共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
D. J. Durzan 《Scientia Horticulturae》1995,60(3-4):221-233
Zinc deficiency of commercial pistachio trees is characterized visually as ‘little leaf’, analytically by low levels of zinc, and internally by increases in N, P and total soluble N. Under a range of zinc deficiencies, blocks in metabolism arise which lead to the accumulation of free arginine N. Over the growing season, arginine N in healthy leaves is normally used for amino acid and protein synthesis. The physiological states induced by zinc deficiencies reversibly alter the internal correlations among free amino acid components of the soluble N pool. Several correlations are rigidly maintained over the growth and developmental age of leaves, so as to support the visual indices for zinc deficiency. 相似文献
2.
外源氮对盐胁迫下库拉索芦荟幼苗生长和养分含量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
研究了外源不同浓度硝酸铵对盐胁迫下库拉索芦荟幼苗生长和养分含量的影响。结果表明,外施硝酸铵(3.75～18.75 mmol·L - 1 ) 能够显著增加NaCl 200 mmol·L - 1胁迫下植株的干质量。随着供氮水平的增加, 叶片中氮、磷、钾、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和总蒽醌的含量均明显增加, 并在外施11.25～15 mmol·L - 1硝酸铵时达到最大值; 而外施硝酸铵浓度增至18.75 mmol·L - 1时, 各指标均表现出不同程度的下降。不同叶位叶片各指标含量存在较大差异, 上位叶全磷、总蒽醌及可溶性蛋白质的含量较高, 中位叶可溶性糖的含量较高, 全氮在下位叶积累较多。氮、磷、钾、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质等含量的增加在某种程度上是外源氮提高了芦荟植株抗盐性的重要原因之一。 相似文献
3.
D. W. P. Greenham 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):213-235
A factorial NPK fertilizer trial was started in 1931 with newly planted dessert apple trees. Two varieties (Cox’s Orange Pippin and Beauty of Bath) and four rootstocks (M.I, M.V, M.IX and M.XII) were represented. By 1953. after the orchard was thinned in two stages, only one experimental tree, of Cox’s Orange Pippin on M.XII, remained in each plot; at this time a fourth factor was added by establishing a sward (S) in half the plots and continuing to cultivate the remainder during each spring and summer.Severe deficiency symptoms developed early in the trial on plots receiving no potash. Recovery followed the overall annual application from 1937 of 2 cwt. per acre sulphate of potash, additional to the treatment comparison of nil v. 2 cwt. per acre, but large differences in tree size and cropping persisted. These differences were not greatest with the variety or the rootstock showing the most severe leaf scorch symptoms.The overall potash application was discontinued in 1953, but the levels of “ available” potassium in the soil had by then been raised, and the trees of Cox on M.XII did not develop potassium deficiency over the next ten years. On the contrary, there was evidence that the higher level was now harmful, perhaps because of induced incipient magnesium deficiency.Superphosphate (18% P2O5, 5 cwt. per acre per annum) did not affect the performance of the trees and only slightly increased the phosphorus concentration in the leaves. Much greater increases in leaf phosphorus were brought about by grassing down, particularly in the absence of nitrogen applications.In the nitrogen treatment sulphate of ammonia was applied initially at 1½ cwt. per acre per annum, but this rate was increased to 3 cwt. per acre in 1941 and then to 6 cwt. per acre in 1953 ; from 1958 Nitrochalk at an equivalent rate was applied instead of sulphate of ammonia. This nitrogen treatment increased the total crop per plot over the first I7 years by 15%, and the total crop of the Cox on M.XII over the period 1953-62 by 25*#x0025;. The response was especi~lly marked in the last few years when the trees with and without nitrogen were still virtually indistinguishable in leaf colour ; values for nitrogen concentration on a dry-weight basis in mid-shoot leaves for August 1962 were 2·9% and 2·8% respectively.Trees receiving nitrogen were grassed down in 1953 without reduction in total crop over the next ten years, though nitrogen status was depressed in the first few seasons. This depression was much more severe and persistent with the trees not receiving nitrogen, despite the abundance of clover in the swards on those plots.The advantages of grassing down on fruit quality may be largely due to the restriction of nitrogen supply to the tree. 相似文献
4.
Changes in free amino acids were followed during the course of development and senescence of ‘Pusa Seedless’ grape berries. The total free amino acid content continuously increased right from the time of anthesis. The rate of increase was rather slow in the beginning, but accelerated after a lag phase (stage II) of berry development. Glutamic acid was the predominant amino acid in stage I, aspartic acid in stage II and arginine in stage III. In stage III there were massive increases in several amino acids. The ripening process was observed to be intimately associated with the metabolism of arginine, proline and glutamic acid. The proline level in particular increased at the height of the ripening process. During cold storage, the total free amino acid content decreased. Proline content of the berry increased at the expense of arginine and glutamic acid. The study indicated a possible relationship between low arginine/proline ratio and the onset of senescence. 相似文献
5.
氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K2SO4)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。 相似文献
6.
氮磷缺乏对薏苡生长及其生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以贵州省黔西南州兴仁县薏苡为试材,采用沙培盆栽方式设置对照(全素营养)、缺氮、缺磷、缺氮磷4个处理,测定分析了薏苡生长前期各形态指标、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统及可溶性糖的含量,探讨氮磷元素缺乏对薏苡生长及生理特性的影响,以期提高薏苡的产量及品质。结果表明:1)缺氮、缺磷、缺氮磷均显著降低薏苡株高、根长、总叶片数、比叶面积及叶绿素含量,导致总生物量较对照分别降低80.65%、77.88%、91.24%;2)缺氮、缺磷、缺氮磷显著增加丙二醛(MDA)含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,缺氮时过氧化物酶(POD)活性降低14.29%,缺磷、缺氮磷时活性升高;3)薏苡可溶性糖含量在缺磷时较对照显著增加102.00%,缺氮和缺氮磷时可溶性糖含量分别较对照显著降低54.35%、34.59%。缺素处理总体上抑制了薏苡的生长,且缺氮磷比单独缺氮、缺磷对薏苡生长及生理的抑制作用更明显。 相似文献
7.
Mohamed Ali A. Bacha 《Scientia Horticulturae》1975,3(3):247-250
The seasonal trends in nitrogen and carbohydrate contents in the leaves of ‘Banati’ pomegranate trees were studied during two successive growing-seasons. The nitrogen content expressed as % and as mg per leaf decreased gradually during the growing-season in both years. The % total sugars in the leaves fluctuated during the growing-season, but did not show a consistent trend in the 2 years. The starch content of the leaves tended to decrease from May till August and then increased till the end of the season in both years. 相似文献
8.
外源水杨酸对韭菜硝酸盐累积及还原同化的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
针对韭菜生产中硝酸盐累积问题，研究了叶面喷施水杨酸(SA)对韭菜硝酸盐累积及还原同化的影响。在不同氮素水平下，叶面喷施3.0 mmol·L-1SA后6～9 d可明显降低韭菜叶片硝酸盐含量15.9％～21.6％，而当SA水平达到10.0 mmol·L-1时会加重硝酸盐的积累。叶面喷施3.0 mmol·L-1SA后9 d，韭菜叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷胺酰氨合成酶(GS)活性分别比对照增加了48.9%和40.3％、净光合速率(Pn)和可溶性蛋白含量分别提高了43.4%和21.3％；同时，韭菜叶片谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)活性和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)活性也均有增加。因此，叶面喷施的外源水杨酸显著提高了氮还原动力泵NR活性以及氮同化动力泵GS活性，同时调动光合作用和转氨作用的积极协同配合，促进了硝态氮转化为游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白，减少了硝酸盐进入液泡贮积。 相似文献
9.
不同氮素水平对草莓氨基酸和蛋白质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对不同氮素水平下草莓(FragariaananssaDuch.)果实中的氨基酸和蛋白质进行了分析,结果表明:在所测出的17种氨基酸中,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸等是草莓主要的氨基酸,其中天冬氨酸含量最高,占总氨基酸的21.27%～26.83%,其含量与总氨基酸之间存在显著相关性,回归方程为yaa=4.2545+1.6763xAsp(r=0.6858),并且施氮量对这些主要氨基酸的含量变化幅度影响较大。花期追施不同水平氮肥后,随着施氮量增加,蛋白质和氨基酸含量呈增加趋势,必需氨基酸含量亦增加,但占总氨基酸的比例下降。不同氮素水平(低量、中量、高量)下,蛋白质与氨基酸的含量均是随成熟期先下降后上升,而对照(不施氮肥)呈一直下降趋势。蛋白质与氨基酸之间也存在相关性,回归方程为yPr=1.2665+3.4259xaa(r=0.7664)。 相似文献
10.
根域限制对‘巨峰’葡萄转色期和成熟期树体碳氮化合物含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨根域限制栽培模式下‘巨峰’葡萄在转色期和成熟期树体不同部位碳、氮化合物含量变化特征,以根域限制培养的3年生‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,以传统土壤栽培方式为对照,测定转色期和成熟期不同组织器官中糖、淀粉、总氮和氨基酸含量。结果表明,在转色期和成熟期,根域限制树的新梢长度和叶面积显著低于对照,而果实中可溶性固形物含量显著高于对照。根域限制树的根、主干、新梢中总糖和淀粉含量均显著高于对照,总氨基酸含量约为对照的一半,除精氨酸外,其他氨基酸和全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮均低于对照。表明根域限制抑制了转色期和成熟期‘巨峰’葡萄的氮素吸收和同化,降低了树液中氨基酸的含量,使光合产物积累增加,从而促进了果实中糖的积累。 相似文献
11.
氮磷钾缺素对水茄幼苗生长和生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以水茄(Solanum torvum Sw.)幼苗为材料,用溶液培养法诱导N、P、K缺素症,观察缺素症的形态特征并测定各缺素水茄的生长与生理差异,以期为水茄栽培的营养诊断和施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:水茄缺素症的表现时间和主要症状有差异,缺N症状表现最早,缺N、缺K处理对植株地上部影响最明显;水茄缺素处理的叶片数、全株干质量、根总体积均低于对照,根冠比均高于对照;缺N水茄老叶和嫩叶的叶绿素含量均极显著低于对照,缺P处理的嫩叶叶绿素含量则极显著高于对照;不同缺素处理水茄的根系活力之间差异极显著,缺N和缺P植株根系活力变弱,而缺K植株的根系活力变强,比对照极显著提高了44.34%。 相似文献
12.
Elsie M. Ford 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):505-517
Mature trees of Beauty of Bath, Tydeman’s Late Orange and Laxton’s Superb on M.VII rootstock, growing under commercial-type conditions, were severely deficient in magnesium as shown by leaf analysis and typical symptoms. Five sprays yearly of 2% Epsom salt (MgSO4.7H2 O) raised the concentration of magnesium in the leaves and largely eliminated symptoms: the concentrations of calcium and, to a lesser extent, of potassium in leaves were reduced. Over six years, there was little effect of Epsom salt on growth as measured, but crop weight was increased by 19–39% according to variety: this was largely, but not entirely, due to increase in fruit set. The proportion of fruit that dropped was decreased for Beauty of Bath and for Tydeman’s Late Orange sprayed with Epsom salt and the weight per 100 fruits of the late varieties Tydeman’s Late Orange and Laxton’s Superb was increased. Untreated trees on M.II rootstock, in contrast to those on M.VII, showed almost no foliar symptoms of magnesium deficiency, made more growth and produced larger crops; the concentrations of magnesium and calcium in the leaves were higher whereas potassium was usually lower. Epsom salt sprays did not increase growth or cropping; indeed, there was a tendency for sprays to reduce the crop weight of Beauty of Bath on M.II, indicating that they should not be used indiscriminately.Epsom salt foliar sprays increased the “available” magnesium in the soil to a level considered to be medium—high; this effect was mainly shown in the top 6 in. of soil and gradually diminished to the 18–24 in. zone. Nevertheless, in the year following the termination of treatments, the proportion of foliage affected in Laxton’s Superb on M.VII, previously sprayed with Epsom salt, was almost as great as that of untreated trees and the concentration of magnesium in the leaves was as low. It appeared that magnesium in the soil did not reach the leaves.The increase in “available” magnesium due to sprays was greater in soil carrying trees on M.II than M.VII, a result probably due to the extra quantity of spray required for these larger trees. 相似文献
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14.
芒果叶片生化特性与炭疽病发生的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了芒果叶片生化特性与炭疽病发生之间的关系。田间自然发病调查和室内人工接种鉴定结果均表明,随着芒果叶片由最初的古铜色向淡绿色和深绿色叶片的逐渐成熟老化,抗病性逐渐增强。对芒果叶片表面蜡质层和叶内可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、总酚含量及细胞膜相对透性的测定结果表明,与淡绿色叶片和老叶相比较,古铜色叶片含有较少的表面蜡质、叶内可溶性糖和总酚含量及较多的游离氨基酸,推断古铜色叶片对病害的易感性可能与其叶面蜡质和叶内总酚含量较少、叶内可溶性糖和游离氨基酸的比值(C/N比)较低有关。 相似文献
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16.
半根交替干旱对‘大久保’桃叶片中几种有机渗透调节物质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
和良好水分条件的对照相比较, 半根交替干旱处理(ARS) 对‘大久保’桃叶片日出前水势无显著影响, 但显著高于全根干旱(WRS) 处理。WRS导致叶片中游离氨基酸、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著增加和淀粉含量显著降低, 而ARS和对照之间叶片中游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和淀粉含量均不存在显著性差别。此外, 叶片中游离氨基酸、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量与日出前叶片水势呈显著或极显著负相关, 而淀粉含量与日出前叶片水势呈极显著正相关。上述结果表明, ARS条件下植株具有良好的水分供应能力, 并不存在积累上述有机物质进行渗透调节的现象。 相似文献
17.
The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization on free amino acid concentrations in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch., cv.Nohime) plants was investigated using two AMF species [Glomus mosseae (Gm), Gl. aggregatum (Ga)] under phosphorus-supplemented (+P) or non-supplemented (−P) conditions. Ten weeks after AMF inoculation, mycorrhizal plants showed higher values in dry weight of both shoots and roots than did non-mycorrhizal ones among most of the treatments. Shoots and roots of mycorrhizal plants had greater phosphorus concentrations in −P plots, while in +P plots, P concentrations differed little among the inoculation treatments. AMF colonization was greater in plants inoculated with Gm than in plants inoculated with Ga. Total amino acid concentration was higher in most of the plants inoculated with Gm than in non-mycorrhizal ones regardless of P treatment. Serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine and GABA were higher in both mycorrhizal plants in −P plots than in non-inoculated plants. In +P plots, threonine and isoleucine concentrations were greater in both mycorrhizal plants than in non-inoculated ones. Asparagine, glutamic acid, glycine, citrulline, GABA and arginine were greater in plants inoculated with Gm than in non-mycorrhizal ones. These findings verified that inoculation with AMF increases total amino acid concentrations and concentrations of specific amino acids in strawberry plants with or without phosphorus supplementation, though the effects varied with species of mycorrhizal fungus. 相似文献
18.
矮生菜豆叶片衰老过程中碳氮代谢指标的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以矮生菜豆品种美国贡豆和哈菜豆六号为试材,研究了矮生菜豆叶片衰老过程中碳氮代谢指标的变化.试验结果表明,矮生菜豆叶片展开至衰老过程中,叶片全氮含量逐渐下降,而硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量呈抛物线型变化,且峰值均出现在叶片展开后14 d左右. 相似文献
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在低氮胁迫下，以黄瓜品种津研4 号叶片为供试材料，以cDNA 为模板，依据黄瓜基因组数
据库中Csa002986 基因编码区全序列，应用Primer Premier 5.0 软件设计引物，克隆得到黄瓜钙依赖蛋白
激酶基因（calcium-dependent protein kinase，CDPK）。该基因全长1 584 bp，编码527 个氨基酸。预测
该基因编码的蛋白是一个稳定的亲水蛋白，无跨膜结构，无信号肽，存在蛋白激酶结合区、EF 手型钙结
合区、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活性位点、N 酰基化位点等多个位点。CDPK 基因在不同氮浓度处理下黄瓜
各部位表达分析结果显示，在无氮条件下，CDPK 基因在茎尖表达量最高，其次为叶和茎；在低氮条件下，
CDPK 基因在茎中表达量最高，其次为茎尖和叶；在正常及高氮条件下，CDPK 基因在茎尖表达量最高，
其次为茎和叶。CDPK 基因在叶中的表达模式分析结果显示，在无氮及低氮胁迫下CDPK 基因表达量增加，
随着氮浓度的降低，CDPK 基因的表达量增加并明显高于对照；在高氮胁迫条件下，CDPK 基因的表达量
低于对照。 相似文献