共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2015,(9)
<正>1我国养殖业转型升级的必要性畜牧养殖产业是我国农业的支柱产业。总产值大,就业人口数量大,产业带动作用大,发展潜力大。我国畜牧养殖业总产值为2.8万亿元,占当年全国农业总产值的31.9%,生猪全产业链就业人数7200万人。我国是世界畜、禽第一生产大国和消费大国:养猪占世界总量的50%,养禽占世界总量的1/3,肉类总产量占世界的30%。养 相似文献
2.
<正>1禽病防控的现状及出路1.1现状1.1.1改革开放后养禽业高速发展※我国是禽蛋、禽肉的生产大国——2008年鸡存栏43.6亿只,占世界总量的26%,禽蛋产量2867万吨,占世界总量的44.59%,位居第一,鸡肉产量1015万吨,位居第二。※水禽养殖近年来发展加快——2007年世界粮农组织统计:世界水禽存栏10.5亿只,我国7.3亿只,占 相似文献
3.
《饲料与畜牧》2015,(6)
<正>中国工程院陈焕春院士《关于当前我国养殖业转型升级的思考与建议》畜牧养殖产业是我国农业的支柱产业。其总产值大,就业人口数量多,产业带动作用强,发展潜力大。我国畜牧养殖业总产值为2.8万亿元,占当年全国农业总产值的31.9%,生猪全产业链就业人数达7,200万。作为世界畜、禽第一生产大国和消费大国,我国的养猪量占世界总量的50%,养禽量占世界总量的1/3,肉类总产量占世界总量的30%。我国饲料年产量约3.1亿t,占粮食总消费的53%。因此,养殖安全关系国家粮食安全,公共卫生与食品安全问题更是我国面临的最突出问题之一。畜禽养殖业是肉、蛋、奶供应的源头,养殖安全则是从源 相似文献
4.
我国是蛋禽、禽肉的生产大国,特别是我国蛋鸡的发展速度成直线上升趋势,鸡蛋总量已经连续25年位居世界第一.进入21世纪以来,中国蛋鸡业依然稳步发展,鸡蛋总量逐年增长,但随着养禽业的发展,多种禽病的综合防控实力还落后于发达国家,多种疾病还严重危害着养禽业,充分认识当前禽病流行状况,对综合防控禽病流行有重大意义. 相似文献
5.
6.
1概述规模化养殖场(养猪、牛、羊、禽)的粪尿污染,是一个非常严重的问题。2006年以来,畜牧业产值已稳定在农林牧渔业生产总值的30%以上。2010年我国猪的饲养存栏量为4.6亿头,牛1.1亿头,家禽53.5亿只。2010年,我国11个优势养殖省(区)的生猪、禽蛋、牛奶量已分别占全国总量的92%、68%和88%,规模化养殖的猪占65%、禽占79%、奶牛占46%。规模化养殖场(区)的污染物,其化学需氧量和氨、氮排放量分别占全国总污染物化学需氧量和氨、氮排放总量的46%和 相似文献
7.
该文阐述了我国特禽业十多年所取得成就及存在的问题 ;该行业稳定、持续发展须建立特禽研究中心 ,加强对该行业的管理 ,积极引导消费 ,扩大需求 ,培养买方市场 ,发展外向型特禽生产 ;对21世纪特禽业的发展做出了预测。 相似文献
8.
阐述了我国特禽业10多年所取得的成就及存在的问题.使行业稳定、持续发展的必要条件是建立特禽研究中心;加强对行业的管理,积极引导消费,扩大需求,培养买方市场,发展外向型特禽生产;是21世纪特禽业的任务'. 相似文献
9.
我国规模化养禽是从80年代开始起步,到目前为止已成为世界养禽第一大生产国和消费国。尽管在集约化饲养过程中,新产品、新技术及新的防控措施有效地控制和消灭了部分禽病的发生,但与世界第一养禽大国不符的是我国禽肉和禽蛋的出口量还不到生产总量的1%,而美国、巴西、台湾等出口量已达20%～30%,即便是泰国,在2003年发生高致病性禽流感期间,其禽肉出口量还占总生产量的35%。分析其原因,重大疫病依然是困扰我国养禽业生产、出口的关键问题。目前,危害我国养禽 相似文献
10.
养鸡业是我国的传统产业，在农业和农村经济中占有重要的地位，我国目前已成为世界上养鸡生产和消费大国，鸡存栏总量具世界前列，养鸡业正在向规模化、集约化、机械化方向发展。然而由于现在禽病流行原因复杂且并发病较多，使禽病的诊断、治疗和控制难度加大，给养鸡业造成了很大的经济损失。2005年6月，夏邑县某养鸡场鸡群发病，不能确诊是禽副伤寒、禽霍乱还是禽大肠杆菌病，造成了一定的经济损失，下面就从这三种禽病的病原体、临床症状、病理变化，实验室诊断及控制方法方面加以论述。 相似文献
11.
12.
The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data. 相似文献
13.
Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed. 相似文献
14.
Yong Wu Na-Jiao Zhao Yan Cao Zhuo Sun Qin Wang Zhao-Ying Liu Zhi-Liang Sun 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(2):208-214
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance. 相似文献
15.
Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
C. R. KILROY W. F. HALL D. P. BANE R. F. BEVILL G. D. KORITZ 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1990,13(1):49-58
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97). 相似文献
16.
2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
b. bengtsson s-o. jacobsson j. luthman & a. franklin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1997,20(4):258-261
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug. 相似文献
20.
Campos SG Cavaglieri LR Fernández Juri MG Dalcero AM Krüger C Keller LA Magnoli CE Rosa CA 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):377-383
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food. 相似文献