首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The accumulation potential of six, structurally related, dinitroaniline herbicides was investigated in an aquatic ecosystem. The herbicides investigated were trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), profluralin [N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine], dinitramine [N3,N3-diethyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine], chlornidine [N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine], fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline], and butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine]. The herbicide (0.1 mg) plus 1 μCi of 14C-labeled herbicide was adsorbed on 100 g of soil (1 ppm), added to individual aquariums, and flooded with 4 liters of water. Algae, snails, and daphnia were added, and 14C in water was monitored for 30 days. Fish were added on Day 30, and all components were harvested 3 days later. Bioaccumulation ratios (concentration in organism/concentration in water) for fish depended on the amount of their exposure to sunlight: Aquariums held in the dark had higher ratios for fish (235–755) than did those exposed to sunlight (32–83). Bioaccumulation ratios in the dark for fish based on 14C from bound soil residues of butralin and profluralin were 76 and 119, respectively. Direct repeated applications of profluralin (without soil) at 4-day intervals resulted in a rapid increase, then a decrease in bioaccumulation ratios for Gambusia, but a continuous increase for catfish.  相似文献   

2.
Seedlings of Solanum scabrum Mill. and Solanum ptycanthum Dun. were treated with [14C]ethalfluralin (N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-N-(methylallyl)-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine) and [14C]trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) supplied in nutrient solution to determine the basis for differences in response by these two species to these two herbicides. Plants of S. scabrum absorbed more [14C]ethalfluralin and [14C]trifluralin than plants of S. ptycanthum. During the first 24 h, S. scabrum seedlings, but not S. ptycanthum seedlings absorbed more [14C]ethalfluralin than did plants treated with [14C]trifluralin. More [14C]ethalfluralin than [14C]trifluralin was found in the shoots of plants of both species. Seventy-two hours after treatment with [14C]herbicides, the conversion to water-soluble metabolites was greater for [14C]ethalfluralin than for [14C]trifluralin. In the shoots of plants from both species an average of nearly 55% of the 14C recovered was found in the water-soluble fraction following [14C]ethalfluralin treatment whereas an average of only 40% was found in the water-soluble fraction following [14C]trifluralin treatment.  相似文献   

3.
Dinitroaniline herbicides such as oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) disrupt mitosis in the meristematic cells of seedling plants by inhibiting the formation of microtubules. For further understanding of the biochemical mechanism of action of oryzalin, laboratory analyses with isolated plant tubulin must be employed. Plant tubulin from flagella of the alga Chlamydomonas was isolated and purified. This tubulin was incubated with [14C]oryzalin, and free oryzalin was separated from oryzalin bound to plant tubulin by miniature DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Scatchard analysis predicts a molar ratio of oryzalin bound to plant tubulin of 1.0 ± 0.1 when oryzalin is incubated with plant tubulin for 30 min at pH 6.9 and 25°C. The association constant for the oryzalin-tubulin complex is 2.08 ± 0.08 × 105M?1 at 25°C. The thermodynamic values for the formation of the oryzalin-tubulin complex at 25°C are ΔGo = ?7.25 ± 0.02 kcal mol?1, ΔHo = 6.5 ± 0.2 kcal mol?1, and ΔSo = 46 ± 2 cal mol?1 deg?1 (mean ± standard error). Oryzalin has little or no affinity for intact microtubules, previously denatured plant tubulin, actin, bovine serum albumin, calmodulin, ferredoxin, trypsin, or urease, indicating oryzalin is specific for the biologically active conformation of plant tubulin. Oryzalin binds to plant tubulin to form a complex that may be incapable of polymerizing into microtubules.  相似文献   

4.
Inhibition of growth of pith callus of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, var. S-73) by the herbicide trifluralin (α,α,α - trifluoro - 2,6 - dinitro - N,N- dipropyl - p - toluidine) was previously observed. Inhibition of cell division in callus tissue of varying age by this herbicide was investigated using the Feulgen reagent and light microscopy. Upon staining and counting the number of cells in each phase of mitosis, a decrease in the number of cells in metaphase, anaphase, and telophase in the treated tissues was found. In addition to this reduction, arrested metaphases and multinucleated cells were observed. Similar results were observed with 10?4M colchicine. The effects of trifluralin on incorporation of 14C-precursors into callus RNA, DNA, and protein were also investigated. Apparent RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis in callus were inhibited by trifluralin (5 × 10?6M) treatment. The inhibition, however, was not expressed until 5–7 days after initiating treatment. Colchicine also affected apparent RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis; however, these effects were different than those observed with trifluralin. Incorporation of 14C-amino acids into protein was most severely inhibited by colchicine.  相似文献   

5.
Mixed populations of soil microorganisms were enriched in the presence of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) and 180 pure strains were subsequently isolated. About a third were able to liberate 1.5–6% 14CO2 from 0.15 mM [propyl-1-14C]trifluralin after growing for 21 days on a complex medium. One strain, identified as a Candida sp., showed a 14CO2 evolution of 11%. The amount of liberated 14CO2 could not be enhanced by adding small concentrations (<3%) of solvents to the culture, by varying the concentration of trifluralin, or by varying the composition of the complex medium. The Candida sp. was unable to cleave the aromatic ring of trifluralin or to use trifluralin as a sole source of carbon or nitrogen. Only traces (< 1%) of dealkylated trifluralin were accumulated in the culture.  相似文献   

6.
Radiochemical studies of field soil treated with 14C oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) indicated that the compound was readily degradable. One year after soil treatment with oryzalin, 45% of the original radioactivity had dissipated, 25% was extractable, and 30% was “soil bound”. The extractable fraction contained oryzalin and several degradation products, some of which were isolated and identified. No single degradation product accounted for more than 3% of the applied oryzalin. The “soil-bound” radioactivity was extractable with hot alkali. No significant radioactive residues were detectable in either seed or forage of soybean and wheat plants. No specific metabolites of oryzalin were identified in soybean plants. Trace amounts of radioactivity found in plant tissue appeared to be associated with the various plant constituents.  相似文献   

7.
Treatment of both tolerant and susceptible species with dinitroaniline herbicides results in root swelling typical of mitotic disrupters, however, no root swelling was observed in carrots treated with saturated solutions of all the dinitroaniline herbicides tested, with the exception of oryzalin treatments at ≥ 10?5 M. These levels of treatment are 100–1000 times the levels that caused root-tip swelling, even in tolerant plants. This properly classifies carrot as dinitroaniline-resistant rather than merely tolerant. Cross-resistance was noted to the structurally related mitotic disrupter, hexanitrodiphenylamine, and to the structurally unrelated herbicide, amiprophos-methyl. No resistance was noted to a number of other mitotic-disrupting herbicides. Both immunofluorescence and electron microscopy indicate that the microtubules of carrot roots were unaffected by dinitroaniline treatment. All organized microtubule configurations (cortical, pre-prophase bands, spindle, and phragmoplast) were observed in the treated material.  相似文献   

8.
The microbial metabolism of N3,N3-diethyl 2,4-dinitro-6-trifluoromethyl-m-phenylenediamine (dinitramine), N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroaniline (A-820), N-n-propyl-N-cyclopropylmethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-2,6-dinitroaniline (CGA-10832), and α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) by Aspergillus fumigatus Fres., Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and Paecilomyces sp. was investigated. The dinitrodiamine and dinitroanilines were most readily metabolized by Paecilomyces sp. The metabolism of dinitramine was examined in detail, and four metabolites were isolated: N3-ethyl 2,4-dinitro-6-trifluoromethyl-m-phenylenediamine; 2,4-dinitro-6-tri-fluoromethyl-m-phenylenediamine; 6-amino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-7-nitro-5-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole and 6-amino-2-methyl-7-nitro-5-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole. The presence of a dinitramine-degrading enzyme system in A. fumigatus was demonstrated. The enzyme dealkylates dinitramine and requires NADPH and Fe2+ as cofactors.  相似文献   

9.
Mineralization of atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5- triazine-2,4-diamine) in soil treated with a mixture of atrazine and metolachlor (2-chloro-6′-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acet-o-toluidide at concentrations typical of point-source contamination (50 μg g−1 each) was significantly greater (P<0·001) in rhizospheric soil from Kochia scoparia (L.) Roth., a herbicide-resistant plant, than in non-vegetated and control soils. Soils were collected from an agrochemical dealership contaminated with several herbicides, including atra-zine, metolachlor, trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine and pendimethalin (N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidene), at concentrations well exceeding the field application rates. Mineralization rates of ring-labeled atrazine in both rhizospheric and non-vegetated soils were quite high (>47% of the initial 14C applied after 36 days) compared to literature values. These results suggest that plants such as Kochia might be managed at pesticide-contaminated sites to help facilitate microbial degradation of wastes such as atrazine in soil.  相似文献   

10.
The effects on plant growth of applying trifluralin or nitralin combination with simazine, atrazine, prometryne and linuron to the upper 5-cm root region of vetch (Vicia sativa L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soybean (Glycine max) were investigated. Foliar injury due to herbicides of the second group was markedly reduced in each species by simultaneous treatment with trifluralin or nitralin both of which inhibited lateral root growth without affecting aerial plant growth or tap root extension growth. This inhibition of lateral root growth in roots treated with trifluralin or nitralin was associated with reduced uptake and subsequent transport to the foliage of 14C-labelled simazine in vetch and pea and 14C-labelled atrazine in soybean. This probably accounted for the reduction in simazine and atrazine phytotoxicity. In the presence of trifluralin or nitralin comparatively higher amounts of radioactivity were retained in the roots of pea and soybean and this reduced the amount of 14C available for transport to the foliage. This was not evident in vetch.  相似文献   

11.
Three structurally related [14C]dinitroaniline herbicides, trifluralin, profluralin, and fluchloralin, were extensively metabolized in vitro by both normal and phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomes. Identification of the metabolites in the ethyl acetate extracts indicated that aliphatic hydroxylation, N-dealkylation, reduction of a nitro group, and cyclization were the predominant metabolic routes for these herbicides in vitro. Of particular interest was the formation of a benzimidazole metabolite.  相似文献   

12.
The activity of two groups of growth regulators, substituted dinitroanilines and nitrophenylhydrazines, were evaluated in a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. “X-73”) callus tissue bioassay. Molar concentrations required to inhibit fresh weight gain by 50% (I50) was determined by using linear regression analysis on data obtained by testing a range of five concentrations of each chemical. All chemicals tested were inhibitory to callus tissue grown in the dark. Cell division seemed to be the primary activity inhibited. The most active of the dinitroaniline series was α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-ethyl-N-2′,6′-dichlorobenzyl-p-toluidine (I) (I50 = 1.5 × 10?10M). I and two other N-(o-halobenzyl) dinitroanilines were more active than α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-ethyl-N-2′-chloro-6′-fluorobenzyl-p-toluidine (IV), which is being developed commercially for suppression of axillary buds in tobacco. The two most active nitrophenylhydrazines tested were 1,1-dimethyl-2-(2′,6′-dinitro-3′-n-propylamino-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazine (XVIII) and 3′,5′-dinitro-p-(2,2-diethylhydrazino)-N-methoxy-N-methylbenzamide (XIX) (I50 values of 7.9 × 10?9 and 9.3 × 10?9M, respectively). Factors such as electronic distribution, steric hindrance, and lipid solubility were considered to influence the biological activity of the compounds tested.  相似文献   

13.
Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorococcum sp., Lyngbya sp., and Anabaena variabilis were cultured in Bold's basal medium. They were treated with 0.1, 1.0, and 10 μM concentrations of 2-chloro-2′, 6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor), 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(tert-butyl-amino)-s-triazine (terbuthylazine), 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), 1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine) (profluralin), 2, 4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne), and (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D). Growth of all algal species tested was markedly reduced by the triazines. Alachlor, dinoseb, and fluometuron inhibited growth of some algae at higher concentrations while 2,4-D and profluralin did not inhibit growth at the concentrations tested. Photosynthesis was greatly inhibited by the triazines, even at the 0.1 μM concentration. Fluometuron was very toxic to the blue-green algae but had less effect on the green algae tested. Lyngbya was most susceptible to photosynthesis reduction by the herbicides. The concentrations of herbicides tested had little effect on respiration of the algae species. It appears that effects on algal growth were due primarily to inhibition of photosynthesis rather than to other metabolic processes.  相似文献   

14.
The herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, ioxynil, dichlofopmethyl, and dinoseb, and the fungicides chloraniformethan and dichlofluanid inhibited energy-dependent Ca2+ uptake in plant mitochondria at concentrations where they did not inhibit ADP phosphorylation and did not interfere with tubulin polymerization. We suggest as a common mechanism of action for these pesticides the inhibition of the regulation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration which may in turn lead to many physiological malfunctions.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: The herbicidal mode of action of flamprop‐M‐methyl [methyl N‐benzoyl‐N‐(3‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)‐D ‐alaninate] was investigated. RESULTS: For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used, which indicated a mode of action similar to that of mitotic disrupter herbicides. Cytochemical fluorescence studies, which included monoclonal antibodies against polymerized tubulin, were applied to elucidate effects on mitosis and microtubule assembly in maize roots. When seedlings were root treated with 50 µM of flamprop‐M‐methyl, cell division activity in meristematic root tip cells ceased within 4 h. The compound severely disturbed the orientation of spindle and phragmoblast microtubules, leading to defective spindle and phragmoblast structures. Cortical microtubules were only slightly affected. In late anaphase and early telophase cells, phragmoblast microtubules were disorganized in multiple arrays that hampered regular cell plate deposition in cytokinesis. Microtubules of the spindle apparatus were found attached to chromosomal kinetochores, but did not show regular organization associated with a zone of microtubule‐organizing centres at the opposite ends of the cell. On account of this loss of spindle organization, chromosomes remained in a condensed state of prometaphase or metaphase. Unlike known microtubule disrupter herbicides, flamprop‐M‐methyl and its biologically active metabolite flamprop did not inhibit soybean tubulin polymerization to microtubules in vitro at 50 µM . In contrast, soybean plants responded sensitively to the compounds. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that flamprop‐M‐methyl is a mitotic disrupter herbicide with a new antimicrotubule mechanism of action that affects orientation of spindle and phragmoblast microtubules, possibly by minus‐end microtubule disassembly. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
The herbicidal mode of action of the new synthetic cyanoacrylates ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-4-ethylhex-2-enoate (CA1) and its isopropyl ester derivative CA2 was investigated. For initial characterization, a series of bioassays was used indicating a mode of action similar to that of mitotic disrupter herbicides such as the dinitroaniline pendimethalin. Cytochemical fluorescence studies including monoclonal antibodies against polymerized and depolymerized tubulin and a cellulose-binding domain of a bacterial cellulase conjugated to a fluorescent dye were applied to elucidate effects on cell division processes including mitosis and microtubule and cell wall formation in maize roots. When seedlings were root treated with 10 microM of CA1 or CA2, cell division activity in meristematic root tip cells decreased within 4 h. The chromosomes proceeded to a condensed state of prometaphase, but were unable to progress further in the mitotic cycle. The compounds caused a complete loss of microtubular structures, including preprophase, spindle, phragmoplast and cortical microtubules. Concomitantly, in the cytoplasm, an increase in labelling of free tubulin was observed. This suggests that the herbicides disrupt polymerization and microtubule stability, whereas tubulin synthesis or degradation appeared not to be affected. In addition, cellulose labelling in cell walls of root tip cells was not influenced. The effects of CA1 and CA2 were comparable with those caused by pendimethalin. In transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein4 fusion protein, labelled arrays of cortical microtubules in living epidermal cells of hypocotyls collapsed within 160 min after exposure to 10 microM CA1 or pendimethalin. Moreover, a dinitroaniline-resistant biotype of goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn) with a point mutation in alpha-tubulin showed cross-resistance against CA1 and CA2. The results strongly indicate that the cyanoacrylates are a new chemical class of herbicide which possess the same antimicrotubule mechanism of action as dinitroanilines, probably including interaction with the same binding site in alpha-tubulin.  相似文献   

17.
The effect of localized placement of trifluralin on uptake patterns of soil-applied 45Ca in vetch (Vicia sativa L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soybean (Glycine max) and 32P in vetch and pea was investigated in two soil zones in the roots and in the shoot zone before and after plant emergence. When trifluralin was in the upper root zone severe inhibition of lateral roots occurred as well as a marked decrease in uptake of 45Ca and 32P from this zone. Root growth in the lower zone was unaffected, but uptake of 45Ca and 32P was slightly reduced. Compensatory adventitious root growth as well as a marked increase in uptake of 45Ca and 32P occurred in the shoot zone. Neither root growth nor uptake of 45Ca or 32P in the upper root zone were affected by the presence of trifluralin in the lower root region. When trifluralin was placed in the shoot zone after plant emergence, adven-titious roots on the shoots were inhibited and uptake of 45Ca and 32P was reduced.  相似文献   

18.
Studies were conducled to cstmiate the adsorption parameter k and the bioactivity (in terms of G R50) of di-allate [S-2,3-dichloroallyl N, N-di-isopropyl (thiocar bamate)], iri-allate [S-2,3,3-trichloroallyl N, N -di-isopropyl (thiocar bamate], and [trifiuralin (2,6-dinitro N, N-dlpropyl-4-trifluoromelhylaniline) in a number of Saskatchewan soil. The k values ratiged from 5 for di-allate adsorption m Asquilh loamy sand to 315 for trifluralin adsorption on Melfort loam and were closely related to the soil organic matter content. The relative degree of adsorption was irifluralin > tri-allate >di-allaie. For each herbicide, the G R50 values were positively correlated wich organic matter conienl atid wilh k. It was suggested that these nonionic herbicides may be amenable to a predictive approach for field application rates in different soils. Among herbicides for any one soil, however, there was not the same relationship between G R50andk. since the G R50 was least for trifluralin and there was no significant difference between di-allate and tri-allate.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of selected herbicides have been studied on the following parameters of soil nitrification processes: the rates of nitrate and nitrite formation from ammonia in freshly perfused soils and in soils previously saturated with nitrifying organisms in an improved perfusion apparatus; the rates of oxygen consumption and of oxidation of ammonia and nitrite in washed cell suspensions of Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskii, respectively; the rates of growth of those two organisms in newly established cultures; the rates of oxygen uptake by soil enriched in nitrifying organisms; the rates of proliferation of nitrifying populations in freshly perfused soil. ID50 values were computed for all parameters and herbicides studied. On average, the most sensitive parameters were the metabolism and growth of the two organisms in pure culture, while the least sensitive were the corresponding measures in the soil environment. Similarly, herbicides fell into four distinct groups. The most toxic were the formulated octanoates of bromoxynil and ioxynil (NPH1320 and Totril, respectively); next in order of toxicity were chlorbufam, phenmedipham, formulated oxadiazon, formulated legurame, ioxynil, formulated trifluralin, and bromoxynil; low toxicity was shown by terbacil, dicamba, and tricamba, whereas asulam and the related experimental herbicide MB9555 showed activity on some parameters at the very highest concentrations only. Comparisons of soil with pure-culture parameters showed that the relative toxicities of herbicides to Nitrosomonas in culture bore little relationship to those in soil. The inhibitions of Nitrobacter proliferations in soil on the other hand were correlated with the inhibitions of growth and metabolism in pure culture. Within these overall effects, individual herbicides showed marked differential actions on various parameters. Thus, the formulated octanoates of bromoxynil and ioxynil were extremely toxic to the growth of nitrifying organisms in culture, an action probably due to an unknown formulation component. Relative to other herbicides, bromoxynil and ioxynil were more effective on nitrification processes in the soil environment. Both in culture and in the soil, Nitrobacter is more sensitive than Nitrosomonas to these four herbicides. Legurame and oxadiazon are relatively more toxic to Nitrosomonas in culture, but this differential action is not demonstrable in the soil. Dicamba, tricamba, trifluralin, and chlorbufam are more toxic to Nitrobacter than to Nitrosomonas in the soil environment. Formulated trifluralin seems to exert a stimulating action on the growth of nitrifying organisms, but only in the soil; suppression of antagonistic organisms is suggested as a possible cause. Extrapolation of these results to the field situation suggests that the only herbicide which might cause small inhibitions of nitrification at field rates is terbacil, which is disproportionately toxic at low concentrations. At rates somewhat in excess of normal, the formulated octanoates of bromoxynil and ioxynil and possibly dicamba and oxadiazon could also cause small inhibitions.  相似文献   

20.
Mechanical incorporation of a tank mixture of trifluralin in combination with fluometuron, diuron or prometryne in the soil to a depth of 10 cm protected emerging cotton from the damage caused by these herbicides in the absence of trifluralin. The incorporated tank mixtures, which were activated by sprinkler irrigation, controlled weeds which were tolerant to trifluralin alone. The different reaction of weeds and cotton to the soil-incorporated herbicide mixtures corresponded to the reaction of their root systems to trifluralin. Weeds whose root system was shortened significantly by trifluralin were sensitive to the tank-mixed, soil-incorporated herbicides. La trifluraline incorporée au sol protége le coton (Gossypium hirsutum) des herbicides à absorption racinaire L'incorporation mécanique de mélanges de trifluraline avec du fluométuron, du diuron ou de la prométryne, à des profondeurs de sol 10 cm, protégeait le coton au moment de la levée contre les dommages occasionnés par ces herbicides en l'absence de trifluraline. Les mélanges incorporés, quiétaient activés par irrigation par aspersion, détruisaient les mauvaises herbes qui étaient tolérantes à la trifluraline seule. La réaction différente des mauvaises herbes et du coton aux mélanges d'herbicides incorporés correspondait à la réaction de leur système racinaire à la trifluraline. Les mauvaises herbes dont le systéme racinaire était raccourci par la trifluraline étaient sensibles aux mélanges d'herbicides incorporés. Schutz der Baumwolle (Gossypium hirsutum) vor wurzelabsorbierten Herbiziden durch eingearbeitetes Trifluralin Nach Einarbeitung von Tankmischungen von Trifluralin mit Fluometuron, Diuron oder Prometryn bis in 10 cm Bodentiefe blieben Baumwoll-Keimpflanzen von den sonst von diesen 3 letzgenannten Herbiziden verursachten Schaden frei, Mittels der Tankmischungen ließen sich gegenuber Trifluralin allein unempfindliche Unkrauter bekampfen. Die unterschiedliche Reaktion der Unkrauter und der Baumwolle auf die eingearbeiteten Herbizidmischungen entsprachen der Reaktion ihrer Wurzeln auf Trifluralin. Soweit die Entwicklung von Unkrautwurzeln durch Trifluralin signifikant gehemmt wurde, waren diese Arten gegenuber den eingearbeitenen Tankmischungen empfindlich.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号