首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
应用核不育技术根治桑给巴尔采采蝇   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
:1 994年开始应用昆虫不育技术根治坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔的温古贾岛采采蝇(GlossinaausteniNewstead)项目。该项目在坦桑大陆东北部建立了采采蝇人工大量繁殖、辐射不育设施 ,在温古贾岛上空用轻型飞机航空释放雄性不育采采蝇。在全岛设立多达 70 0个粘虫板 ,监测野生和不育采采蝇种群 ,同时在 38个监测区用MHCT等技术监测采采蝇传播的家畜锥虫病。释放了约 80 0万只雄性不育采采蝇。南半岛不育 /野生的雄蝇比由 1 995年中期前的小于 2 0 / 1上升到大于 1 0 0 / 1 ,导致雌蝇诱导不育率快速上升。野生采采蝇密度于 1 996年初开始急速下降 ,最后 1只野生雄性和雌性采采蝇分别于 1 996年第 32、36周捕获。锥虫病发病率也降至 1 %以下 ,而且仅限于Trypanosomavivax。在最后 1只野生采采蝇捕获约 6代的时间后 ,于 1 997年 1 1月底停止航空释放雄性不育采采蝇 ,经独立专家组评估后 ,正式宣告桑给巴尔采采蝇已被根治  相似文献   

2.
14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.  相似文献   

3.
Dried male inflorescences of breadfruit ( Artocarpus altilis , Moraceae) are burned in communities throughout Oceania to repel flying insects, including mosquitoes. This study was conducted to identify chemicals responsible for mosquito deterrence. Various crude extracts were evaluated, and the most active, the hydrodistillate, was used for bioassay-guided fractionation. The hydrodistillate and all fractions displayed significant deterrent activity. Exploratory GC-MS analysis revealed more than 100 distinctive peaks, and more than 30 compounds were putatively identified, including a mixture of terpenes, aldehydes, fatty acids, and aromatics. A systematic bioassay-directed study using adult Aedes aegypti females identified capric, undecanoic, and lauric acid as primary deterrent constituents. A synthetic mixture of fatty acids present in the most active fraction and individual fatty acids were all significantly more active than N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). These results provide support for this traditional practice and indicate the potential of male breadfruit flowers and fatty acids as mosquito repellents.  相似文献   

4.
We studied the sexual behaviour of three isotomid species Vertagopus cinereus, Vertagopus pseudocinereus, and Proisotoma clavipila including (1) stimulation of the female by the male, (2) deposition of spermatophores, and (3) pushing the female over the spermatophore. A variety of behaviour never described before in Isotomidae were observed including fastening of the female abdomen by the antennae of the male, repeated stimulation of the ventral region of the female, and repeated capture of spermatophore by the female. We propose a functional explanation of male sexual secondary characters and of the setae of the abdomen in V. pseudocinereus.  相似文献   

5.
~(60)Coγ射线和EMS处理冬小麦雄配子及合子的诱变效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用~(60)Coγ射线0.5—4.0kR 不同照射量辐照小麦"原冬一号"、"原冬94"、"农大139"雄配子发育不同时期的植株和用0.5—1.0kR 三个照射量、0.3-0.4%EMS 两个浓度处理"农大139"授粉后7-13小时的休眠合子。处理当代的结实率随照射量增加而下降;M_1代损伤效应明显,出苗率减少,植株生长受抑,抽穗延迟,育性降低;M_2代有较高的突变率,处理雄配子、合子总突变频率达17.1%,有益突变频率分别为4.8%、12.5%,并且变异谱较宽。γ射线处理合子的诱变效果优于 EMS。γ射线辐照雄配子的适宜时期为二核期、三核期,适宜剂量二核期为0.5-1.5kR;三核期为1.0-2.0kR:合子处理的适宜剂量γ射线为0.5-0.75kR,EMS 为0.3-0.4%。  相似文献   

6.
Induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) are important in heterosis breeding of self-pollinated crops like wheat, wherein the male and female organs are in the same flower. Taking a lead from the earlier work on rice, a total of 25 N-acylanilines comprising of malonanilates, acetoacetanilides, and acetanilides (including halogenated acetanilides) were synthesized and screened as CHAs on three genotypes of wheat, viz., PBW 343, HD 2046, and HD 2733 at 1500 ppm in the winter of 2001-2002. The N-acylanilines containing variations at the acyl and aromatic domain were synthesized by condensation of substituted anilines with appropriate diesters, acid chlorides, or monoesters. The test compounds with highly electronegative groups such as F/Br at the para position of the aryl ring were identified as the most potent CHAs, causing higher induction of male sterility. A variation of N-substitution at the side chain generally furnished analogues like 4'-fluoroacetoacetanilide (7) and ethyl 4'-fluoromalonanilate (1), which induced 89.12 and 84.66% male sterility, respectively, in PBW 343. Among halogenated acetanilides, the increasing number of chlorine atoms in the side chain led to an increase in the activity of 4'-fluoro (23) and 4'-bromo (24) derivatives of trichoroacetanilides, which induced >87% male sterility. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models indicated the positive contributions of the field effect exemplified by the Swain-Lupton constant (Fp) and negative contributions of the Swain-Lupton resonance constant (R) for the aromatic substitution. The positive influences of parachor (P) for the acyl domain have been underlined. These leads will be significant in explaining the CHA fit in the macromolecular receptor site. The CHAs appeared to act by causing an imbalance in the acid-base equilibrium in pollen mother cells resulting in dissolution of the callose wall by premature callase secretion.  相似文献   

7.
As part of the Shenandoah National Park: Fish in Sensitive Habitats (SNP: FISH) project, movements of blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) and brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) were examined during exposure to artificial acidification in paired channels of a laboratory stream. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of the fish to avoid depressions in the ambient pH and recognize and use a neutral-pH microhabitat refuge during acute reductions. Fish preference for a particular channel was statistically predictable based on the delivery of food. We tested fish avoidance behavior by manipulating food and the delivery of a pulse of acidified water. Both blacknose dace and brook char avoided the acid pulse (ambient pH reduced from 7.2 to 5.1) by sheltering in the pH-neutral refuge. Extensive field sampling in refuge microhabitats before and during episodic acidification is needed to determine changes in the distributional patterns of these species associated with acid precipitation events.  相似文献   

8.
选择1日龄黄羽肉鸡60只,随机分成2组。在实验组中添加3%共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA),对照组日粮中添加3%的食用菜籽油。49日龄屠宰,采集腹部脂肪组织。用RT-PCR方法,以β-actin为内标,相对定量测定腹脂中鸡生长激素受体（cGHR）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（cIGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ型受体（cIGF-ⅠR）、过氧化物增殖剂活化受体γ（cPPARγ）、脂联素（cAdiponectin）及其Ⅰ型受体（cAdipoⅠR）的mRNA丰度。结果显示：CLA处理使肉鸡的腹脂沉积下降了20.93%（P<0.05）,分别使腹脂中鸡cGHR mRNA和cPPARγ mRNA降低了24.74%（P<0.05）和66.52%（P<0.01）;而对cIGF-1、cIGF-ⅠR、cAdiponectin、cAdipoⅠR 基因表达无显著影响（P>0.05）;数据提示：CLA降低肉鸡脂肪沉积的作用可能通过GH途径和PPARγ通路介导,而与IGF-1和（或）GH-IGF-1途径、Adiponectin 的作用无关。  相似文献   

9.
根据甘蓝型油菜多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白(PGIP)基因PGIP3的全长序列设计引物,从普通白菜核隐性不育两用系‘Bajh97-01A/B'可育株中成功克隆了多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白基因BcPGIP,对其DNA和cDNA全长序列进行分析,结果表明,该基因包含2个外显子和1个内含子,最大开放阅读框为996bp,编码331个氨基酸,共有10个LRR(Leucine-rich repeat,高氨酸富集)重复序列。将BcPGIP与其他植物的49个PGIPs蛋白进行同源序列比对后,发现PGIP蛋白特征序列非常保守。由重建的进化树可知,该基因与十字花科芸薹属的甘蓝型油菜的同源性最高。通过实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,BcPGIP基因可能与花粉的发育相关。  相似文献   

10.
锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)是一种重要的抗氧化剂,果糖1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶(FBA)是叶绿体光合碳化阶段起重要调节作用的关键酶.本研究以小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生理型与遗传型等基因雄性不育系及其对应育性正常的保持系为材料,选取花粉小孢子发育各时期的花药及三核期子房,对供试材料花药全蛋白表达差异研究的基础上,对雄性不育相关基因(Mn-SOD)及FBA进行核酸水平的实时荧光定量PCR分析,结果发现,与可育保持系相比,(1)生理型雄性不育系Mn-SOD基因在幼穗期、单核期和三核期表达量显著下调,而酶活力在幼穗期上调,在单核期下调;遗传型雄性不育系Mn-SOD基因在幼穗期和单核期表达量下调,酶活力在幼穗期上调,在二核期下调.(2)生理型雄性不育系和遗传型雄性不育系FBA基因表达量在幼穗期和单核期均下调,而对应同时期的FBA酶活力也下调,而遗传型不育系FBA基因在三核期表达量和FBA酶活力均上调.(3)Mn-SOD和FBA在遗传型雄性不育系三核期子房和花药中表达量均高于生理型雄性不育系和正常可育系,而在生理型雄性不育系花药中,Mn-SOD表达量明显低于对照可育系,在子房中其表达量略高于正常可育系.基因表达具有组织特异性,其蛋白表达较基因表达具有一定滞后性.Mn-SOD基因过量表达(单核至二核期),从而清除花药代谢紊乱产生的过多的活性氧,维持细胞正常功能;而花粉败育(生理型和遗传型雄性不育)导致花药失去活力,从而使花药叶绿体光合能力下降,FBA下调表达.研究结果提示,不同发育时期FBA及Mn-SOD酶活力变化与基因表达水平相一致,且这两个指标的变化直接或间接的影响了小麦花药的育性程度.  相似文献   

11.
甘蓝型油菜陕2A细胞质雄性不育的遗传及RAPD标记   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  
本研究以甘蓝型油菜陕 2A细胞质雄性不育系、保持系和F2 分离群体为材料 ,对F2 分离群体的遗传分离情况进行分析 ,结果表明 ,可育与不育株花器存在明显差异 ,符合 3∶1的分离比例 ,因而推断细胞质雄性不育恢复基因受 1对显性基因控制。利用分离群体分组分析法(BSA) ,用 1 0 5个随机引物对细胞质雄性不育恢复基因进行RAPD分析 ,发现有 6个随机引物扩增出多态性差异谱带。引物S62 和S74在可育和不育基因池中扩增出单条特异性谱带所代表的DNA序列 ,很可能与不育系的恢复基因连锁。  相似文献   

12.
  相似文献   

13.
To examine the spatial variation of airborne lead in Taipei, a field study was conducted during the summer and fall of 1991. Samples were collected 2–4 times daily at several sites for the determination of airborne lead. Results indicate that the average of air lead concentration of Taipei city is 0.70±0.39 μg/m3 and eighty-eight percent of particles are smaller than 10 pm. From high to low polluted area, the fine particle concentrations are 0.83, 0.51, 0.29 μg/m3 The lead concentration of particulates < 10 μm on 2nd, 7th, and 14th floors of a building are 0.75, 0.60, 0.55 μg/m3, and appears to be little difference among vertical dispersions. The air lead concentrations (da < 10 μm) on roadside, side walk and covered walk way from the vehicle emission source of a main road are 0.83, 0.78, 0.87 μg/m3 the highest is on the covered walk way. For lead concentrations (da < 10 μm) on the main street, side street and alley of an area are 0.34, 0.37, 0.35 μg/m3 the result indicates lead concentrations on these pathways are not significantly different.  相似文献   

14.
EDDHA/Fe3+ chelates are the most common fertilizers used to solve Fe chlorosis in established crops. Commercial products contain two regioisomers, ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,o-EDDHA)/Fe3+ and ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA)/Fe3+. Although several chromatographic methods exist for the determination of Fe3+ chelated by the o,o-EDDHA isomer, no method has been described for the quantification of Fe3+ chelated by o,p-EDDHA. In this work, factors that affect the behavior of o,p-EDDHA/Fe3+ in ion pair chromatography are reviewed: pH, ion pair reagent, and organic modifier. The best chromatographic performance was obtained with an aqueous mobile phase at pH 6.0 containing 35% acetonitrile and 5 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide under isocratic elution conditions. This method was applied to the quantification of commercial samples.  相似文献   

15.
为确定极性调控蛋白Crumbs-3(Crb3)在小鼠(Mus musculus)睾丸组织的定位及其在曲精小管精子发生及间质细胞发育过程中的分布规律,本研究运用常规石蜡切片-HE染色方法和免疫荧光组织化学技术,分别对小鼠生后不同发育阶段睾丸组织结构及Crb3在不同发育时期睾丸组织中的分布进行了研究。结果显示,随着个体发育,曲精小管的直径及生精上皮的厚度不断增大,管腔则由小增大、变小再增大;睾丸曲精小管内生精细胞处于动态的发育变化中,2周龄的生精小管内仅有增殖分裂的数层精原细胞和支持细胞,4周龄时出现各级生精细胞、但无精子形成;之后,继续增殖分裂,至8周管腔内有大量精子形成;并随日龄增加生精细胞密度不断加大;支持细胞的形态随着个体发育逐渐变得清晰而易于辨认;间质细胞则随个体发育体积不断增大、核质比例逐渐下降,而胞质嗜酸性逐渐增强。免疫荧光染色结果显示,Crb3蛋白主要分布在各周龄睾丸曲精小管生精细胞胞膜以及睾丸间质细胞胞膜,且间质细胞上的阳性信号明显强于生精细胞。研究结果提示,Crb3不仅与生精上皮细胞的极性建立和维持有关,而且可能参与睾丸类固醇激素的合成和分泌。  相似文献   

16.
To examine the metabolic fate of 7-fluoro-6-(3,4,5, 6-tetrahydrophthalimido)-4-(2-propynyl)-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3( 4H)-one (S-53482), rats were given a single oral dose of [phenyl-(14)C]-S-53482 at 1 (low) or 100 (high) mg/kg. The radiocarbon was almost completely eliminated within 7 days after administration in both groups. (14)C recoveries (expressed as percentages relative to the dosed (14)C) in feces and urine were 56-72 and 31-43%, respectively, for the low dose and 78-85 and 13-23%, respectively, for the high dose. S-53482 and seven metabolites were identified in urine and feces. Six of them were purified by several chromatographic techniques and identified by spectroanalyses (NMR and MS). Alcohol derivatives and an acetoanilide derivative were isolated from urine. Three sulfonic acid conjugates having a sulfonic acid group incorporated into the double bond of the 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide moiety were isolated from feces. On the basis of the metabolites identified in this study, the metabolic pathways of S-53482 in rats are proposed.  相似文献   

17.
We capitalized on a regional-scale, anthropogenic experiment—the reduction of black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns across the Great Plains of North America—to test the hypothesis that decline of this species has led to declines in diversity of native grassland vertebrates of this region. We compared species richness and species composition of non-volant mammals, reptiles and amphibians at 36 prairie dog towns and 36 paired sites in the Panhandle Region of Oklahoma during the summers and falls of 1997, 1998 and 1999. We detected 30 species of mammals, 18 species of reptiles and seven species of amphibians. Comparisons between communities at prairie dog towns and paired sites in the adjacent landscape indicated that while richness per se was not necessarily higher in towns, they did harbor significantly more rare and imperiled species. Species that were positively associated with prairie dog towns during one or both seasons (summer and fall) included badgers (Taxidea taxus), eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), grasshopper mice (Onychomys leucogaster), swift fox (Vulpes velox), pronghorn antelopes (Antilocapra americana), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), cattle, thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus), black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus califonicus), barred tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum), plains spadefoot toads (Scaphiopus bombifrons), Great Plains toad (Bufo cognatus), Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousii), prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalis viridis), western plains garter snakes (Thamnophis radix), Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum), and ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata).  相似文献   

18.
“卡努”（0515）台风在褐飞虱突增中的作用探析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
“卡努”台风在2005年9月11日夜间至13日早晨穿越浙江、江苏进入东海期间，嘉兴及相邻的杭州余杭稻区出现褐飞虱突增现象，分析表明11日和12日傍晚虫源地（江淮地区）的气象条件有利于褐飞虱的起飞，11日夜间台风中心附近强烈的辐合气流和12日夜间台风后部的偏北气流有利于褐飞虱在空中向江南稻区输送运行，11日夜间嘉卷等地的台风暴雨和12日夜间850hPa切变线的存在有利于褐飞虱在该地区降落，说明褐飞虱突增现象与“卡努”台风影响过程关系密切，故对9月中旬前后台风中心经过稻区的褐飞虱防治应增加重视度。  相似文献   

19.
The distribution of oxytetracycline (OTC) in male and female Macrobrachium rosenbergii was examined after the prawns had been given medicated feed containing OTC at levels of 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg of feed for 1 week and nonmedicated feed thereafter. OTC levels in the heads of both male and female prawns were consistently higher than in the muscles. Batches of both male and female prawns treated with higher dosages had significantly higher OTC residues in both head and muscle tissues than the batches treated with lower dosages. During treatment, peak concentrations in the head and muscle from each group were reached within 4-6 days. After drug treatment ceased, 13 days for the head and 10 days for the muscle were required to reduce OTC residues to safe levels in all batches of both sexes and dosages. In practice, to account for variations in water temperature, drug dosage, duration of therapy, and other environmental conditions, a withdrawal period of 21 days is recommended.  相似文献   

20.
Four pepsinogens (PG-I, PG-II, PG-III(a), and PG-III(b)) were highly purified from the stomach of the freshwater fish mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion exchange, and gel filtration. The molecular masses of the four purified PGs were 36, 35, 38, and 35 kDa, respectively. All the pepsinogens converted into their active form pepsins within a few minutes under pH 2.0. The optimum pH and temperature of the four enzymes were 3.0-3.5 and 45-50 degrees C, using hemoglobin as a substrate. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of PG-I and PG-II were determined to the 12th and 17th amino acid residues, respectively. Western blot analysis using antisea bream polyclonal antibodies cross reacted with PG-I, PG-II, and PG-III(b) while no cross reaction with PG-III(a) was detected, suggesting the diversity of pepsinogens in fish.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号