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1.
间伐对人工林生长及木材质量具有重要影响。在浙江开化开展了间伐强度(强度、中度和对照)和间伐方式(间伐1次,间伐2次)对杉木人工林生长及出材量等的影响研究,第1试验区大径材培育林分在第7年和第14年进行了2次间伐,第2试验区中径材培育林分仅在第12年时进行1次间伐。结果表明:22年生大径材培育林分和19年生中径材培育林分不同间伐处理之间树高、总断面积的差异均不显著。间伐显著增加了林木胸径的生长,大径材培育林分强度和中度间伐处理的平均胸径分别比对照增加13.78%和9.69%,中径材培育林分强度和中度间伐处理的平均胸径分别比对照增加12.28%和7.02%。间伐显著促进了林木单株材积的增加,2组试验林分活立木材积随着间伐强度的增加而降低,第1试验区22年生林分不同间伐强度之间活立木材积的差异不显著(P0.05),第2试验区强度间伐活立木材积显著低于对照(P0.05),中度间伐林分活立木材积与对照和强度间伐之间的差异不显著(P0.05)。2组试验林分总蓄积和出材量也随着间伐强度的增加而降低,二者在3种间伐处理之间均没有显著差异(P0.05)。间伐强度不能有效增加林分活立木材积和林分出材量,间伐次数对林分出材量及出材规格有重要影响。试验区杉木大径材培育以2次间伐,总间伐强度50%左右较为适宜,而中径材培育则以1次中度间伐(约25%)为宜。 相似文献
2.
间伐对人工林生长及木材质量具有重要影响。在浙江开化开展了间伐强度（强度、中度和对照）和间伐方式（间伐1次,间伐2次）对杉木人工林生长及出材量等的影响研究,第1试验区大径材培育林分在第7年和第14年进行了2次间伐,第2试验区中径材培育林分仅在第12年时进行1次间伐。结果表明：22年生大径材培育林分和19年生中径材培育林分不同间伐处理之间树高、总断面积的差异均不显著。间伐显著增加了林木胸径的生长,大径材培育林分强度和中度间伐处理的平均胸径分别比对照增加13.78%和9.69%,中径材培育林分强度和中度间伐处理的平均胸径分别比对照增加12.28%和7.02%。间伐显著促进了林木单株材积的增加,2组试验林分活立木材积随着间伐强度的增加而降低,第1试验区22年生林分不同间伐强度之间活立木材积的差异不显著（P>0.05）,第2试验区强度间伐活立木材积显著低于对照（P<0.05）,中度间伐林分活立木材积与对照和强度间伐之间的差异不显著（P>0.05）。2组试验林分总蓄积和出材量也随着间伐强度的增加而降低,二者在3种间伐处理之间均没有显著差异（P>0.05）。间伐强度不能有效增加林分活立木材积和林分出材量,间伐次数对林分出材量及出材规格有重要影响。试验区杉木大径材培育以2次间伐,总间伐强度50%左右较为适宜,而中径材培育则以1次中度间伐（约25%）为宜。 相似文献
3.
间伐对杉木木荷混交林生长影响探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对1990年营造2005年间伐的杉木木荷混交林进行调查,结果表明:间伐能促进混交林分中杉木树高、胸径、单株材积的生长,分别比未间伐林分提高7.7%、8.2%、23.6%,影响达显著水平;木荷胸径和单株材积分别比未间伐林分提高13.1%和35.8%,影响也达显著水平,但对木荷树高的生长影响不显著;间伐对混交林中杉木与木荷单位面积蓄积量及林分总蓄积量影响不显著,说明通过间伐不能显著提高林地最终生产力,但能提高材种规格。 相似文献
4.
不同密度管理措施对杉木林分的生长、生态效应的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过定位观测，对不同密度杉木林的树高、胸径与材积生长规律、林分结构、林木分化和材质的差异；并对不同方式间伐后林分的生长变化，以及不同间伐强度对林地土壤肥力、林下植被种类和数量的影响及其经济效果进行了研究。结果表明：林分密度和间伐强度对杉木树高生长无显著影响，而胸径和单株材积则随着林木株数的增加而减小；林下植被种类、数量和土壤肥力均随着间伐强度的加大而有所增加；中度间伐强度的生长、生态和经济等综合效果最佳。 相似文献
5.
秃杉抚育间伐初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对安溪县福前农场造林密度为2 505株.hm-2的9年生秃杉林分设置极强度间伐(60%)、强度间伐(40%)、弱度间伐(20%)及不间伐(对照)4个处理,间伐3 a后,调查林分胸径、树高、单株材积、蓄积量等指标,研究不同间伐强度对其生长量的影响。结果表明:不同间伐强度对林分胸径生长、单株材积、蓄积量的影响都达到显著水平,而对树高生长有一定影响,但差异不显著。综合分析表明,对9年生的秃杉林分,选择强度间伐(间伐总株数的40%)进行抚育间伐较为合适。 相似文献
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不同抚育间伐强度对辽东落叶松林生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
《林业资源管理》2016,(1)
通过对不同强度抚育间伐落叶松人工林进行研究,结果表明:间伐8年后,各间伐强度均能够促进落叶松胸径的增长,并且随着间伐强度的增加,胸径生长量的增长效果就愈加明显;对落叶松林分树高的生长会产生一定的影响,但这种影响在各间伐强度与对照间均不存在显著性差异,影响不大。各间伐强度能提高林分单株材积生长率,并且林分单株材积生长量随着间伐强度的增加呈递增趋势。由于间伐减少了林地内落叶松的数量,初期各处理区落叶松单位面积的蓄积量要明显低于对照。到间伐处理后的8年,极强间伐区落叶松单位面积的蓄积量295.3m~3/hm~2已超过了对照区的260.57m~3/hm~2,而其它处理区单位面积的蓄积量依旧低于对照区。 相似文献
10.
[目的]针对混交林木荷大径材培育技术薄弱、林地产值低等问题,开展间伐试验,分析间伐强度对林分生长和结构的影响,筛选出适合木荷-萌芽杉木混交林的间伐强度,为木荷大径材培育提供理论指导。[方法]以16年生木荷-萌芽杉木混交林为研究对象,按株数比例进行弱度间伐(15%)、中度Ⅰ间伐(30%)、中度Ⅱ间伐(35%)和强度间伐(60%)及对照(未间伐)5种强度抚育间伐,比较不同强度间伐木荷和杉木胸径、树高、蓄积量和直径结构特征,探讨其对林分生长和结构的影响。[结果](1)间伐6 a后,不同间伐处理均促进木荷和杉木的平均胸径和单株材积增长。中度Ⅱ间伐处理木荷的平均胸径和单株材积增长最快,两者分别比对照高28.5%和78.2%,其增长量分别较对照高243.9%和326.7%,杉木除强度间伐胸径生长量略高于木荷外,各强度间伐的胸径和单株材积均小于木荷对应指标值。(2)由于间伐减少了树木株数,林分蓄积量和杉木蓄积量有所降低,但木荷蓄积量明显增加。中度Ⅱ间伐、中度Ⅰ间伐和弱度间伐时木荷蓄积量分别为对照的132.3%、112.5%和139.8%。(3)随着间伐强度的增加,木荷与杉木的径阶分布峰值所在的径阶依次向高径阶方向进级,中度Ⅱ间伐木荷直径分布左偏、尖峭,中大径阶木荷株数多且分布集中,能有效实现大径级材种的培育目标。[结论]对密度较高的中龄木荷-萌芽杉木混交林适宜采用强度间伐措施,即间伐强度35%左右,林木密度1 780株·hm~(-2)(木荷杉木株数比约为1:2),在保持林分蓄积量不减小的情况下,促进木荷胸径、单株材积快速增长,以实现木荷大径材培育目标。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献