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J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):212-220
Summary In the Netherlands the home-bred varieties are developed almost entirely by private establishments. The Government institutes (Institute of Agricultural Plant Breeding and Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding) at Wageningen give advice to the breeders of field crops.The private plant breeders are informed of the results obtained and the working methods. They receive plant material for their breeding programme.The List of Varieties is the reference guide not only for the farmers but also to the plant breeders and the seedsmen. In the case of field crops it forms the basis for the seed inspection. A close connection exists between the breeding, variety-list and seed inspection. 相似文献
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J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1958,7(1):9-20
In the Dutch List of Varieties of 25 years ago many varieties occurred which are no longer grown now. By a change-over from the use of line-selection in local varieties to the application of artificial crossing, much progress was made in self-fertilizing plants (wheat, barley, oats, flax, etc.).Great improvements were also attained in the field of grasses. Many new grass strains from Dutch breeders now figure in the List.By paying more attention to disease resistance a number of resistant varieties have been obtained and important vistas have been opened. Increasingly and on a much larger scale than 25 years ago, use is made of the gene stock of other countries.In sugar beet, polyploid varieties have come to the fore, while everywhere attempts are being made to raise tetraploid fodder beets. In other crops also the prospects of polyploid varieties are encouraging.In the last 25 years many breeding establishments have been modernized. Many have glasshouses and use them to good advantage in their breeding work.The establishment of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding (S.V.P.) rendered it possible to pay more attention to extension while private breeders are provided with good parent plants and selected hybrid populations.The Plant Breeder's Decree became a protection of the breeder's property. As a result the number of breeders increased considerably in the last 25 years, especially those in the field of potato breeding.
Adapted from an article in Dutch, published in the Memorial volume Tussen ras en gewas (Amidst crops and varieties) of the N.A.K. (3). 相似文献
Adapted from an article in Dutch, published in the Memorial volume Tussen ras en gewas (Amidst crops and varieties) of the N.A.K. (3). 相似文献
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Frieda Garretsen 《Euphytica》1962,11(1):11-18
One of the many characters for which new breeding products are tested at the Institute of Horticultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen, is the consumption quality. This can only be properly done if suitable methods and experienced tasters are available.Some known organoleptic methods are described, together with their objectives. As the trials at the above Institute were mainly carried out to analyse the flavour of various selections or varieties of certain crops, the method of the analytical appraisal found the widest application. It is described in this paper.Members of staff were tested for tasting ability and selected with the aid of the four basic tastes (sweet, sour, salt, bitter) and aroma.The method of preparing and serving the samples, as well as some typical experiences gained with a number of crops are briefly summarized. 相似文献
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G. A. Thijn 《Euphytica》1964,13(3):239-244
Although in the period 1938–1948 the number of potato breeders in the Netherlands increased to ±200 there was not a well designed plan, with the exception of the programmes of breeding for wart disease resistance. In most years the second-year seedlings were severely attacked by diseases because the healthy-born first-year crop had been lifted too late.In 1948 the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding at Wageningen was started, leading to the foundation of the Potato Breeding Station Prof. Broekema Hoeve at Marknesse (N.E.Polder). The seedlings were raised in glasshouses and kept free from diseases. The virus-free clones were distributed to the Dutch potato breeders. In 1963 some 88,000 clones and some 600,000 true seeds were distributed.In developing parent material the Potato Breeding Station depends to a large extend on the work of the departments of potato breeding of the Institute and the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding. The parent material is evaluated through population analysis; annually ca 30,000 seedlings raised from clones are assessed.The distribution of starting material by governmental institutes, has furthered potato breeding in the Netherlands. 相似文献
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H. de Haan 《Euphytica》1963,12(2):130-136
Founded in 1912, the Plant Breeding Institute (I.v.P.) has been active in a wide field, particularly since 1923. Many projects have been initiated and developed in this time.Research and instruction in plant breeding have been important items in its working programme. They are supported by a well-organized library.Breeding work and the maintenance of varieties developed by the Institute have been carried out on a modest scale for instructional purposes. Many hybrid populations have been placed at the disposal of Dutch breeders and some important varieties were raised from them.The need of establishing and maintaining international contacts is met by the editing of Euphytica and the co-operation in the European Association for Research on Plant Breeding, Eucarpia.Advice to breeders of agricultural crops, the composition of the List of Varieties of Field Crops, legalisation of varieties and the seed inspection of these varieties were left to the authority of other institutions which were specially founded for those purposes. Close contacts with these organisations were maintained leading to much fruitful co-operation.The successive directors (O. Pitsch, C. Broekema, J. C. Dorst, J. Sneep) have aimed at developing a balanced combination of plant breeding, research on varieties and seed production. 相似文献
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H. De Haan 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):188-194
Summary The varietal assortment of Dutch round blue pea varieties has changed considerably. At the beginning of this century their cultivation was based entirely on the varieties bred by Dr R. J. Mansholt at Westpolder (Gr.). Since 1937 the Unica pea produced by P. J. Hijlkema, Mensingeweer (Gr.), has gained ground. Mansholt's G.E.K. and Unica were dominant for many years, and were also used abroad.A remarkable change in the varietal assortment of the round blue peas occurred since the appearance of varieties less susceptible to the Fusarium solani foot disease. Particularly the Rondo C.B. pea of the Plant Breeding Station C.B. (Dir.: Ir C. Koopman) at Hoofddorp has become widely grown (Fig. 2).In addition, it was this same station that succeeded in breeding a variety entirely resistant to fusarium wilt.It is clear that, in the course of the past few years, new varieties have been bred by the breeders. The new varieties excelled the established ones in one or more respects.Some varieties were widely distributed, others were discarded by the breeders after a couple of years, or (since 1924, the year when the first List of Varieties appeared) written off the List.Widely cultivated varieties had to retire in their turn when better ones came on the market.Even at present time Dutch plant breeders are working hard to improve the yield, quality and reliability of peas. 相似文献
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A. C. Zeven 《Euphytica》1970,19(2):263-275
Summary M. W. Beijerinck's activities during his teachership at the Agricultural School at Wageningen are discussed. He hoped to establish a society for breeding and testing new varieties of field crops and to employ seekers for better plants in a field crop. Some of hisTriticum herbarium material is still preserved at Delft. His main work was to study the origin of wheat by crossing variousTriticum species. He also investigated the relationship of someHordeum species. If he had remained at Wageningen he might indeed have become the only rediscoverer of Mendel's laws. He would certainly have advanced the research on the origin of wheat. 相似文献
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H. Zingstra 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):229-232
Summary The rapid growth of the number of potato breeders in the Netherlands was favourably influenced by a wide spread interest for all problems concerned with potatoes, by financial support and advice.In 1954, the number of potato breeders was 193; 46 of them can be considered professional breeders, while of 20 breeders one or more varieties figure in the Dutch List of Varieties 1954.The creation of the Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding resulted in the enhancement of the level of potato breeding and the increase of the number of potato seedlings raised every year. 相似文献
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J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1960,9(3):265-271
In the course of ages and under widely different conditions nature, through mutation, spontaneous crossing and natural selection, has presented mankind with a great wealth of material.After mentioning the source of resistance for many cases the writer has grouped them into the catagories existing varieties, land races and gene centres.In former years taxonomists searched for new species to collect them for herbariums, nowadays living collections are planted. Plant breeders now are hunting for new valuable genes.
Lecture read at the A-course Resistance in agriculture, 12–14 Jan. 1959, organised by the Royal Society of Agricultural Science and the Netherlands Society of Graduates in Agriculture at Wageningen. 相似文献
Lecture read at the A-course Resistance in agriculture, 12–14 Jan. 1959, organised by the Royal Society of Agricultural Science and the Netherlands Society of Graduates in Agriculture at Wageningen. 相似文献
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M. Nieuwhof 《Euphytica》1958,7(2):170-178
- 1.During the past 7 years research has been carried out on different propagation methods for cauliflower. Propagation from root-shoot cuttings proved to be the most efficient method. It was developed at the Institute of Horticultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen. The results obtained with it are generally satisfactory. 相似文献
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H. De Haan 《Euphytica》1962,11(2):115-125
The author gives a survey of the 71 Netherlands plant breeding establishments mentioned in the List of Varieties of Field Crops while also the research workers engaged in breeding agricultural crops have been included.The Plant Breeder's Decree 1941 stimulated plant breeding in the Netherlands so that the number of plant breeders increased considerably. The work of the existing plant breeding establishments was intensified accordingly.On a map of the Netherlands the location of these breeding establishments has been indicated.The article concludes with reflections on the plant breeding establishments in the Netherlands. 相似文献
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B. P. Loos 《Euphytica》1993,74(1-2):97-107
Summary Twenty-one Dutch Lolium perenne populations, fifteen European populations and six L. perenne cultivars were compared for morphological variation. Dutch populations clearly differed from the European populations and the cultivars. Dutch populations generally had reduced plant length and smaller leaves. For other characters, e.g. date of ear emergence, the Dutch populations showed as much variation as the European populations and cultivars they were compared with in this trial. Correlations between morphology and environmental factors at the site of origin were significant in several cases but were generally weak, and dependent on the set of populations studied. In order to maximize the phenotypic differences between the collected populations, soil type and management type appeared to be the most important factors for the choice of collection sites in the Netherlands. To determine suitable collection sites all over Europe, other factors like precipitation, latitude, altitude and temperature factors were also important. For subsampling of the locations, variation in management type within the location determined whether or not phenotypic different samples could be collected. The extensive use of cultivars in the Netherlands does not seem to have prevented the formation of distinct populations. Therefore in situ conservation of grassland seems a good alternative for genetic conservation of L. perenne in the Netherlands.Also associated with the WAU Department of Plant Taxonomy, P.O. Box 8010, 6700 ED, Wageningen, The Netherlands 相似文献
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J. M. Andeweg 《Euphytica》1956,5(2):185-195
Summary Scab caused by the fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum, may cause serious damage to frame cucumbers. Bulbosan (trichlorotrinitrobenzene) is an effective chemical means of control. Between 1945 and 1954 this German fungicide could not be supplied, and, as a result, the need for resistant varieties became very great.Before 1920 scab-resistance in pickling cucumbers was already known to Dutch growers. Selection started around 1920 on the initiative of W. G. v. d. Kroft and resulted in scab-resistant pickling cucumbers of which Baarlose Nietplekker VI is still widely grown. In 1948 G. W. v. d. Helm (Exp. Garden at Sloten) started breeding a scab-resistant yellow slicing cucumber destined for gardeners in the neigh-bourhood of Amsterdam. The resistant variety Highmoor was used as one parent. In 1954 the yellow variety Vios and the white variety Mabro were introduced. In 1952 G. W. v. d. Helm at the Exp. Garden Sloten, and J. M. Andeweg at the Institute of Horticultural Plant Breeding, Wageningen, simultaneously started breeding green scab-resistant frame cucumbers, using Highmoor as the resistant parent. In 1955 the experimental garden at Sloten introduced the scab-resistant green slicing cucumbers Amato and Proso, while in 1956 the Institute of Horticultural Plant Breeding introduced the scab-resistant green slicing cucumber Esvier. In 1953 seed of 2 first-backcross populations was supplied by the Institute to seed growers. At present intensive breeding for scab-resistance is also being carried out by a number of Dutch seed growers.Scab-resistance depends on one dominant gene; and young plants can readily be tested for resistance. Consequently a backcross scheme can easily be carried out. Rapid breeding is possible because at least 2 cultures can be carried out yearly. If necessary, cuttings of promising plants can be taken. Before and after artificial pollination the flowers can be tied up with raffia. It is simpler, however, to pinch the flowers with a special stainless clip as originally used for grafting cucumbers.The uniform fruit colour of the Dutch green frame slicing cucumbers is a recessive character; the fruit length of the Dutch varieties is dominant. 相似文献
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Summary An extensive collection of wild emmer was screened for yellow rust resistance in a joint project by research institutes in Israel and The Netherlands. In inoculation experiments performed both in seedling stage and at maturity, the wild emmer accessions displayed a diversity of responses to yellow rust infection, ranging from immunity to complete susceptibility.SelectionTriticum dicoccoides var.aaronsohni G-25 was most promising proving highly resistant to all 21 races and field races used. Selection G-7, which was also very resistant in the trials, differed slightly from G-25 in infection types produced on inoculation with one of the isolates; this may be an indication that the genetic factors controlling resistance in these two selections are not identical.It is concluded that the diversified populations of wild emmer indigenous to Israel possess genes which confer high resistance to a very wide spectrum of yellow rust races, including all common races in Western Europe and the Middle East. As resistance factors can be transferred easily fromT. dicoccoides to durum and common wheat, this source may be utilized in producing varieties of cultivated wheat with improved yellow rust resistance.Joint contribution from the Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Bet Dagan, Israel, 1969 Series, No. 1594-E, and the Institute of Phytopathological Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 相似文献
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J. C. s'Jacob 《Euphytica》1952,1(3):219-230
Summary In breeding new varieties it will be necessary in most cases to test the degree of resistance of the material by means of artificial infection. After discussing with plant breeders and phytopathologists the question of the research on disease resistance now being done in the Netherlands the Department of Research on Disease Resistance of the Institute for Phytopathological Research at Wageningen have found that the methods mentioned in addendum I are reliable enough to be used by the breeders themselves, though with the aid of the Department.The methods applied in special institutes because they are too complicated for the breeders, are mentioned in addendum II; they are wart-disease testing in potatoes, virus testing in strawberries and raspberries.Under III are treated the methods that are as yet not sufliciently developed to be applied successfully either by institutes or by breeders, and which are now being investigated in the Netherlands. 相似文献
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J. Waninge 《Euphytica》1965,14(3):249-250
An outline is given of the method of counting chromosomes in root tip cells of wheat as carried out at the Wheat Breeding Department of the Institute of Plant Breeding, Wageningen.Samenvatting Er wordt een beschrijving gegeven van de methode van het tellen van chromosomen in de worteltopjes van tarwe, zoals die wordt toegepast door de Afdeling Tarweveredeling van het Instituut voor Plantenveredeling, Wageningen. 相似文献