共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
西瓜根际促生菌筛选及生物育苗基质研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过从西瓜根际分离筛选具根际定殖能力的植物根际促生菌,将其保活添加至普通育苗基质研制生物育苗基质,以确保功能菌株能够在苗期定殖根际,进而在移栽后发挥促生功能。结果表明,分离获得一株同时具有产吲哚乙酸(IAA)和NH_3,且对尖孢镰刀菌和茄科劳尔氏菌均有拮抗作用的植物根际促生菌(PGPR)菌株N23;在三季育苗试验中,与普通基质处理(CK)相比,添加菌株N23的生物育苗基质所育种苗,在多项苗期生长指标上均表现出稳定的促生作用;盆栽试验表明,除叶绿素相对含量测量值(SPAD)外,生物基质所育西瓜种苗的其他检测指标均显著高于对照(普通育苗基质所育种苗,下同);田间试验表明,生物基质所育种苗西瓜、黄瓜、辣椒和番茄种苗移苗后,在苗期植株株高和茎粗均显著优于对照,在产量上均增产10%以上。结合形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定菌株N23为芽孢杆菌属细菌(Bacillus sp.)。综上,利用芽孢杆菌N23研制的生物育苗基质能够有效促进所育不同作物种苗质量,增强移栽后作物的生长和田间产量。因此,本研究能够为根际有益微生物的应用提供新的思路,为生物育苗基质的研制提供理论支撑。 相似文献
2.
为评估移栽定殖根际有益菌(PGPR)番茄苗对果实产量和青枯病防控效果的影响,通过连续3季田间试验,研究了基于生物有机肥的施用,移栽生物育苗基质(在普通育苗基质中添加分离自根际的解淀粉芽孢杆菌)所育种苗(BIONS),相比于移栽普通育苗基质所育种苗(BIO),对设施番茄产量、发病率、收获期植株土体与根际微生物数量和土壤基本理化性质的影响。连续3季田间试验结果表明:相比于BIO处理,BIONS处理第一、二、三季的增产幅度分别达38.86%、47.87%、34.60%,产量差异均达到显著性水平;BIONS处理的发病率每季均极显著低于BIO处理;BIONS处理增加了根际细菌数量,降低了根际真菌数量;土壤基本理化性质方面,BIONS处理的硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量每季均高于BIO处理,且硝态氮含量与产量呈显著正相关,硝态氮含量和铵态氮含量与发病率呈显著负相关。因此,以生物有机肥为底肥,移栽生物育苗基质所育种苗,能够有效防控番茄青枯病的发生,进而提高产量。 相似文献
3.
PGPR复合菌剂对辣椒生长及根际土壤微生物结构的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为研究植物根际促生菌(PGPR)菌剂在田间条件下对辣椒的促生效果及其对根际土壤微生物结构的影响,以前期筛选到的4株PGPR菌株制备的复合菌剂为研究对象、辣椒为试验材料进行田间试验,分别设置了100%化肥组(CK)、100%化肥+PGPR复合菌剂组和80%化肥+PGPR复合菌剂组共3个处理,在幼苗期、始花期和坐果期对辣椒进行灌根,测定了不同处理组辣椒的株高及茎粗、产量和根际微生物的结构变化。结果表明:PGPR复合菌剂能有效促进辣椒植株增高和茎粗增加,单株产量及挂果数较100%化肥组分别增加34.14%、38.62%和47.44%、52.89%,每公顷鲜椒增产约9 000～10 000 kg。微生物菌群的结构变化表现为,PGPR菌剂灌根的处理组中,微生物总量和细菌数量显著性增加、真菌数量减少,放线菌数量则表现为盛果期显著增加;溶磷、解钾及固氮菌等功能菌群的数量总体上升,增幅不一致。表明施用PGPR复合菌剂对辣椒的促生效果显著,且影响了辣椒根际的土壤微生物结构。 相似文献
4.
根际促生菌应用于基质对水稻幼苗生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为了研究根际促生菌对水稻幼苗的促生效果，培育高效优质水稻育苗基质，本研究选用五株根际促生菌（LY5枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis），LY11解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens），X2摩拉维亚假单胞菌(Pseudomonas moraviensis)，X3沙芬西芽孢杆菌（Bacillus safensis），X8绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis)）分别与本实验室已筛选出的最适配比基质进行混合制作高效水稻育苗基质，以不添加促生菌为对照，在盆栽条件下，研究根际促生菌对水稻幼苗生长和代谢的影响。结果表明：1）解淀粉芽孢杆菌（LY11）应用于育苗基质对水稻幼苗的促生效果及代谢活性最好。2）在育苗基质中添加根际促生菌后，地上部生物量和壮苗指数均比对照显著增加，增幅分别在18.0%-31.5%和11.38%-23.28%之间。3）添加根际促生菌的育苗基质能够促进水稻幼苗根系的生长，根体积、总根长等均比对照显著增加，且改善了根系形态结构，显著提高了根系活力。4)根际促生菌处理显著促进了水稻幼苗对氮磷养分的吸收，且氮、钾的转运系数显著提高。5）水稻幼苗体内谷氨酰胺合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性在促生菌处理下均显著提高。因此，根际促生菌应用于水稻育苗基质能够促进秧苗的生长并提高其代谢活性，本研究结果能够为高效优质水稻育苗基质的研发提供理论支撑。 相似文献
5.
研究田间条件下PGPR菌剂灌根对辣椒根际土壤细菌数量及群落结构的影响,为深入探究PGPR菌剂的田间促生机制提供理论依据。以4株PGPR菌株制成PGPR菌剂,对辣椒进行灌根,并采用Illumina-MiSeq平台对辣椒根际土壤细菌V3-V4区进行Paired-end测序,结合细菌及功能菌群数量、辣椒产量指标,比较分析菌剂灌根配施全量化肥(PGPR-CF1)、菌剂灌根配施80%化肥(PGPR-CF2)和全量化肥(CK)处理后对辣椒根际土壤细菌数量及群落结构特征的影响。结果表明:PGPR菌剂灌根后辣椒根际土壤细菌及包含固氮、解磷及解钾等功能菌群的数量显著提高,且物种丰度和多样性均高于对照,细菌优势度则表现为PGPR-CF1和CK组高于PGPR-CF2。所有土样共得到有效序列573 896条,在相似水平为97%下聚类分析得到OTUs数分别为2 153个(CK)、2 337个(PGPR-CF1)、2 358个(PGPR-CF2);各处理辣椒根际土壤中的优势门为酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门和变形菌门,相对丰度总占比分别为83.7%(PGPR-CF1)、79.55%(PGPR-CF2)和79.77%(CK)。PGPR菌剂灌根后增加了伯克霍尔德氏菌目、芽孢杆菌目、鞘脂单胞菌目等的相对丰度,降低了芽单胞菌目、酸杆菌目的相对丰度。Pearson指数表明,辣椒产量和单果重与根际土壤细菌多样性和丰度正相关。研究显示,PGPR菌剂处理,可以提高根际土壤细菌和功能菌群的数量,同时影响了物种多样性和群落结构,并促进了辣椒增产。 相似文献
6.
水稻纹枯病是水稻上常见的土传病害之一,为了研发出可防治水稻纹枯病兼具促生效果的功能型生物水稻育苗基质,本研究选用前期筛选出具有固氮解磷功能的根际促生菌:LY5枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、LY11解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、X2摩拉维亚假单胞菌(Pseudomonas moraviensis)、X3沙芬西芽孢杆菌(Bacillus safensis)、X8绿针假单胞菌(Pseudomonas chlororaphis),首先探索该5株促生菌对水稻纹枯病病原菌的抑菌率,再将其与水稻纹枯病病原菌混合,在实验室已筛选出的最适配比基质基础上,研发功能型生物水稻育苗基质。在盆栽条件下,与市售水稻育苗基质对比,验证功能型生物水稻育苗基质对水稻纹枯病发病率、水稻幼苗生长和体内抗性相关酶类的影响。结果表明:(1)5株根际促生菌对水稻纹枯病病原菌均具有拮抗作用,抑菌率达到35.31%～40.20%。(2)5株拮抗促生菌能够降低水稻纹枯病的发病率,其中添加LY11菌株的处理较对照处理的每盘出苗数显著增加了110.41%,而发病率显著降低了89.32%。(3)在含有水稻纹枯病病原菌的育苗基质中添加拮抗促生菌后,水稻幼苗的茎粗、百株地下部干物质重、百株全株干物质重、根系活力、根总表面积、根平均直径、根总体积、根尖数等方面均有所提高,其中添加LY11菌株的处理比市售水稻育苗基质处理分别显著提高3.13%、4.21%、4.97%、68.02%、26.77%、16.67%、44.44%、7.82%。(4)添加拮抗促生菌显著促进了水稻幼苗对地上和地下部氮磷钾的吸收。(5)水稻幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶的活性以及丙二醛的含量均显著高于市售水稻育苗基质处理,提高幅度为27.08%～122.72%、16.09%～48.15%、53.33%～233.85%、110.24%～511.71%。因此,本研究研发出5种对水稻纹枯病具有较好的拮抗效果,同时可以显著促进水稻幼苗生长的功能型高效生物水稻育苗基质,其中添加了菌株LY11的育苗基质综合效果最优,为功能型高效生物水稻育苗基质的研制与应用奠定了理论与实践基础。 相似文献
7.
植物根际促生菌(Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)具有抵抗植物病害,促进植物生长等作用。以前期在山东省金乡县连作大蒜根际土壤中分离获得的根际细菌为研究对象,筛选获得对大蒜根腐病病原菌H5(Setophoma terrestris)和H9 (Fusarium solani)具有较好拮抗效果的菌株DS7,经16S rRNA基因序列分析初步鉴定,该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。功能特性研究显示:菌株Bacillus sp. DS7对H5抑制率达到51.72%,对H9抑制率达到42.31%;菌株DS7具有产IAA(19.29±0)μg/mL、产铁载体、水解蛋白、溶磷等能力,但不具有产ACC脱氨酶能力。田间接种试验结果显示:与不接菌的对照相比,接种菌株DS7后大蒜产量提高15.42%;土壤的蔗糖酶活性和脲酶活性高于对照土壤,过氧化氢酶活性低于对照土壤。综上,植物根际促生菌Bacillus sp. DS7具有多种功能特性,可以增加田间大蒜产量,改良土壤,是潜在的微生物肥料生产菌种。 相似文献
8.
生物有机肥对陇东烤烟生长的根际营养调控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对陇东旱塬烤烟生产中存在的因长期连作和施肥不合理引起的产量持续下降、品质不高以及病虫害严重等问题,通过在苗床期和大田移栽期采用根际施用生物有机肥,研究了根际营养调控对苗床期烟苗的生长、代谢和对苗床土微生物数量以及对烟叶产量的影响。结果表明:苗床期施用生物有机肥成苗速度快,叶片数提前达到移栽标准,最大叶叶面积和干重分别比对照增加28.9%和68.0%,地上部和根系干重分别比对照增加了191.9%和100.0%;总根长、比根长和根尖数分别比对照增加了161.5%、30.8%和290.2%;根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积以及脱氢酶活性分别比对照增加了69.1%、70.2%和70.0%。苗床土中微生物总数比对照增加了36.7%,并使细菌与真菌的数量比从1.54×104∶1增加至1.84×104∶1。施用生物有机肥处理的产量和产值分别比对照增加了23.2%和46.5%,中上等烟比例增加了16个百分点,纯收入增加了12363元hm-2。 相似文献
9.
为解决农田重金属污染的严重环境问题,提出利用植物根际促生菌（Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR）来缓解农作物受重金属胁迫的科学设想。研究从大宝山污染土壤中筛选出的Pb2＋、Cd2＋、Cu2＋、Zn2＋耐性菌株,经鉴定为芽孢杆菌属（Bacillussp.DBM）,菌株DBM具有产吲哚乙酸（IAA）和ACC脱氨酶能力,但无产铁载体能力。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株DBM在水稻受重金属Zn（600mg.kg-1）胁迫时能有效保护并促进水稻的生长,使其地上部和地下部干重比不加菌处理对照分别提高97.8%和77.2%。另外,菌株DBM可以增加土壤中Zn的有效态含量,但不能增强水稻对土壤Zn的吸收能力。相反,在Zn600处理下,水稻地上部和地下部Zn浓度分别比不加菌处理对照减少15.1%和19.9%。但由于促生效果也极为显著,其地上部和地下部Zn总量仍分别比不加菌处理对照增加74.2%和48.6%。 相似文献
10.
不同植物促生细菌对大蒜生长影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了从云南蔬菜、水稻、魔芋等作物根际土壤中分离到的7株植物促生细菌(S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6和S7)对大蒜的促生作用。试验结果表明,7株菌对大蒜生长和产量的影响均高于对照,以S3菌株为最好,可使大蒜株高、根长、蒜头直径和茎粗分别增加20.93%、38.16%、22.17%、40.48%;蒜头、蒜苗鲜重分别比对照增加56.98%、62.27%,蒜头、蒜苗干重分别比对照增加80.15%,62.07%。其次为菌株S1、S4,大蒜生长和产量指标均显著高于对照。S2、S5、S6、S7对大蒜生长和产量影响也有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
11.
Yi-Yang Yu Shi-Mo Li Jing-Ping Qiu Jian-Gang Li Yu-Ming Luo Jian-Hua Guo 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(4):560-569
Application of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been considered as an environmentally friendly method for crop yield promotion as well as plant disease management. Efforts have been devoted to unraveling mechanisms involved in bacteria–plant and bacteria–pathogen interactions. However, little is known on the effect of the interaction among PGPR, soil, and plant. We compared growth and yield promotion capacity of biofertilizer Ning Shield, a consortium of bacterial preparation used as a biofertilizer (BF), and its mixture with compost of agricultural waste including spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus (SSP)/Volvariella volvacea (SSV), chicken manure (CM), and inorganic fertilizer (IOF) in a pepper field, respectively. The disease control efficacy, pepper fruit preservation time, and nutrients were also determined. Soil nutrient parameters including organic matter and available NPK of treatments were assayed before and after one growth season. All of the mixture of BF+organic compost treatment significantly enhanced the yield and quality of pepper fruit. Moreover, disease control capacity was promoted by the mixture of BF+organic compost, with BF+SSV reaching the highest control efficacy of 81% on 60th day after transplanting, and remaining 76% at the 105th day. The BF+SSV treatment showed soil fertility retention ability with higher soil nutrient contents after one growth season of pepper. This study provides evidence that, when combined with organic fertilizers such as spent mushroom substrate compost, beneficial microbes have the ability to promote plant growth and yield as well as suppress plant disease by sustaining soil fertility through complex bacteria–soil–plant interaction. 相似文献
12.
Lucrecia Brutti Pablo Alvarado Tamara Rojas Anna Martensson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(2):170-176
Chile's seedling production industry has been growing for the last 10 years, and demand has actually reached 1250 million seedlings per year. This system has special relevance due to the high cost of seeds. In addition, there is an increasing demand for substituting synthetic agrochemicals. Therefore, the potential use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in tomato production has been investigated. Before sowing, the micro-organisms provided by Biogram S.A. were inoculated into the substrate diluted in 250 mL/L unchlorinated water. The experiment was laid out in a ‘split-plot’ design with the two plant substrates as main plots and the inoculants as subplots, including six replicates per treatment. Tomato seedlings were grown using two different plant substrates: a mixture of 70% peat and 30% perlite by volume, and a substrate with 20% peat, 20% perlite and 60% compost by volume, both inoculated with Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens or Bioroot®, which is a commercial product containing B. subtilis, P. fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast, algae and Nocardia. For control, uninoculated tomato seedlings were grown on the respective plant substrates. Variance analysis did not identify significant interactions between substrate type (main plots) and inoculation treatment (subplots), P ≤ 0.05. There were significant differences between inoculants (P ≤ 0.05). Means were compared by using the Tukey's multiple range test. Tomato growth in terms of leaf area (cm2/plant) and shoot and root dry weight (g/10 plants) was improved for the seedlings grown on the substrate with 70% peat and 30% perlite, compared to the compost containing an alternative that is valid for both uninoculated perlite peat and all inoculated treatments where perlite peat was outstanding. Inoculation with Bioroot® improved the leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, radical contact area, volume of roots and root forks compared with the control without inoculation, when both plant substrates were analysed together. Thus, inoculation with Bioroot® can be recommended as an alternative to tomato seedling growers' dependence on synthetic agrochemicals. 相似文献
13.
小麦秸秆混配基质对甜椒幼苗生长和光合参数的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将小麦秸秆、草炭和蛭石按不同比例混配成小麦秸秆混配基质,研究其理化性状及其在甜椒育苗中的应用效果.结果表明,随着混配基质中秸秆基质含量的增加,复合基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度均呈上升趋势,而其通气孔隙度却呈下降趋势;添加小麦秸秆基质,提高了混配基质的pH值、电导率、阳离子交换量以及氮、钙、镁元素含量,降低了基质的磷元素含量;当小麦秸秆基质含量为36％时,T3处理(秸秆∶草炭∶蛭石为36∶54∶ 10)中甜椒幼苗的单株干重、壮苗指数、叶绿素总量均高于对照,分别比对照提高10.6％、8.4％、2.1％,其净光合速率则显著高于对照,比对照提高7.8％.因此,小麦秸秆∶草炭∶蛭石=36∶ 54∶10的混配基质适合于甜椒幼苗的生长发育,可作为甜椒育苗基质使用. 相似文献
14.
Rola M. Atiyeh Clive A. Edwards Scott Subler James D. Metzger 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3):215-223
We germinated and grew tomato, pepper, lettuce, and marigold seedlings in a standard commercial soilless plant growth medium (Metro-Mix 360), and in coir/perlite and peat/perlite-based container media substituted with 10% or 20%, by volume, of vermicompost derived from pig manure or food wastes. Half of the treatments were watered with liquid inorganic fertilizer while the other half received only water. Germination rates of tomato, pepper, lettuce, and marigold seeds in the coir/perlite mixture did not differ significantly from that in Metro-Mix 360. However, the germination rate of tomato, pepper and lettuce seedlings was very low in the peat/perlite mixture. Substituting some of the peat/perlite mixtures with equal amounts of vermicomposts, particularly pig manure vermicompost, enhanced germination rates greatly, making it comparable to that in the commercial medium (Metro-Mix 360). Pepper, lettuce, and marigold seedlings grown in Metro-Mix 360, which already contains a starter nutrient fertilizer in its formulation, had greater root and shoot dry weights than those grown in the control media (coir/perlite mix and peat/perlite mix). Substituting coir/perlite and peat/perlite mixtures with 10% or 20% of either vermicompost enhanced the growth of seedlings significantly, resulting in an overall plant growth as good as and sometimes better than that in Metro-Mix 360. When the plants were provided daily with a complete fertilizer solution, marigold seedlings in peat-based substrate with 20% pig waste vermicompost, and lettuce seedlings in both coir and peat-based substrates, mixed with 20% food wastes vermicompost, produced greater shoot dry weights than those grown in the commercial potting medium. The growth enhancements tended to be greater in peat/perlite-based mixes than in coir/perlite-based mixes, more so with the addition of pig manure vermicompost than with food waste vermicompost. Earthworm-processed pig manure and food wastes would be suitable materials for inclusion into the formulation of soilless potting media, since substitution of these media with relatively low concentrations of vermicomposts can promote plant growth. 相似文献
15.
2ZXM-2型全自动蔬菜穴盘苗铺膜移栽机的研制 总被引：14，自引：13，他引：1
针对新疆辣椒、番茄等作物移栽效率低、强度大、移栽质量差及作业工序多等问题,该文研制了一种全自动蔬菜穴盘苗铺膜移栽机,整机主要由自动送苗系统、自动取苗机构与栽植机构、机架、动力传动系统、铺膜铺管装置及镇压覆土装置等组成,可实现一次性完成整形开沟、铺设地膜与滴灌带、自动移栽及覆土镇压等多道作业工序,实现作物膜上覆土移栽的全自动机械化作业过程,并能满足不同作物移栽种植要求。辣椒穴盘苗田间移栽试验结果表明:当机组前进速度为2.8 km/h、理论设计株距为20 cm时,移栽机移栽频率为62株/(min·行),立苗合格率为96.3%,漏栽率为2.8%,伤苗率为1.25%,移栽合格率为93.4%,移栽深度合格率为93.5%,株距合格率为94.7%,株距变异系数为7.9%;滴灌管铺设效果较好,无破损、打折,铺膜及覆土性能优良,地膜采光面展平度为98.2%,采光面宽度合格率为平均为97.8%,平均机械破损程度平均为3.4 mm/m2,膜孔全覆土率为97.8%,移栽机各项性能指标均能够满足辣椒穴盘苗铺膜移栽的农艺要求。该研究可为国内开展全自动旱地移栽机的研发提供参考,对推动新疆机械化育苗移栽技术的发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
利用净化猪场废水漂浮栽培系统收获的3种植物残体作为番茄育苗基质的材料，与河沙以不同的比例混合，进行育苗基质筛选。结果表明以美人蕉(Canna indica)残体配制的基质均抑制番茄的生长，番茄在育苗后期全部死亡，而番茄在风车草(Cyperus alternifolius)和香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)残体配制的基质中均正常生长，其中以风车草残体配制的基质生长较好。香根草的生长相对较差，出现缺氮症状，在使用前应进行适当的堆沤或增加氮肥用量。结果认为风车草和香根草残体作为番茄育苗基质是可行的，而美人蕉残体则有待进一步研究。 相似文献
17.
利用净化猪场废水漂浮栽培系统收获的3种植物残体作为番茄育苗基质的材料,与河沙以不同的比例混合,进行育苗基质筛选。结果表明以美人蕉(C anna ind ica)残体配制的基质均抑制番茄的生长,番茄在育苗后期全部死亡,而番茄在风车草(Cyp erus a ltern if olius)和香根草(V etiver ia z izan ioid es)残体配制的基质中均正常生长,其中以风车草残体配制的基质生长较好。香根草的生长相对较差,出现缺氮症状,在使用前应进行适当的堆沤或增加氮肥用量。结果认为风车草和香根草残体作为番茄育苗基质是可行的,而美人蕉残体则有待进一步研究。 相似文献