共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 295 毫秒
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普通小麦T型,V型和K型细胞质雄性不育系花粉败育机理的细胞学研究 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
从细胞学的角度对小麦８３（２１）３５核背景的Ｔ型、Ｖ型和Ｋ型细胞质雄性不育系的花粉败育机理进行了研究。发现三类不育系的小孢子发生过程基本正常，Ｔ型不育系的花粉主要在小孢子后期发生败育，以典败型和圆败型为主；Ｖ型不育系的花粉主要在小孢子后期至二细胞花粉期败育，以圆败型和浅染败型为主；而Ｋ型不育系的花粉主要在二细胞花粉后期至三细胞花粉期败育，以浅染败型和深染败型为主。药室合并现象普遍发生是Ｔ型不育系花药的一个突出特点，而Ｖ型和Ｋ型人育系花药各壁层的发育是正常的。核质发育关系不协调是不育系花粉败育的根本原因。细胞学观察结果可以作为不育细胞质类型划分的一项参考指标。 相似文献
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Triticum spelta 1BS染色体对K型小麦不育系花粉发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用非1B/1R与1B/1R类型小麦雄性不育系及保持系, 对2类K型不育系及其保持系花粉发育过程中丙二醛含量、花粉细胞膜透性、SOD活性、花粉发育形态等几个方面进行比较研究。结果表明,2类型小麦不育系花粉丙二醛含量和花粉提取液电导率从减裂期到散粉成熟期变化趋势基本一致,都呈上升趋势,而保持系在花粉发育全过程中2项指标都基本保持平稳。2类型不育系SOD活性从单核期到三核期都一直呈下降趋势。与保持系相比, 2类不育系的SOD活性从单核期到二核期均显著高于其相应的保持系,三核期均低于其相应的保持系,且呈继续下降趋势。推断2类不育系的败育过程和败育时期基本一致,花粉败育的关键时期可能均为单核期到三核期。但花粉发育形态的染色观察表明,非1B/1R不育系从二核期出现花粉形态异常,而1B/1R不育系到三核期才出现,似乎又反映出非1B/1RK型不育系花粉败育稍早于1B/1RK型不育系。 相似文献
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用混合品系分析方法(BLA)，在滇1型杂交水稻的保持系和恢复系中的DNA各取20个样混合，对OSR—33引物进行筛选，结果发现OSR—33引物在保持系和恢复系中有遗传差异。然后又用这对引物分别对保持系和恢复系的单株DNA样品进行扩增。另外，用滇1型杂交粳稻的保持系和恢复系与不育系进行测交，杂种F1花粉的育性经1％的I—KI染色。用扩增出的带型与F1花粉的育性进行相关分析，结果表明扩增出带型与花粉的育性呈显著正相关，两种带型对应的花粉可育率均值经t测验差异极显著，表明OSR—33标记与滇1型细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因连锁，由于OSR—33引物是设计在第10染色体长臂的中部，所以，滇1型细胞质雄性不育育性恢复的一个基因可初步定位于第10染色体长臂的中部。 相似文献
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应用基因型与播期互作效应分析水稻光温敏核不育系对光周期和温度的育性敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用AMMI模型、线性回归模型和系统聚类分析方法分析了9个水稻光温敏核不育系和2个对照不育系(培矮64,浙农大11S),在9个播期环境下花粉和种子育性的变化动态。从AMMI两维图可直观看到基因型与播期的交互模式,根据最大互作效应主成分轴IPCA1值和花粉育性平均值将不育系分成3个集团。第1集团是培矮64(1),浙大21S（10）和浙大22S（11）,具有较低花粉育性平均值和较高IPCA1值,表明它们对温度变化比较敏感,且有较大的负向互作效应。第2集团是浙农大11S（2）、浙大4S（3）、浙大7S（6）、浙大8S（7）和浙大9S（8）,其花粉育种平均值和互作值相对较低,变动在0.013-0.276间,暗示花粉育性对播期敏感度低。第3集团是浙大6S（5）和浙大10S（9）,花粉育性平均值高,互作效应大,该2个不育系尚有分离,且花粉育性对播期反映敏感度高。对光敏型和温敏型不育系而言,基因型IPCA值大小主要反映它们对光周期和温度敏感性强弱。花粉和种子育性在基因型、播期及其互作效应上都存在极显著差异。本文还提出利用育性相对稳定性的定量指标Di界定光温敏核不育的育性稳定性,分析表明,Di值与育种实践结果较为接近。基于AMMI模型的基因型主效应和互作效应分析可以明确划分不育系的不育期、育性转换期和可育期,并将水稻光敏型温敏型不育系区分开,因而该模型可为不育系应用于种子生产提供信息和依据。 相似文献
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两套粳稻雄性不育系(A)及其保持系(B)分别与宁恢3-2(R)杂交、回交、自交、获得两个组合的 F_1(A/R)、B_2(A//A/R)、B_2′(A//B/R)、F_2和 F_3,以花粉育性和种子育性作为恢复度指标,研究宁恢3-2育性恢复力的遗传。 结果表明,BT 六千辛 A 和 L 平壤3号 A的花粉以染败为主,在光学显微镜下不易区分分离世代植株中可育和不育花粉,故不宜用花粉育性作为恢复度指标进行遗传分析。以种子育性为指标,发现两个不育系是配子体不育类型,宁恢3-2对它们的育性恢复力是由一对显性恢复基因控制的。 相似文献
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滇Ⅰ型粳稻不育系花粉败育状况分类研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对供试的114个滇I型粳稻不育系花粉镜检，结果表明：滇I型不育系的大部分材料中均有染败花粉粒，但染败花粉粒所占比率因保持系来源的不同而有差异。其中有23份材料的花粉粒全部为圆败和碘败，这些材料以圈败花粉粒所占的比率较大，圆败花粉率占50％以上的有16份，占无染败花粉材料的69．56％，滇I型不育系中未发现全部为碘败花粉的材料。用败育程度较高(花粉粒全部为圆败和碘败)的不育系材料分别与南29和南34测交，杂交组合育性均可恢复，南29和南34对败育程度较高的滇I型不育系仍具有恢复力。 相似文献
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共征集到不同质源“三系”及水稻亲本3400多份。对2000份材料的近50项性状进行观察,评选出一批品质优、具有两个以上性状特异的“三系”材料。研究表明:(1)不育系的不育性及其稳定程度与花粉败育时期的迟早有关;不育系的花器特征和开花习性与不育系质源有关;不育系在一天中花时迟早和历时长短与不育系的感温性有关。(2)杂种F_1的生育期长短同其双亲,特别是与母本的感温性有关;杂种F_1育性出现分离和全无分离两种类型。 相似文献
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偏型、粘型和易型小麦雄性不育系的初步研究 总被引：51，自引：4，他引：47
调查了10种不同山羊草(Aegilops)细胞质的异质小麦品种 Chris 与1B /1R 小黑麦易位系77(2)杂交 F_1及回交后代的育性表现,结果表明:1.在同核背景下,山羊草不同种的细胞质在对77(2)的育性反应上明显不同,依此差异进行特定的质核组配,能得到更宜于培育杂种小麦的新型不育系;2.不同的不育胞质在同核背景下虽都能产生雄性不育,但 相似文献
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Inheritance and allelic relationships of fertility restoration genes for seven new sources of male-sterile cytoplasm in sunflower 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The inheritance of fertility restoration of six mitomycin C and streptomycin‐induced cytoplasmic male‐sterile (cms) mutants and one cms line derived from Native American cultivar PI 432513 in sunflower was evaluated. These seven new cms sources were also compared with the commercially used cms PET1 (Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.) cytoplasm, using USDA inbred lines with restoration genes (Rf1) specific for cms PET1 and new restoration lines identified for cms PI 432513. Restoration genes for cms PI 432513 were found in ‘Armavir’, VNIIMK, P21 and male‐fertile (MF) plants of PI 432513. F2 and F3 segregation ratios of crosses between cms PI 432513 and these restoration sources indicated a single dominant gene controlled fertility restoration. Progenies of cms PI 432513 testcrossed with F1’s of half‐diallel crosses among the respective four homozygous restoration lines and RHA 274 suggested that the restoration genes of RHA 274, VNIIMK, P21 and PI 432513 were at the same locus. Restoration genes from VNIIMK, P21 and PI 432513 satisfactorily restored pollen stainability in the heterozygous condition. A very weak expression of the Rf gene in ‘Armavir’ was observed in the heterozygous condition. Fertility restoration capability of these genes for the six mutant cms HA 89 and cms HA 89 (in PET1 cytoplasm) was observed. The mutant cms HA 89 lines were also restored completely by RHA 266, RHA 274, RHA 280 and RHA 296, and F2’s segregation ratios indicated single dominant gene control, implying a common cytoplasmic male sterility in all lines. F1’s of half‐diallel crosses among RHA 266, RHA 273, RHA 274, RHA 280 and RHA 296 were testcrossed onto the cms lines, and their all MF progenies among lines, except RHA 280, confirmed that fertility restoration was controlled by a single Rf1 gene locus. The restoration gene in confection line RHA 280, namely Rf3, was at a different locus than Rf1 and was equally capable of restoring all the cms lines. Cms HA 89 mutants and cms PI 432513 are in H. annuus cytoplasm, and are agronomically equal in hybrid performance to the cms PET1 used in commercial sunflower hybrids. These new cms lines will provide immediate alternative cms sources for reducing the genetic vulnerability resulting from the exclusive use of the single cms source PET1 in sunflower hybrid production. 相似文献
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Summary Fertility restoration genes in Triticum aestivum L. in Texas Restorer Composite (TRC), D6301, and four CIMMYT restorer lines were studied, and selection was made for higher fertility in TRC. Mean-while, outcrossing percentages of seed set for 27 spring habit cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) varieties were evaluated for 3 to 5 years at Davis. The winter-habit TRC material did not restore reasonably good fertility, and the response to selection for higher fertility seemed to be slow. This poor fertility could be partly due to its late winter growth habit causing flowering at a period of high temperature and low humidity at Davis. The highest F1 fertility was 46.6% in the cross cms Ramona x TRC-6, and its F2 segregated into the ratio of 15 fertile to 1 sterile, with fertility ranging from 3.2 to 100%. Suggested for its improvement was intensive selection in the original TRC material and in the segre-gating F2 population, followed by intercrossing. D6301 has 2 fertility restoration genes with different strengths which restore fertility up to 45.2% when both genes are heterozygous. D6301 is quite likely heterogeneous for these genes. Four CIMMYT restorer lines, D7464, D7465, D7466, and D7467, had satisfactory F1 fertility restoration after crossing with cms Ramona 50. In 1975, the fertilities of the F1's ranged from 71 to 85% and were over 90% in 1976. The F2 population of the cross cms Ramona 50 × D7464 segregated into a ratio of 3 fertile to 1 sterile, indicating that D7464 has a single dominant gene for fertility restoration. The F2's of crosses cms Ramona 50 × D7465, cms Ramona 50 × D7466, and cms Ramona 50 × D7467 gave a ratio of 15 fertile to 1 sterile, indicating that two gene pairs in these three lines were responsible for the fertility restoration. The best of this group was D7467 which restored fertility fully after being crossed with cms Ramona 50 (T. timopheevi cytoplasm).The early-flowering cms male-sterile varieties had higher outcrossing rates (16 to 38%) than late varieties (6 to 30%) over a 5-year period. This was due to hot and dry weather during the late growing season as well as to the rarity of windborne pollen. In 1970, 1971, 1972, and 1976, the variation among varieties was rather great. Some of them such as Roque 66 and Bajio 67, had consistently high outcrossing rates. This outcrossing ability seemed to be inherited and probably associated with the open-flowering characteristics of each variety. 相似文献
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玉米雄性不育的转育及应用研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
测定了141个玉米自交系对雄性不育胞质的育性反应,其中有33个系同时测定了对 C 型和 S 型(M 型)的反应。结果得出,自330、白自330、多黄15、525、D 729等5系为两型的共同恢复系,大多数自交系对不育类型呈专效作用,表明两类不育型的遗传基础有差异。M 型与 S 型的育性反应基本一致。育性稳定性研究表明,C 型很稳定,不易受环境 相似文献
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玉米细胞质雄性不育材料CMS-P的胞质分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用育性恢复专效性测定、PCR分类鉴定、类质粒鉴定3种玉米不育细胞质分类方法,对本室从爆裂玉米（Zea mays everta）种质中发现的玉米细胞质雄性不育材料“CMS-P”进行了胞质分类研究,一致表明CMS-P属于S型不育胞质。这为CMS-P的有效利用提供了理论依据。卡方测验表明,S组田间育性表现恢复的各组合花粉可染率并不完全符合1∶1的分离比例,CMS-P向可育方向偏移的程度更大。花粉可染率在不同测验系、不同胞质、不同环境间都表现出较大差异,胞质与核微效基因间的互作可能是影响育性稳定性的主要因素。 相似文献
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玉米茎秆耐穿刺强度的倒伏遗传研究 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
以沈单16和郑单958玉米单交种构成的六世代群体为材料,利用自行设计的玉米茎秆穿刺仪,对玉米地上第三茎节中部椭圆形短轴垂直于茎秆进行穿刺,测定玉米茎秆穿刺阻力。通过P1、P2、F1、F2、BC1和BC2 6个世代联合分析法,以玉米茎秆穿刺阻力为性状,研究控制玉米茎秆倒伏性的基因遗传分离规律。结果表明,该性状在两个单交种的F2分离世代群体均呈双峰分布,BC1和BC2群体分离世代呈多峰分布,说明玉米茎秆耐穿刺性遗传为多基因数量性状控制,且符合一对加-显主基因＋加-显-上位性多基因遗传模型(即D模型);主基因遗传力为34.5%~45.7%,多基因遗传力41.6%~56.3%,两者在控制玉米茎秆耐穿刺遗传特性上都具有重要作用。这一研究结果为玉米抗倒伏性状的有效选择提供方法和理论依据。 相似文献
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玉米果穗结实习性遗传特点及其SSR标记分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明玉米果穗结实习性的遗传特点,选用有限结实特点的lx01-3和无限结实特点的wx04-1玉米自交系进行杂交。在30 000株 hm-2的种植密度下,分析了两亲本自交系及其F1、F2、BC1和BC2植株的果穗结实特性。结果表明,F1代植株的果穗均为无限结实类型,无限结实类型为显性;无限结实与有限结实类型的分离比例,在F2群体中符合15∶1,在BC1群体中符合3∶1,表明玉米果穗的结实习性可能是由2对存在重叠作用的基因决定的。利用F2分离群体分组法进行SSR标记分析发现,引物bnlg1601和umc1663扩增的特异产物带与控制结实习性的基因存在密切的连锁关系,进而将控制玉米果穗结实习性的2个基因初步定位于玉米的第３和第8染色体。 相似文献
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Reproductive fertility traits were studied in the reciprocal hybrids of the eggplant(Solanum melongena L.) and S. aethiopicum L. Gilo Group, and in synthetic amphidiploids to discover whether fertility in these reciprocal hybrids was restored by chromosome
doubling. Isozyme and RAPD analyses confirmed hybridity of the hybrids and amphidiploids. Analyses of chloroplast and mitochondrial
DNAs confirmed that the cytoplasm of each of the hybrids and amphidiploids was from the maternal parent. Pollen sterility
of S. melongena × S. aethiopicum Gilo Group [F1 (Mel × Aet)] was restored by chromosome doubling, while the reciprocal hybrid S. aethiopicum Gilo Group ×S. melongena [F1 (Aet × Mel)]and its amphidiploid did not produce any pollen grains; their microspores degenerated without being released
from tetrads. Hence the cytoplasm of S. aethiopicum Gilo Group seems to beresponsible for their pollen-non-formation type sterility of the hybrid. Both the F1 hybrids did not set any fruits by either selfing or backcrossing, while their amphidiploids set fruits after pollinating
with pollen from the amphidiploid of F1 (Mel × Aet). Seeds obtained from both the amphidiploids germinated normally. Chromosome doubling has been effective in restoring
fertility of the hybrids.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献