共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
【目的】研究点带石斑鱼脑组织和视网膜中的一氧化氮（NO）含量及神经型一氧化氮合成酶（nNOS）分布与活性,为深入揭示NO在点带石斑鱼神经系统中的作用机制打下基础。【方法】采用NADPH-d组织化学染色法、免疫组织化学法、蛋白免疫印迹（Western blotting）及Griess试剂法,对点带石斑鱼脑组织和视网膜中nNOS的分布与活性及NO含量进行分析。【结果】经NADPH-d组织化学染色后,一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）阳性物质呈蓝色。在点带石斑鱼大脑中,NOS阳性物质位于神经元和神经纤维;在小脑中,NOS分布在颗粒层的颗粒细胞、分子层的神经纤维和浦肯野细胞层的浦肯野细胞;在视网膜中,NOS分布于色素上皮层、视锥视杆层、外核层、外网层、内核层、内网层、节细胞层和视神经纤维层。经免疫组织化学染色后,nNOS阳性物质呈深棕色。在大脑中,nNOS存在于神经元和神经纤维;在小脑中,nNOS分布在颗粒层、分子层和浦肯野细胞层;在视网膜中,nNOS分布在色素上皮层、视锥视杆层、外核层、外网层、内核层、内网层、节细胞层和视神经纤维层。Western blotting检测结果显示,点带石斑鱼脑组织和视网膜中的nNOS在显色后的硝酸纤维素膜上均出现3条免疫印迹条带,对应分子量分别为80、120和130kD。NO含量在点带石斑鱼脑组织和视网膜中分别为17.601±1.743和13.624±1.249μmol/L,nNOS活性在脑组织和视网膜中分别为38.070±3.047和23.748±2.860U/mg。【结论】在点带石斑鱼脑组织和视网膜中均存在nNOS,推测nNOS在点带石斑鱼脑神经及视神经系统生理活动中发挥重要作用。脑组织中的NO含量和nNOS活性均显著高于视网膜,是由于脑组织作为重要的中枢神经,对机体生理功能起重要调节作用。 相似文献
2.
鳜仔鱼视网膜及口腔齿的发育对摄食的适应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用石蜡切片及HE染色的方法对鳜受精卵及1～30 d仔鱼的视网膜结构和视觉特性进行研究,结果表明:(1)受精后54 h晶状体形成,视网膜还未分化;80 h视网膜分化为外核层、内核层、内网层和神经节细胞层4层结构;98 h形成色素上皮层、视杆视锥层和神经纤维层;124 h外网层形成,视网膜10层结构发育完全。孵化后4 d开始出现少量颌齿和咽齿;5 d和14 d分别观察到腭齿和犁齿;15d时鳃耙形成但形状较小。口腔齿的数量随着仔鱼个体的生长而增加至近于成体。(2)鳜内核层分化成一层水平细胞、数层双极细胞和无长突细胞,属光感受系统不发达的类型。(3)鳜仔鱼在消化系统尚未发育完全时已经开始形成口腔齿,为提高捕食的成功率提供了基础条件,充分表现了个体发育在进化过程中与生存环境相适应的特点。(4)鳜神经节细胞层细胞随个体的生长发育而减少,孵化后29 d,体长18.36 mm时,只有一层神经节细胞,说明此时的仔鱼已适应黑暗环境生活。鳜视觉结构的变化与其从浮游到底层的生态迁移及捕食方式的变化相适应。研究亮点:从组织学研究角度对鳜仔鱼视网膜发育进行了探讨,详细研究了视网膜各组成结构的发育特征,并结合鳜仔鱼齿的发育特征,分析了其对摄食行为的适应,首次解释了伴随着视网膜发育而形成的由浮游生活到底层生活的适应,研究结果以期为鳜在种苗生产过程中正确选择开口饵料和早期动物性饵料,以降低种苗的死亡率等提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
《河南农业大学学报》2015,(6)
为了解两栖动物中华大蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)视网膜中神经胶质细胞形态结构及分布,利用生物显微技术、投射电镜技术和免疫组化技术显示了中华大蟾蜍视网膜胶质细胞形态结构。观察结果显示,中华大蟾蜍视网膜中仅分布有Müller细胞。光镜下Müller细胞在视网膜中成单层分布,细胞长轴沿着眼球半径成放射状排列,胞体位于内核层,胞体发出至少2个主干突起。电镜下视网膜Müller细胞的胞质及胞核着色较周围细胞深,细胞内有明显的纤维成分,与其他神经成分易于区别。Müller细胞近巩膜侧的主干突起延伸到视杆与视锥细胞的内节与胞核交界处,并彼此相互连接形成外界膜,近玻璃体侧的突起末端形成圆锥形的终足,锥形的底部紧邻玻璃体,且在此处彼此相互连接形成内界膜。 相似文献
4.
[目的]探明神经型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)在大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)脑组织中的分布情况,为揭示大菱鲆脑组织中一氧化氮(N0)的生理功能提供形态学资料.[方法]分别采用NADPH-d组织化学染色法和免疫组织化学法对大菱鲆脑组织中的nNOS进行定位研究.[结果]NADPH-d组织化学染色结果显示,大菱鲆大脑皮质中有蓝色的神经元和神经纤维存在.神经元呈梭形、锥形等形状,神经纤维呈串珠状且无序交织;小脑中NOS阳性神经元在分子层分布稀疏,在颗粒层分布密集,浦肯野细胞胞核淡染.经免疫组织化学法染色后,可观察到大脑皮质中nNOS免疫组化反应阳性物质呈深棕色;小脑皮质的分子层、颗粒层及浦肯野细胞层均有nNOS阳性神经元分布,浦肯野细胞呈免疫组织化学阳性反应.[结论]大菱鲆脑组织中的NOS类型主要限于nNOS,且nNOS在神经活动中发挥重要作用,也进一步证实N0在不同物种中具有一些共同的作用,但不同物种或相同物种不同组织中NO分布及含量存在差异. 相似文献
5.
鳜鱼视网膜发育的组织学研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
对全长５．０～１１５．０ｍｍ不同发育时期鳜鱼视网膜结构及３种视细胞的密度进行了观测。结果表明：刚孵出的鳜苗视网膜感受细胞为高密度的单锥细胞，且不具视网膜运动反应。视杆细胞和双锥细胞出现较晚。随其生长发育，视锥和神经节细胞密度降低，视杆细胞密度增加。外核层细胞核与神经节细胞的比值增大，同时视网膜各层次的发育渐趋完善。全长３０．０～４３，０ｍｍ是视网膜结构及视觉特性发生明显变化的过渡时期。后期网膜上不同区域视锥的类型、形态和数量呈现异质分布，双锥约占视锥数量的９０％。鳜鱼视觉结构的变化与其从浮游到底栖的生态迁移及捕食方式的变化相适应。 相似文献
6.
7.
为研究青年期摩拉杂交水牛催产素(oxytocin,OT)神经元的表达特点,采用免疫组织化学技术中的Pic-TureTM二步法,对青年期摩杂一代水牛催产素神经元的定位及分布进行了研究。结果表明:下丘脑分泌OT的神经元主要分布在室旁核、视上核和弓状核,在视前内侧核、视交叉上核、下丘脑前核、下丘脑后核、背内侧核、腹内侧核和乳头体核等核团也有一定数量的阳性神经元;阳性神经纤维仅见于室旁核、弓状核、乳头体核,在正中隆起第三脑室室管膜附近有较多数量的阳性神经纤维。观察结果提示:下丘脑OT经神经垂体、第三脑室、血管3条途径释放;不同种属动物下丘脑OT存在差异。 相似文献
8.
采用免疫组织化学技术中的链霉素抗生物素-过氧化酶(streptarid in-perox idase,SP)法,对妊娠中期奶山羊下丘脑中催产素(O xytoc in,OT)神经元的定位及分布进行了观察研究。结果表明,下丘脑中分泌OT的神经元主要分布在视上核和室旁核,在环核、视上弥散核、弓状核、室周核、穹窿周核、下丘脑前区、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑后核和乳头体各核团等也有一定数量的阳性神经元;另外,在室旁核、视上弥散核、视上核、正中隆起和第三脑室附近有较多数量的强阳性神经纤维,在交叉上核有少量阳性神经纤维。提示OT在妊娠中期奶山羊下丘脑中分布广泛,且下丘脑OT经神经垂体,第三脑室,血管三条途径释放,经血液循环最终作用于靶细胞而发挥生理作用。 相似文献
9.
目的:观察应激致血压升高大鼠视上核一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的变化及针刺足三里的影响,以探讨应激升压和针刺降压的中枢机制.方法:SD雄性大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、应激组和针刺组,每组30只.选用刺激脉冲随机变动的足底电击结合噪声刺激建立应激动物模型,对针刺组大鼠行疏密两种波针刺足三里.观察和比较各组大鼠下丘脑视上核一氧化氮合酶阳性细胞的形态、分布并进行计数.结果:应激降低大鼠视上核一氧化氮阳性神经元数量,视上核内一氧化氮合酶阳性细胞数在针刺组明显高于应激组(P＜0.05).结论:应激使大鼠血压升高,视上核一氧化氮阳性神经元数量减少,针刺可能通过增加应激大鼠视上核一氧化氮阳性神经元数量而产生降压作用. 相似文献
10.
为了探讨促性腺激素释放激素(gonadotrop in re leas ing horm one,G nRH)在青年奶山羊下丘脑的表达特点,采用灵敏度较高的免疫组化SP法研究了G nRH神经元在6~8月龄青年奶山羊下丘脑中的分布。结果表明,分泌G nRH的神经元主要分布在视上核、下丘脑前核、室旁核和弓状核,其次是视前内侧核、视前外侧核、交叉上核、下丘脑外侧区、视上弥散核、腹内侧核、腹外侧核及乳头体各核团,前连合核、终纹床核、穹窿周核、环核、视前交叉上核和背内侧核分布较少。G nRH阳性神经元的形态有圆形、三角形、卵圆形、梭形、多角形、不规则形,有些阳性神经元还具有明显的突起;圆形和三角形细胞直径为7~27μm,卵圆形和梭形细胞短轴和长轴分别为7~21和10~48μm;G nRH阳性神经纤维仅见于视前内侧核、视前外侧核、弓状核、乳头体后核、乳头体内侧核等核团,在正中隆起和第三脑室室周也可见中等数量的阳性纤维。结果提示,G nRH神经元在青年奶山羊下丘脑分布广泛。 相似文献
11.
Lateral interactions at inner plexiform layer of vertebrate retina: antagonistic responses to change 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
F S Werblin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,175(25):1008-1010
Lateral interactions at the inner plexiform layer of the retina of the mudpuppy were studied intracellularly after they were isolated from interactions at the outer plexiform layer with a special stimulus. The isolation was confirmed by recording no surround effect at bipolar cells under conditions that elicited a strong surround effect at ganglion cells. It appears that amacrine cell, which respond to spatiotemporal change at one retinal region, inhibit the response to change in on-off ganglion cells at adjacent sites. 相似文献
12.
The activity of acetylcholinesterase in the inner plexiform layer of the rabbit retina was not affected detectably by prior section of the optic nerve. After the animals were treated with diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate, acetylcholinesterase reappeared in the somata of the amacrine cells and in certain cells of the ganglion cell layer before it reappeared in the inner plexiform fibers. This confirms the normal presence of acetylcholinesterase at the former site. The possible role of acetylcholine in intraretinal transmission is considered. 相似文献
13.
Substance P activity in the bullfrog retina: localization and identification in several vertebrate species 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Immunoreactive substance P is present in the bullfrog retina, possibly in two types of stratified amacrine cells, with their somas in the inner nuclear layer and their neuronal processes entering the inner plexiform layer and ramifying in sublayers 3 or 4 (or both). Occasionally, polygonal somas positive for substance P were found in the ganglion cell layer. Approximately 75 percent of the cell bodies positive for substance P and 65 percent of the radioimmunoassayable substance P were found in the superior half of the frog retina. On the basis of high-performance liquid chromatography, the immunoreactive substance P in the neural retina of the rat, monkey, or chick is similar to synthetic substance P, whereas this is not true of the immunoreactive substance P in the bullfrog or carp retina. 相似文献
14.
The retina of the newborn human infant 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
I Abramov J Gordon A Hendrickson L Hainline V Dobson E LaBossiere 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,217(4556):265-267
We have examined a pair of eyes from a normal, full-term infant who died at 8 days as a result of accidental injury. Eyes were obtained immediately after death, fixed, and sectioned for light microscopy. Results from both eyes were substantially the same. The macular region was still drastically immature at 1 week. Even though a foveal depression existed, all cell layers were still present across it. Furthermore, the inner nuclear layer was divided into two separate layers. The receptor layer was reduced to one or two cells thick; receptors had both inner and outer segments, but they were very short and stumpy. The region of immaturity covered about 5 degrees of the retina. These findings suggest that the central region of a human infant's retina is probably not fully functional at birth. 相似文献
15.
鲫鱼和红腹锦鸡视网膜结构的比较组织学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)和红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)视网膜组织结构与其生活环境的适应关系,测量了视网膜各层厚度、3个核层的胞核层数及胞核直径,并对数据进行了统计分析。结果表明:鲫鱼和红腹锦鸡视网膜均由4层细胞构成,在显微镜下分为10层。鲫鱼视网膜平均厚度为196.57μm,红腹锦鸡为225.31μm。红腹锦鸡的视网膜内核层的细胞核层数比外核层多,鲫鱼的外核层细胞核层数大于内核层。鲫鱼和红腹锦鸡这2种动物视网膜结构的差异,与其从水生到陆生的生境迁移和捕食方式的变化相适应。 相似文献
16.
Diurnal expression of transducin mRNA and translocation of transducin in rods of rat retina 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
The messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes alpha subunit of the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein transducin (T alpha) and T alpha immunoreactivity were localized and measured in the rat retina during the light-dark cycle with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Both T alpha mRNA and T alpha immunoreactivity were observed only in photoreceptors. Within the photoreceptor T alpha mRNA was present primarily in the inner segments and to a lesser extent in the outer nuclear layer at all times during the day and night. However, the distribution of T alpha immunoreactivity varied profoundly with the light-dark cycle; during the day, T alpha immunoreactivity was highest in the inner segments, and at night the outer segments were more immunoreactive. The amounts of T alpha mRNA and T alpha immunoreactivity also depended on the light-dark cycle. Levels of T alpha mRNA were high immediately before and after lights on; levels were low for the rest of the light-dark cycle. During the day, T alpha immunoreactivity increased in the inner segments following the increase in T alpha mRNA. After the lights were turned off, T alpha immunoreactivity decreased in the inner segments and increased in the outer segments. Thus, it appears that T alpha is synthesized in the inner segments after a morning increase in T alpha mRNA. Newly synthesized T alpha remains in the inner segments until it is transported to the outer segments at night, where it may be involved in the increase in the sensitivity of photoreceptor rods at night. 相似文献
17.
D I Vaney 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,233(4762):444-446
Neurons that accumulate the transmitter serotonin have been identified in the living retina by being labeled with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-HT), an autofluorescent serotonin analog. Iontophoretic injection of Lucifer yellow into the labeled cells under microscopic control revealed that the serotonin-accumulating neurons in rabbit retina constitute two morphological types of amacrine cells, termed S1 and S2, whose distal dendrites are stratified at the inner margin of the inner plexiform layer. The dendritic overlap of the S1 type is extraordinarily large: each point on the retina is covered by the fields of 550 to 900 S1 amacrines, and 6 to 8 meters of their dendrites are packed into each square millimeter of retina. Such a pervasive neuropil may provide an effective substrate for diffuse transmitter release, as proposed for serotonergic fibers elsewhere in the central nervous system. 相似文献