.33）超过了推荐最佳比值。加工处理能够改变乳制品脂肪酸的构成,如牦牛乳奶油中检测出原奶中所不含的一种亚油酸（18:2Δ8c,11c）。酥油主要以不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）为主,而曲拉主要以饱和脂肪酸（SFA）为主,牦牛酸奶中没有检测到GLA。 相似文献
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For food evaluation the determination of the number of Staphylococcus aureus (hereinafter S. aureus) colonies is insufficient in view of present scientific knowledge. The results, advantages and shortcomings of diagnostic methods are demonstrated on an example of three methods of detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products. 133 strains were investigated by the method of biotyping of S. aureus strains. Four strains of S. aureus were included in biotype A, seven xin-producing strains were isolated seventeen times by detection of 96 S. aureus strains were not included in any biotype, the other strains belonged to biotypes C and E. This method can be used as an auxiliary method of evaluation of foods containing S. aureus bacteria. The agar-gel precipitation method of enterotoxin detection in isolated strains of S. aureus has just restricted validity. The enteroto-strains. The main shortcoming of this method is a fact that the result concerning the isolated strains need not be identical with the result of enterotoxin detection in food. Direct assays of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products using an enzymoimmunological method seem to be the most promising, mainly due to their high sensitivity (0.0001-0.001 micrograms.ml1-) and other advantages. Positive and negative results are presented on an example of two model trials with winter sheep milk cheese. 相似文献
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Ramírez-Rivera E. J. Rodríguez-Miranda J. Huerta-Mora I. R. Cárdenas-Cágal A. Juárez-Barrientos J. M. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(6):1295-1305
We reviewed information on dairy cattle production systems in the tropics, the factors involved, and their influence on milk composition. Genetic factors had greater influence on milk production; specialized breeds produced more milk, and there was an inverse relation between the content of fat, protein, total solids, and the amount of milk produced. Season was related to the availability of forage, and the type of grazing system. Greater pasture area increased individual production, while a greater supply of feed concentrate did not increase milk production. The number of calvings positively affected milk production through the fifth calving, with subsequent declines in production. Milk production increased to a maximum and then declined as lactation progressed. Specialized systems had higher production and better hygienic milk quality; milking and container equipment are critical for maintaining milk sanitary quality. Factor interaction is highly complex, preventing the generation of specific recommendations and general principles applicable to the specific conditions for each system.
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The survival of Brucella abortus in milk and milk products 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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Grant IR 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2003,44(3-4):261-266
The possibility that milk from cattle with Johne's disease could be a potential vehicle of transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) to humans has been the focus of a UK government-funded research programme at Queen's University, Belfast since 1993. The main findings of this research programme are reported and practical advice about the most appropriate methods for the isolation/detection of this organism in milk is given. The findings of several milk surveys during which optimised sensitive detection methods were employed (decontamination with 0.75% cetyl pyridinium chloride for 5 h prior to culture and a novel immunomagnetic PCR technique) have revealed that detectable levels of M. paratuberculosis are present in bulked raw cows' milk in the UK at both the farm level and at dairy processing plants prior to pasteurisation. Furthermore, results of three different experimental approaches to assess the effect of pasteurisation time/temperature conditions on the viability of M. paratuberculosis (laboratory pasteurisation studies, a national survey of commercially pasteurised milk, and processing of naturally infected milk through commercial-scale pasteurising plant) provide firm evidence that this organism is capable of surviving commercial milk pasteurisation on occasion. Hence, both raw and pasteurised cows' milk are potential vehicles of transmission of M. paratuberculosis to humans. 相似文献
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There are a number of factors that must be considered in any attempt to control animal drug residues in milk and milk products. Dairy herds vary greatly in number of cows. Milk from individual cows and farms is pooled, diluting drug residues that may be present in the milk from a single treated cow. Management techniques, including the handling, administration, and record keeping of animal drugs, vary greatly from one dairy to another. It is important that both veterinarians and nonveterinarians adhere to adequate milk discard times for animal drugs used to treat dairy animals. Observance of appropriate safeguards at the farm level, such as record keeping and clearly identifying treated animals, is critical for controlling and preventing the presence of illegal animal drug residues. Within the framework of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Public Health Service Act, the FDA is working with state and other regulatory agencies and industry to better ensure the absence of illegal animal drug residues in milk and milk products. Preventive measures concentrate on minimizing the need to administer animal drugs to lactating cows, and diverting milk containing drug residues from the human food supply. Monitoring programs concentrate on screening milk and tracing violations to the individual producer. Minimizing illegal drug residues in milk and milk products requires close cooperation between farmers, veterinarians, the dairy industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulators. 相似文献
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奶牛的产后瘫痪，是奶牛分娩后突然发生的急性低血钙症。以知觉消失、四肢瘫痪为主要特征，多产、产奶量高、青壮年的奶牛易发，如果治疗不及时，常导致死亡。近几年笔者对22例发病牛进行了诊断治疗，并对奶牛日常饲养管理状况进行调查分析，现将诊治体会报告如下。 相似文献