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1.
A technique was developed for subtotal prostatectomy in dogs with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. In six normal dogs, full-thickness necrosis of the prostate occurred if the central-lateral region within 5 mm of the urethra was photoablated at 60 watts for 1 second. Moderate to superficial necrosis occurred when the prostate within 5 mm of the urethra was photoablated at 35 watts for 2 seconds or 60 watts for 0.5 second. At necropsy, leakage of the urethra occurred in two dogs at sites treated at 60 watts for 1 second. In a clinical study, complications associated with subtotal prostatectomy with the Nd:YAG laser (n = 6) were compared with complications associated with prostatic drainage (n = 6) in dogs with prostatic disease. Intraoperative death (2/6 dogs) and nocturnal incontinence (4/4 surviving dogs) occurred with subtotal prostatectomy. Uncontrolled prostatic infection (2/6 dogs) occurred with prostatic drainage and resulted in the death of one dog on day 11. Four of five dogs surviving prostatic drainage developed recurrent urinary tract infection.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVES: Palliative surgery for advanced-stage prostatic cancers was tested with regard to survival rate and complications in a prospective randomised clinical study of dogs. Currently, therapeutic approaches have a grave long-term prognosis in clinically significant prostatic cancer. METHODS: Of 167 dogs with prostatic disorders, 24 were diagnosed with prostatic cancer. Eleven dogs underwent subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy, while in 10 dogs total prostatectomy was performed. The remaining three dogs were euthanased at their owner's request. Dogs treated by subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy and those treated by total prostatectomy were followed until their death. RESULTS: It was found that dogs treated by subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy survived 5.63 times longer (mean [sd] 112.0 [63.03] days) than those treated by total prostatectomy (19.9 [10.67] days) (P<0.01). Moreover, a significant decrease in postoperative complications after subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy was recorded, especially with regard to urinary incontinence. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: It was concluded that, in the authors' facility, treatment of prostatic cancer by subtotal intracapsular prostatectomy was superior to that by total prostatectomy, with respect to both postoperative survival and serious complications.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To report a technique for partial prostatectomy by laser dissection and to evaluate outcome and complications in dogs with prostate carcinoma (PCA). STUDY DESIGN: Experimental and clinical case series. ANIMALS: Four normal dogs and 8 dogs with PCA. METHODS: Subcapsular partial prostatectomy, sparing the urethra and the dorsal aspect of the prostatic capsule, using Nd:YAG laser dissection to remove the prostatic parenchyma and control hemorrhage was performed in 4 normal dogs and subsequently in 8 dogs with histologically confirmed PCA. Additional treatment of PCA dogs included local application of interleukin-2 and systemic administration of meloxicam. Prostate size, complications, and survival time were recorded. Laser-associated thermal damage to surrounding tissue was evaluated by histology. RESULTS: In normal dogs, no damage to the dorsal prostatic capsule or urethra was detected. In PCA dogs, median survival was 103 days (range, 5-239 days). Three dogs died from complications within 16 days, whereas 5 (median survival, 183 days; range, 91-239 days) had improvement or resolution of clinical signs. Urinary incontinence did not occur. CONCLUSION: Laser assisted subcapsular partial prostatectomy can be performed in dogs with PCA without development of postoperative incontinence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subcapsular partial prostatectomy is a potential palliative treatment for PCA in dogs and may lead to the resolution of clinical signs for several months.  相似文献   

4.
Introduction:  Complete prostatectomy with healing and normal urinary function is reported for some prostatic diseases. However incontinence rates of up to 100% for neoplasia‐affected dogs have dampened surgeons' enthusiasm for performing prostatectomies. Hypothesizing that incontinence following prostatectomy for prostatic cancer is related to extensive dissection associated with advanced invasion, it is proposed that there exists a subset of dogs with prostatic cancer that require minimal dissection and have the potential for quality survival for pet and owner.
Materials and Methods:  Dogs that received prostatectomy for neoplasia were qualitatively reviewed for commonalities associated with an outcome viewed as successful by owner and veterinarian.
Results:  Early diagnosis (prostatomegaly‐castrated population, high index of suspicion, ultrasound guided cytology) with referral center staging (ultrasound, contrast CT) enabled selection of appropriate surgery (urinary drainage, stent, prostatic enucleation, extrapelvic urethral anastomosis, cystoprostatourethrectomy with ureterocolonic anastomosis) for several dogs.
Conclusions:  A massive demographic shift toward castrated dogs and widespread availability of abdominal u/s can distinguish dogs that may benefit from advanced staging technology and treatment for locally confined prostatic neoplasia.
Application:  Step one is local control. Though based on a dribble of cases, it is clear that some dogs with prostatic cancer can be cured and live high quality lives. We wanted to leak these results so that oncologists will encourage early aggressive investigation and referral for prostatomegaly in castrated dogs.  相似文献   

5.
Urinary Incontinence after Prostatectomy in Dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Eleven dogs with prostatic disease were treated by total prostatectomy. Urinary incontinence persisted in three of nine dogs, two of which were also incontinent before surgery. The incidence of postoperative incontinence may be reduced by undermining the prostatic capsule to preserve as much prostatic urethra as possible. The risk of postoperative incontinence appeared greater if there was prostatic neoplasia or preoperative urinary incontinence.  相似文献   

6.
Forty-five positive contrast retrograde urethrograms in which contrast medium reflux into the prostate was identified were evaluated to determine whether a correlation existed between the time and pattern of reflux and the nature of the prostatic disease. Prostatic diseases identified included prostatitis (25 dogs), prostatic tumor (13 dogs), and prostatic hyperplasia (1 dog). Six dogs with contrast medium reflux had no evidence of prostatic disease. No correlation was found between presence of prostatic reflux and specific prostatic diseases; however, prostatic tumor or infection was observed more frequently than hyperplasia, metaplasia, or cyst in the dogs with contrast medium reflux. A linear pattern and irregular, indistinct margination of the contrast medium reflux were associated with prostatitis; however, these patterns were also observed in dogs without prostatic disease  相似文献   

7.
Thirteen dogs with prostatic abscesses and cysts were treated using percutaneous ultrasound-guided drainage. Eight dogs were diagnosed with prostatic abscesses and five with cysts on the basis of cytopathological examination and bacterial culture of the prostatic fluid. Antibiotic therapy, based on culture and sensitivity results, was administered for a minimum of 4 weeks. Intact dogs were castrated after initial drainage. Repeat ultrasonography of the prostate was performed every 1 to 6 weeks, and any residual cavitary lesions were drained and fluid analysis repeated. The median number of drainage procedures required to completely resolve the lesions was two (range, one to four). No complications were observed after drainage, and clinical signs resolved in all dogs. None of the dogs developed clinical signs of recurrent abscesses or cysts in the follow-up period (median, 36 months; range, 10 to 50 months). Ultrasound-guided, percutaneous drainage of prostatic abscesses and cysts appears to be a useful alternative to surgical treatment in select dogs.  相似文献   

8.
Reconstruction of the proximal urethra using a distally based tube flap mobilized from the ventral bladder wall was performed on 12 clinically normal dogs after total prostatectomy and resection of 2 cm of membranous urethra. One dog was euthanized at 6 hours and one at 36 hours after surgery because of surgical complications. Five dogs were euthanized at 10 days, two dogs at 6 weeks and three dogs at 12 weeks. Advancement of the tube flap allowed for tension-free anastomosis to the membranous urethra. Vascular integrity was maintained in all flaps. Intermittent to continuous postoperative urinary incontinence occurred in 7 of 10 dogs. The incontinence was transient in all 6 and 12 week dogs except one in which a persistent stress incontinence developed. Mild to severe dysuria was noted in 8 of 10 dogs, but was also transient in all of the 6 and 12 week dogs, with the exception of one dog. Postoperative urethral closure pressure profilometry revealed decreased tone in the membranous urethra in all 6 and 12 week dogs. It was concluded that proximal urethral reconstruction, using a ventral bladder tube flap, is a viable technique that may permit functional urodynamic recovery in dogs with significant proximal urethral loss.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the 5alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride on prostatic diameter and volume, semen quality, and serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone concentrations in dogs with spontaneous benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). DESIGN: Double-blind placebo-controlled trial. ANIMALS: 9 dogs with BPH. PROCEDURE: Five dogs were treated with finasteride for 16 weeks (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg [0.05 to 0.23 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 24 h); the other 4 received a placebo. Prostatic diameter, measured radiographically, prostatic volume, measured ultrasonographically, semen quality, and serum DHT and testosterone concentrations were evaluated before and during treatment. After receiving the placebo for 16 weeks, the 4 control dogs were treated with finasteride for 16 weeks, and evaluations were repeated. RESULTS: Finasteride significantly decreased prostatic diameter (mean percentage decrease, 20%), prostatic volume (mean percentage decrease, 43%), and serum DHT concentration (mean percentage decrease, 58%). Finasteride decreased semen volume but did not adversely effect semen quality or serum testosterone concentration. No adverse effects were reported by owners of dogs in the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that finasteride can be used to reduce prostatic size in dogs with BPH without adversely affecting semen quality or serum testosterone concentration.  相似文献   

10.
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11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of finasteride on programmed cell death (apoptosis) of prostatic cells during prostatic involution in dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). ANIMALS: 9 dogs with BPH. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Treatment dogs (n = 5) were administered finasteride (0.1 to 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 16 weeks, whereas the 4 control dogs were administered an inert compound. Prostatic cells from the prostatic fluid portion of the ejaculate of treatment and control dogs were obtained before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 16 weeks after initiation of treatment. Cells were concentrated by use of centrifugation. Prostatic cells were examined for indications of apoptosis by use of a terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuracil triphosphate nick-end labeling technique. After receiving the inert compound for 16 weeks, the 4 control dogs were administered finasteride for 16 weeks, and evaluations were repeated. RESULTS: Percentage of apoptotic prostatic cells in ejaculated prostatic fluid of treatment dogs increased significantly (from 9% before treatment to 33, 31, 26, and 27% after 1, 2, 3, and 8 weeks of treatment, respectively). There was no significant change in percentage of apoptotic prostatic cells in the ejaculated prostatic fluid of control dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Finasteride-induced prostatic involution appears to be via apoptosis in dogs with BPH. Finasteride treatment of dogs with BPH causes prostatic involution by apoptosis rather than necrosis.  相似文献   

12.
Ten dogs with carcinoma of the prostate gland were treated with intraoperative orthovoltage radiotherapy (radiation therapy to surgically exposed tumors). Seven dogs had tumor growth confined to the prostate gland and urethra, and 3 dogs had carcinoma of the prostate gland and regional lymph node involvement. Total radiation doses delivered to the prostate gland of 9 dogs and the affected regional lymph nodes of 3 dogs, using orthovoltage x-rays, ranged from 20 to 30 Gy. Carcinoma of the prostate gland of one dog was intraoperatively irradiated to 15 Gy and was then given a boost of 40 Gy, using cobalt-60 teletherapy. Survival time ranged from 41 to 750 days after intraoperative radiotherapy. Median and mean survival times for all dogs were 114 and 196 days, respectively. The median survival time for 7 dogs with localized prostatic carcinoma was 180 days, which was longer, but not significantly longer (P = 0.09), than the median survival time of 80 days in 3 dogs having prostatic carcinoma and metastatic disease. Intraoperative radiotherapy was tolerated well and caused complete response in 5 dogs. However, surgical complications in 2 dogs, which had subtotal lymphadenectomy or prostatic biopsy performed concurrently at the time of irradiation, resulted ultimately in their deaths. The 2 other dogs with metastatic disease and 1 dog without metastatic disease also had poor response to treatment. Our results indicated that intraoperative radiotherapy is an effective treatment for localized prostatic carcinoma in the dog.  相似文献   

13.
In an attempt to reduce postoperative incontinence associated with excisional prostatectomy and the recurrence of prostatic disease after less radical surgeries, a new technique for subtotal prostatectomy was developed using an ultrasonic surgical aspirator. During laparotomy, a longitudinal incision was made in the ventral surface of each lobe of the prostate gland. Biopsies for histology and culture were taken. Through the ventral incisions, the ultrasonic surgical aspirator  相似文献   

14.
The signalment, clinical signs, and histologic tumor pattern were compared retrospectively in 12 dogs having primary prostatic adenocarcinoma with (5 cases) and without metastasis (7 cases) to bone. Weight loss and lumbar pain were observed more frequently in dogs having prostatic adenocarcinoma with metastasis to bone. A distinctive histologic pattern was not associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma that had metastasized to bone. The alveolar papillary pattern was the predominant histologic type observed in both groups. Metastasis to extrapelvic bony sites included the scapulas, ribs, and digits. The results of this study indicate that skeletal metastasis was not uncommon in dogs having prostatic adenocarcinoma.  相似文献   

15.
Historical and physical signs associated with prostatic disease diagnosed in dogs over a 5.5-year period were defined. One hundred seventy-seven male dogs were determined to have prostatic abnormality. Of the 177 dogs, 87 were determined to have specific prostatic disease. The most common prostatic disease identified in this study was bacterial prostatitis, followed by prostatic cyst, prostatic adenocarcinoma, and benign hyperplasia. The most common prostatic disease identified in neutered dogs was prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mean age at onset of prostatic disease was 8.9 years; statistically significant difference was not observed between age at onset of the various types of prostatic disease identified. Doberman Pinscher was the most common breed with prostate disease. Twenty-nine percent of dogs with a specifically identifiable prostatic disease had signs of systemic illness, 41% had signs of lower urinary tract disease, 28% had signs of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities, and 13% had signs of locomotor difficulty.  相似文献   

16.
This was a retrospective case study of eight dogs diagnosed with prostatic or testicular B. dermatitidis infection. Signalment, clinical presentation, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options were evaluated. Review of medical records of dogs diagnosed with blastomycosis at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1992 to 2005 yielded four dogs with prostatic blastomycosis (PB) and four dogs with testicular blastomycosis (TB). Three of the four dogs with PB and all four dogs with TB had evidence of urogenital disease. Three dogs with PB had an elevated body temperature and all had systemic disease. All dogs with TB had a normal body temperature, and three had systemic disease and one had clinical signs limited to testicular disease. Cytology or histopathology was used to diagnose PB or TB. Treatment included itraconazole or fluconazole with or without nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PB and TB are infrequently recognized and may be under diagnosed due to failure to specifically evaluate these tissues. PB or TB should be considered in the evaluation and staging of male dogs with blastomycosis. Male dogs with urogenital signs should be evaluated via prostatic or testicular cytology or histopathology since proper identification and management of PB or TB may improve overall treatment success.  相似文献   

17.
Ejaculate, urine, urethral swab specimens, and ultrasonography-guided small-needle prostatic cyst aspiration and/or tissue core biopsy specimens were collected for bacteriologic culture from 25 dogs in which prostatic disease was suspected on the basis of history, clinical signs of disease, or results of physical examination. The prostate gland in each dog was examined ultrasonographically, and the tissue core biopsy specimens were examined histologically and bacteriologically. Two methods were used to assess bacterial prostatitis. In 5 dogs (20%), bacteriologic culture results of paired urethral swab and ejaculate specimens differed from culture results of specimens obtained by needle aspiration of prostatic cyst fluid or tissue core biopsy. The prostate gland in 17 dogs had 1 or more cystic, fluid-filled structures (0.5 to 4.0 cm in diameter). Ultrasonographic appearance of the prostate gland did not have obvious correlation with culture results from dogs of the study. Histologic results of prostatic tissue core biopsy specimens correlated well with culture results.  相似文献   

18.
An Escherichia coli bacterial prostatitis was experimentally induced in dogs to determine the effect of castration on chronic bacterial prostatitis. Two weeks after instillation of bacteria directly into the prostate gland, 17 of 22 adult mixed-breed male dogs had positive urine or prostatic fluid cultures or both. Seven of the 17 dogs were randomly chosen to be castrated, and 10 of the 17 served as sham-operated controls. At weekly intervals, urine was obtained from 17 dogs for aerobic microbiologic culturing. At each week, dogs with no bacterial growth in the cultured urine had prostatic fluid collected for aerobic microbiologic culture. Dogs with negative urine, prostatic fluid, and prostatic tissue needle biopsy culture results at week 7 were euthanatized. For remaining dogs, weekly cultures were continued until the dogs were euthanatized at week 12. None of the 7 castrated dogs and 6 of the 10 dogs subject to sham operation had prostatic infection at the time of necropsy. The castrated dogs had a mean infection duration of 4.2 weeks, which was statistically shorter than the 9.5-week mean duration of infection in the sham-operated controls. Cultures of prostatic tissue obtained immediately after euthanasia correlated 100% with urine and prostatic fluid cultures taken before euthanasia. All of the 6 dogs with positive prostatic cultures at termination had moderate to marked lymphoplasmacytic chronic prostatitis. The 11 dogs that were not infected at the end of the study had normal to moderate lymphoplasmacytic chronic prostatitis on histologic examination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
An Escherichia coli bacterial prostatitis was experimentally induced to determine the effect of bacterial infection on prostatic tissue zinc concentrations in castrated and gonadally intact male dogs. Five of the 22 mixed-breed dogs (group 1) had no culture evidence of infection 2 weeks after the instillation of bacteria into the prostate gland. The remaining 17 infected dogs were allotted to 2 groups; 1 group of dogs was subjected to castration (group CA, 7 dogs), and the other group of dogs was subjected to sham operation (group SO, 10 days). The groups were divided into groups of dogs with prostatic infection at necropsy (groups CA-I and SO-I), and those dogs without prostatic infection at necropsy (groups CA-N and SO-N). Urine, prostatic fluid, and prostatic tissue (week 0, 7, +/- 12) specimens were obtained for bacteriologic culturing to determine whether prostatic infection was present. Prostatic tissue was obtained at necropsy (week less than 6, 7, or 12) for analysis of zinc concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The logarithmic mean prostatic tissue zinc concentrations were compared between groups. Group CA had a significantly lower prostatic zinc concentration than all other groups. Zinc concentrations were not statistically different between any of the other groups. Castration did decrease the prostatic tissue concentration of zinc, a known natural antibacterial factor. However, resistance to infection and resolution of infection were not correlated with prostatic tissue zinc concentrations in this experimental model.  相似文献   

20.
The treatment time needed for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation might be decreased substantially by using the split-focus approach, so we made a prototype 4.2-MHz split-focus therapeutic transducer combined with a small 6.5-MHz imaging ultrasonic probe for transrectally treatment of canine prostatic cancer and used it to experimentally evaluate the feasibility of using split-focus transrectal HIFU to ablate canine prostatic tissue without injuring surrounding tissues. The prostates of 5 dogs were transrectally treated with split-focus ablation at a peak intensity in the water of 1.7 kW/cm(2) for 4 s (4 shots) under the guidance of ultrasonic B-mode imaging. After ultrasonic exposure, the prostates became stiff because of thermal effect of HIFU. For the first 3-5 days after treatment, dogs were catheterized daily for urinary management and treated with oral antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infection. The dogs were able to urinate normally by a week after. Within two weeks a large centrally located cystic cavity had formed in the prostate by replacing the necrotic parenchyma around the prostatic urethra. Necropsy three months after treatment found the rectum and prostate capsule to be normal grossly and histologically. The 4 shots of split-focus HIFU destroyed the prostatic parenchyma and created a prostatic cavity 0.34-0.45 cm(3) in volume without injuring surrounding tissues. These results suggest that split-focus HIFU ablation could be used for noninvasive treatment of prostatic cancer in dogs.  相似文献   

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