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1.
茶小绿叶蝉危害乌龙茶茶树品种的挥发物分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确茶小绿叶蝉危害不同抗性茶树品种后挥发物的变化,从而为抗虫茶树品种的选育提供依据,本研究选择小绿叶蝉危害虫口密度最大和最小的乌龙茶茶树品种肉桂和铁观音为材料,以GC-MS为研究手段,进行茶树组成型和虫害诱导型挥发物的测定和分析。结果表明,邻异丙基苯甲烷、β-罗勒烯、反式-β-罗勒烯、α-法呢烯、γ-萜品烯和3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮为铁观音和肉桂的主要组成型挥发物成分。2个品种在健康茶树挥发物的成分组成和各组分的含量上都存在差异。芳樟醇只在铁观音的健康茶梢中被检测到,而十三（碳）烷、乙酸辛酯、十六烷和雪松醇只在肉桂的健康茶梢上检测到。β-月桂烯、β-罗勒烯、反式-β-罗勒烯和α-法呢烯在铁观音上的含量远远大于肉桂。另一方面,茶树受小绿叶蝉危害一段时间后,铁观音和肉桂在挥发物组成和含量上产生了较大的变化。二者都释放大量的β-月桂烯、β-罗勒烯、反式-β-罗勒烯、α-法呢烯和芳樟醇,在危害4 h和8 h的挥发物测定中,2个品种的这些成分较危害前的增加量从1.49倍到41.22倍。此外,茶小绿叶蝉的危害还诱导了新的挥发物的产生,包括(Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯、癸醛、吲哚、己酸-3-己烯酯和苯乙醇。(Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯、癸醛、吲哚、己酸-3-己烯酯、苯乙醇、β-月桂烯、β-罗勒烯、反式- β-罗勒烯、α-法呢烯和芳樟醇,这10种挥发性物质可能跟茶树的诱导抗性和铁观音的抗虫性有关。 相似文献
2.
信阳毛尖茶芳香成分研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文叙述了茶叶香气成分分类、形成机理和绿茶香气成分提取、分析方法,引出信阳毛尖茶香气成分形成的诸多因素,分析出信阳毛尖特征香气成分主要有:苯乙烯、α-雪松醇、α-蒎烯、δ-杜松烯、甲苯、戊醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、2-乙基己醇、橙花叔醇、反香叶醇、芳樟醇、橙花醇、反式植醇、庚醛、壬醛、苯甲醛、β-环柠檬醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、紫罗酮、5,6-环氧基紫罗酮、Z-茉莉酮、2,2,6-三甲基环己酮、棕榈酸、2-乙基呋喃、己酸顺式-3-己烯酯、2-乙基吡咯等。 相似文献
3.
不同成熟度菠萝果实香气成分分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用菠萝巴厘品种8成熟和9成熟的果实为材料,采用顶空同相微萃取法(HS-SPME)提取其中的香气成分,并经气相色谱,质谱(GC/MS)联机分析.结果显示,在8成熟果实中检测到13种香气成分,其中酯类10种,烯类2种,苯类1种;在酯类中,相对含量最高的是己酸甲酯(50.89%),其次是己酸乙酯(16.11%)、2-甲基丁酸甲酯(8.68%)、辛酸甲酯(5.23%)和辛酸乙酯(2.40%);检测到2种烯类成分,分别为(E)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6辛三烯(5.18%)和à-蒎烯(0.65%);还检测到甲苯(0.32%).在9成熟果实中检测到2类共27种香气成分,分别是酯类17种和烯类10种:在酯类中,相对含量最高的是辛酸甲酯(25.27%),其次是辛酸乙酯(21.00%)、己酸乙酯(17.64%)、己酸甲酯(14.34%);在烯类中相对含量较高的有β-顺式-罗勒烯(1.00%)、à-蒎烯(0.81%)和反式-罗勒烯(O.48%).此外,仅在9成熟果实中检测到菠萝特征香气成分3-甲硫基丙酸甲酯,其相对含量为1.36%.说明9成熟菠萝果实香气成分比8成熟的丰富,且此时特征香气成分形成:如果非远距离运输,9成熟是鲜食菠萝的理想采收成熟度. 相似文献
4.
龙眼采后果皮细胞壁代谢相关酶活性的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以广东主栽龙眼品种“石硖”和“储良”为试材,研究了在3￣4℃贮藏条件下龙眼果皮中细胞壁代谢相关酶活性的变化。结果表明:储良龙眼果皮比石硖的衰老更快、更严重;储良果皮中的果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性比石硖的高,出现上升的时间早;储良果皮中的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、木聚糖酶(Xyl)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)活性也高于石硖的,外切半乳糖醛酸酶(exo-PG)活性开始上升的时间也比石硖的早。 相似文献
5.
新型花茶的香气特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究新型花茶的香气特征及其化学组成,采用感官审评法和超临界CO2萃取法,并结合气相色谱-质谱仪联用技术,对香气特征和精油成分进行了分析鉴定。结果表明,新型花茶的香气具有馥郁高雅、芬芳持久、茶香协调的特征,从其精油中共分离出121个峰,分析鉴定出103种成分,占总面积的99.51%。相对含量较高的8种成分为：邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（8.81%）、大根香叶烯D-4-醇（6.28%）、β-芳樟醇（3.39%）、二十一烷（3.58%）、四甲基环癸二烯甲醇（2.76%）、茉莉酮酸甲酯（2.31%）、库毕醇（2.24%）、二十烷（2.23%）。4-甲基-反式-3-硫杂双环[4.4.0]葵烷、环氧化马兜铃烯、1-氯十八烷、3-十二烷基-2,5-呋喃二酮等成分属首次分离。 相似文献
6.
利用GC/MS技术分析罗勒(Ocimum basilicum L.)、台湾罗勒(Ocimum tashiroi Hayata)和丁香罗勒(Ocimum gratissimum)成龄叶的香气成分。结果表明：3个罗勒品种的叶片中香气成分的种类和含量存在明显差异：罗勒中检出37种香气物质,占其总挥发性物质的91.15%;台湾罗勒中检出21种香气物质,占95.08%;丁香罗勒中有29种,占89.49%。其中,烃类和醇类2类化合物在3种罗勒叶片中分别占挥发物总量的84.39%、78.61%和77.88%。β-蒎烯是3种罗勒共有的主要香气成分,桉树脑、茴香脑和环葑烯则分别是罗勒、台湾罗勒和丁香罗勒的主要香气成分。 相似文献
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《中国茶叶》2021,(6)
采用搅拌棒吸附萃取(SBSE)技术结合气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析了6个代表性紫芽茶中的挥发性成分。结果表明,紫芽茶中具有丰富的挥发性成分,化合物种类和数目高于对照绿茶;芳樟醇、香叶醇、α-松油醇、α-紫罗酮、β-紫罗酮、(E, E)-2, 4-庚二烯醛、水杨酸甲酯、邻甲氨基苯甲酸甲酯、二氢猕猴桃内酯和对乙酰氨基苯酚等化合物是紫芽茶中含量最丰富的香气成分。相对气味活性值(ROAV)分析表明,β-大马士酮、β-紫罗酮、反式-2,4-癸二烯醛、2-己烯醛、α-紫罗酮和芳樟醇等6种香气成分可能是紫芽茶中一些关键的致香成分;另外,1-辛烯-3-醇、二氢猕猴桃内酯、正己醛、正癸醛、β-环高柠檬醛、反式-2-壬醛、正庚醛、β-环柠檬醛和正辛醛等9种成分可能对紫芽茶的整体香气具有重要的修饰作用。 相似文献
10.
香气是影响茶叶品质的重要因子.本试验通过对6个不同茶树品种白牡丹的香气测定,分析白牡丹的主要香气成分以及品种对白茶香气的影响.经SDE提取、GC-MS测定表明,6个茶树品种白牡丹的主要香气成分为芳樟醇及其氧化物(26.92％-51.36％)、4-甲基-2,6二叔丁基苯酚(6.35％-12.92％)、苯乙醛(2.81％-11.74％)、棕榈酸正丁酯(1.83％-3.88％)、十八烷9,12,15-三烯酸甲酯(1.34％-3.09％)、1,2苯二甲酸-2-乙基己酯(1.61％-3.48％)等. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献