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1.
本试验旨在研究不同氮能比饲粮对妊娠环江香猪羊水和尿囊液生化参数的影响。选用首次妊娠环江香猪48头,随机分为2组,每组8个重复(栏),每个重复3头。配种后2组母猪分别饲喂高氮能比饲粮(消化能为14.73 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质含量为13.11%,氮能比为0.89)和低氮能比饲粮(消化能为12.24 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质含量为9.77%,氮能比为0.80),于妊娠第45、75和110天每栏取1头母猪屠宰,收集每窝中最大体重、中间体重和最小体重胎猪对应的羊水和尿囊液,测定生化参数。结果表明:在相同妊娠时间和相同标准体重条件下,与饲喂低氮能比饲粮相比,饲喂高氮能比饲粮可显著增加尿囊液中妊娠75 d最小体重胎猪碱性磷酸酶活性(P0.05),显著降低妊娠75 d中间、最小体重胎猪和妊娠110 d最小体重胎猪谷草转氨酶活性,妊娠45、75 d最大体重胎猪尿酸含量,妊娠45 d中间、最小体重胎猪和妊娠75 d最大体重胎猪肌酸激酶活性(P0.05)。与最小体重胎猪相比,高氮能比饲粮组妊娠45和75 d以及低氮能比饲粮组妊娠45和110 d时最大体重胎猪羊水中白蛋白含量显著增加(P0.05)。随着妊娠时间的延长,2个饲粮组胎猪羊水中尿素和尿酸含量以及尿囊液中尿酸含量逐渐增加。由上可见,高氮能比饲粮可通过调节羊水和尿囊液生化参数促进胎猪的生长发育;与中间和最小体重胎猪相比,最大体重胎猪对蛋白质的利用效率更高。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究不同氮能比饲粮对妊娠环江香猪脐带血管发育相关基因表达的影响。选用首次妊娠的环江香猪48头,根据体重随机分为2组,每组8个重复(栏),每个重复3头猪。配种后分别饲喂高氮能比饲粮[消化能(DE)为14.73 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质(CP)含量为13.11%,氮能比为0.89]和低氮能比饲粮(DE为12.24 MJ/kg,CP含量为9.77%,氮能比为0.80)。分别于妊娠第45、75和110天每栏取1头母猪,处死屠宰,收集每窝中最大体重、平均体重和最小体重胎猪对应的脐带,利用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测血管发育相关基因——成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR2)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(e NOS)的表达量。结果表明:与低氮能比饲粮组相比,高氮能比饲粮显著上调了脐带血管发育相关基因的表达量(P0.05),包括妊娠45 d最大体重胎猪的VEGF和VEGFR2表达量,平均体重胎猪的VEGF表达量;妊娠75 d最大体重胎猪的VEGF、VEGFR2和e NOS表达量,平均体重胎猪的VEGF和e NOS表达量,最小体重胎猪的VEGFR2表达量;妊娠110 d最大体重胎猪的FGF、VEGFR2和e NOS表达量,平均体重胎猪的FGF和VEGFR2表达量,最小体重胎猪的VEGF和e NOS表达量。不同妊娠期相同标准体重、同一妊娠期不同标准体重胎猪的脐带血管发育相关基因的表达量均存在差异。由此可见,高氮能比饲粮可能由于其蛋白质和氨基酸水平较高而显著上调了妊娠环江香猪脐带血管发育相关基因的表达量,不同妊娠期或同一妊娠期不同标准体重胎猪的脐带血管发育相关基因的表达量也存在差异。  相似文献   

3.
为了探究饲粮添加乳酸菌+酵母菌发酵液对母猪繁殖性能、初乳成分和血浆生化指标的影响,试验选用3～7胎次、体况相近的妊娠巴马香猪32头,随机分为2组,每组16头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,益生菌组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加乳酸菌+酵母菌发酵液[200 mL/(d·头)]的试验饲粮。试验期为配种至产后21 d。分娩当天记录母猪产仔数和产活仔数,称取每头仔猪的体重并计算窝重和平均个体重,于7、14和21日龄称取个体重,并计算平均个体重;每组随机选取12头母猪,于产后12 h内采集初乳,测定初乳成分;分别于妊娠45、75和105 d以及分娩后7和21 d,每组随机选取8头母猪,前腔静脉采血,测定血浆繁殖激素含量和生化指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵液后仔猪平均初生个体重显著增加(P0.05);乳糖含量显著增加(P0.05);妊娠75 d时血浆催乳素(PRL)、促黄体素(LH)、孕酮(PROG)和雌二醇(E2)含量显著降低(P0.05),血浆甘油三酯(TG)含量显著增加(P0.05);妊娠105 d时血浆TG和总胆固醇(TC)含量显著增加(P0.05);分娩后7 d时血浆TP含量显著降低(P0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)活性和TG含量显著增加(P0.05);分娩后21 d时血浆TC、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著增加(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加乳酸菌+酵母菌发酵液可影响血浆生化指标和繁殖激素含量,改善机体对营养物质的吸收利用,利于母猪繁殖性能的提高。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在研究脯氨酸代谢对妊娠环江香猪繁殖性能的影响,并探讨其可能的生理生化机制。选取48头后备环江母猪,配种15 d后随机分成3组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头猪。各组分别饲喂添加0.77%L-丙氨酸(丙氨酸组)、1%L-脯氨酸(脯氨酸组)、0.77%L-丙氨酸+0.016 7%二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DFMO)(DFMO组)的试验饲粮。分别于配种第45和70天,每重复随机取1头母猪,放血处死,收集血液,用于生化参数分析;解剖母猪,记录黄体数、胎儿数和胎儿重。结果表明:妊娠第70天时,脯氨酸组窝重显著高于丙氨酸组(P0.05);妊娠第45天时,脯氨酸组血浆谷丙转氨酶活性以及白蛋白浓度均显著低于丙氨酸组(P0.05)。妊娠第70天与第45天相比,脯氨酸组血浆总胆固醇浓度、DFMO组血浆高密度脂蛋白和白蛋白浓度均显著降低(P0.05)。其余指标各组间均无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加脯氨酸可能通过改善机体氮代谢和脂肪代谢而促进妊娠环江香猪胎儿的生长发育。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加脯氨酸对妊娠环江香猪体成分的影响。选取32头妊娠15 d的环江香猪,随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头猪。2组试验猪分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.77%L-丙氨酸(等氮对照组)和1.00%L-脯氨酸(脯氨酸组)的饲粮。分别于妊娠第45和70天时,每个重复选择1头母猪屠宰,测定其体成分。结果表明:与等氮对照组相比,妊娠第45天时脯氨酸组环江香猪的脂肪率显著降低(P0.05),皮肤率呈增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10);妊娠第70天时脯氨酸组的脂肪率显著增加(P0.05),皮肤率呈降低趋势(0.05≤P0.10),背最长肌中脯氨酸的含量显著增加(P0.05),精氨酸和丙氨酸的含量呈增加趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。与妊娠第45天时相比,妊娠第70天时脯氨酸组的脂肪率显著增加(P0.05),瘦肉率与皮肤率显著降低(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加脯氨酸可增加妊娠环江香猪机体脂肪和精氨酸的沉积量,妊娠中期的机体脂肪沉积量比妊娠前期有所增加,从而有利于胎儿的生长发育。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加甜菜碱对巴马香猪繁殖性能、初乳成分及血浆代谢物和繁殖激素含量的影响。选取3~7胎次巴马香猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头,单栏饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加3.5 kg/t甜菜碱盐酸盐。试验期为母猪配种后第3天至分娩后第21天。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加甜菜碱显著降低仔猪死亡率(P<0.05),增加断奶仔猪数(P=0.087);饲粮添加甜菜碱显著增加初乳中乳蛋白和尿素氮含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加甜菜碱显著降低妊娠第75天血浆总蛋白(TP)含量(P<0.05),显著降低妊娠第105天血浆TP含量和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性(P<0.05),显著增加妊娠第75天血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及产后第7天血浆AST和ALP活性(P<0.05),且妊娠第105天血浆ALP活性呈增加趋势(P=0.073);饲粮添加甜菜碱显著降低妊娠第45天血浆催乳素(PRL)、孕酮(PROG)、促卵泡素(FSH)和雌二醇(E2)含量以及妊娠第75天血浆PRL和PROG含量(P<0.05),且妊娠第75天血浆E2含量(P=0.061)和妊娠第105天血浆FSH含量(P=0.062)呈下降趋势。综上所述,饲粮添加甜菜碱可改善初乳成分和血浆代谢物含量,降低血浆繁殖激素含量,进而增加断奶仔猪数。  相似文献   

7.
采用单因子试验设计,研究了不同饲养水平对初产母猪妊娠期各阶段日增重、饲料利用效率和行为的影响。选择血缘、年龄、体重(98.73kg)相近的长白×梅山小母猪21头,用同一头长白种公猪以自然交配方式配种,配种后随机分为4个处理(高、NRC、中、低营养水平),每个处理6头母猪(高水平3头)。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型(妊娠期饲粮含DE13.39MJ/kg,CP13.70%),各处理组母猪妊娠期按规定喂量饲喂,妊娠前期分别饲以2.0、1.2、1.0、0.6倍的维持能量需要,妊娠中期和后期分别在妊娠前期基础上提高20%和50%。结果表明,⑴低营养水平母猪出现流产、早产和延迟产期的现象,妊娠天数变异较大(112d±13d),其它各水平母猪均能正常分娩,妊娠天数较一致;⑵随饲养水平提高,妊娠各期母猪日增重提高,高水平饲养可提高母猪妊娠各期的日增重和饲料利用效率;⑶低水平饲养不能满足妊娠母猪的营养需要,降低母猪妊娠各期的增重速度和饲料利用效率;⑷母猪的安静程度随饲养水平提高而提高,低水平饲养导致刻板行为的发生,明显增加母猪的活动量和活动次数;⑸妊娠各期的排粪量和排粪次数随饲养水平提高而增加,且粪便颜色逐渐变浅,粪便逐渐变得湿软;⑹妊娠各期的排尿量和排尿次数随饲养水平的升高而降低,且尿颜色逐渐加深,由低水平的接近无色变为中水  相似文献   

8.
妊娠期饲喂水平对初产母猪繁殖性能和胎盘效率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用单因子试验设计,研究了妊娠期不同饲喂水平对初产母猪繁殖性能和胎盘效率的影响。选择血缘、年龄、体重相近(98.7±5.8)kg的长白×梅山小母猪21头,配种后随机分为4个处理(高、NRC、中、低营养水平),除高水平3个重复外,每个水平6个重复,每个重复1头母猪。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型日粮(13.4MJDE/kg,13.5%CP),各处理组试验母猪妊娠期按规定喂量饲喂,妊娠前期分别饲以2.0、1.2、1.0、0.6倍的维持能量需要,妊娠中期和后期分别在妊娠前期基础上提高采食量20%和50%。结果表明:妊娠期不同饲喂水平影响初产母猪的繁殖性能,通过改善母猪的妊娠期营养可提高仔猪初生重、断奶重及断奶成活率,NRC水平饲喂最有利于提高初产母猪的繁殖性能;妊娠期不同饲喂水平对初产母猪的胎盘效率无显著影响,胎盘效率提高有增加窝产仔数,提高仔猪均匀度和成活率的趋势。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究发酵中药渣对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响,并通过测定血浆生化参数和抗氧化指标探讨其作用机制。试验选用3~5胎次、体况和预产期相近的长白×大白二元母猪75头,随机分为3组,每组25头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,中药渣组和发酵中药渣组分别在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t的中药渣和发酵中药渣。试验周期为整个妊娠期,统计返情、空怀和流产的母猪数,窝产仔数、产活仔数以及仔猪初生窝重和初生个体重。分别于母猪妊娠第45天、第75天和第114天(分娩当天),每组随机选取8头母猪,耳缘静脉采血,分离血浆,测定生化参数和抗氧化指标。结果表明:饲粮添加中药渣或发酵中药渣对母猪的繁殖性能无显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,妊娠第114天时,发酵中药渣组的血浆总蛋白(TP)含量显著升高(P0.05),中药渣组和发酵中药渣组的血浆高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著升高(P0.05);妊娠第45天时,中药渣组和发酵中药渣组的血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P0.05),同时血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加1.5 kg/t发酵中药渣不影响妊娠母猪的繁殖性能,但可在一定程度上改善机体代谢,增强抗氧化功能。  相似文献   

10.
采取单因子随机区组试验设计,将30头滇陆后备母猪随机分为3组,每组10头,单栏限位饲养,在妊娠前期(配种至85 d)、妊娠后期(85～112 d)和哺乳期3个阶段分别饲以3种不同能量(DE)水平的饲粮.试验结果表明,滇陆初产母猪适宜饲粮消化能为:妊娠前期12.01 MJ/kg(24.02MJ/d);妊娠后期12.17 MJ/kg(30.43MJ/d);哺乳期14.14MJ/kg(49.49 MJ/d).为滇陆初产母猪提供以上能量水平的饲粮时,其繁殖性能较好,经济效益较高;而在此基础上能量改变(±0.837MJ/kg),其繁殖性能和经济效益均下降.  相似文献   

11.
A 2 X 3 factorial split-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary protein on the performance and calculated body compositions of 45 first-litter sows using the D2O dilution technique at various reproductive stages. Animals were initially fed 1.82 kg daily of a 14% protein diet to 14 d post-coitum. Subsequently, two gestation protein levels (5 or 14%) were daily fed at 1.82 kg from 15 d postcoitum to parturition with three dietary lactation protein levels (5, 14 or 23%) fed from parturition to 28 d postpartum. Maternal body compositions were determined at 17, 35, 70, 85 and 105 d postcoitum and 7, 14 and 28 d postpartum using prediction equations reported previously. Gravid sows demonstrated higher maternal tissue accretion of all body chemical components from 14 to 70 d than from 70 to 105 d postcoitum. Sows fed the 5% protein gestation diet had more maternal fat but less protein accretion than those fed the 14% protein at each measurement interval. During the last trimester, those sows fed the 5% protein diet catabolized body protein reserves. Gravid sows fed the 14% protein gestation diet catabolized more maternal protein and water between 105 d postcoitum and 7 d postpartum than those fed the 5% protein diet. Litter and pig birth weights were lower and postpartum mortality higher for sows fed the 5% rather than the 14% protein gestation diet. Sows fed the 5% protein lactation diet mobilized more maternal tissue, particularly fat, between 7 and 28 d postpartum than those fed 14 or 23% protein lactation diets. These results suggest that labile maternal body protein reserves are used by gravid and nursing dams to fulfill reproductive needs and that dietary protein sequence affects the dam's performance and body composition.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of feeding sows a starch diet or a diet with a high level of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) during gestation, lactation, or both gestation and lactation during the first three parities on reproductive performance, body weight, and backfat was studied. Four-hundred and forty-four postpuberal gilts were allotted to a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment. Treatments were diet composition during gestation (including the weaning-to-estrus interval; G-Starch: 274 g/kg of starch and 123 g/kg of fermentable NSP or G-NSP: 86 g/kg of starch and 300 g/kg of fermentable NSP), diet composition during lactation (L-Starch: 293 g/kg of starch and 113 g/kg of fermentable NSP or L-NSP: 189 g/kg of starch and 216 g/kg of fermentable NSP) and group-housing system during gestation (free access stalls or electronic feeding). Both gestation diets were formulated to be isoenergetic. During lactation, sows were given free access to the lactation diets from d 6 after parturition onwards. Body weight and backfat gains during gestation were lower in sows fed the G-NSP diet than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.001). The effects were more pronounced in the electronic feeding system than in the free access stalls. These results indicate an overestimation of the energy value of fermentable NSP. Body weight and backfat losses during lactation were less in sows fed the G-NSP diet during gestation than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.05),which can be explained by a 0.4 kg/d higher (P < 0.001) feed intake during lactation of the sows fed the G-NSP diet. Sows fed the L-NSP diet lost more backfat during lactation than sows fed the L-starch diet (P < 0.05). The number of total piglets born and live-born piglets was 0.5 piglet higher in sows fed the G-NSP diet than in those fed the G-starch diet (P < 0.05). Lactation diet did not affect the number of total piglets born or live-born piglets. This study shows that, although high NSP diets negatively influence body weight and backfat thickness of the sows, it is possible to feed sows a diet with a high level of fermentable NSP diet during both gestation and lactation without negative effects on reproductive performance. Under the conditions of this study, feeding sows a diet with a high level of fermentable NSP during gestation and a high level of starch during lactation seems the most favorable feeding strategy.  相似文献   

13.
A cooperative regional research study using 194 sows, from which data were collected from 381 litters, was conducted at 3 research stations to determine the effects of added psyllium (a concentrated fiber source) or soybean hulls to gestation diets on reproductive performance of sows and preweaning performance of their pigs. Primiparous and multiparous sows were allotted to the 3 treatments of control (corn and soybean meal-based), 0.30% psyllium, or 20% soybean hulls. Sows fed the control and 0.30% psyllium diets were provided 1.82 kg/d, and sows fed the 20% soybean hulls diet were provided 2.0 kg/d to equalize ME, Lys, Ca, P, and vitamin and trace mineral intake. Treatments 1 to 3 had 130, 130, and 121 litters per treatment from 64, 64, and 63 sows, respectively. Gestating sows fed psyllium had a greater (P < 0.01 to 0.10) d 110 gestation, farrowing, weaning, and 17 d postpartum BW and gestation ADG compared with sows fed soybean hulls. Sows fed psyllium also had a greater (P < 0.10 and 0.08) d 110 gestation BW and gestation ADG than the control sows. Sows fed soybean hulls had a reduced (P < 0.06) farrowing BW compared with the control sows. Sows fed psyllium weaned lighter (P < 0.09) pigs than sows fed the control diet. Litter size was not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. Sows fed psyllium had a reduced (P < 0.03) feed intake compared with sows fed soybean hulls for d 5 to 7 postpartum, and sows fed the control diet were intermediate. Fecal scores (1 to 5 with 1 = dry and 5 = watery) were greater (P < 0.001) and DM content was less (P < 0.001 to 0.01) in the feces of sows fed soybean hulls compared with sows fed psyllium or the control diet on d 112 of gestation and d 4 postpartum. Fecal scores were greater (P < 0.10) and fecal DM content was less (P < 0.02) in sows fed psyllium compared with sows fed the control diet only on d 4 postpartum. In summary, sows fed soybean hulls during gestation had reduced BW compared with sows fed the control diets. In contrast, sows fed psyllium had an increased BW.  相似文献   

14.
Ninety-one primiparous and multiparous sows and their pigs were used to evaluate the effects of a novel carbohydrate- and protein-based feed ingredient (Nutri-Pal, NP) on sow and litter performance during lactation. Nutri-Pal is a feed supplement for sows that consists of a blend of milk chocolate, brewer's yeast, whey products, and glucooligosaccharides. The dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal control and a corn-soybean meal plus 5% NP fed from d 110 of gestation to weaning. The diets were formulated to be equal in total Lys and ME. Sows were allotted to treatment based on parity, body weight, and the date of d 110 of gestation. There were 46 and 45 sows per treatment over four farrowing groups. Litters were standardized to 10 pigs and weighed within 1 d of farrowing, and all sows weaned at least 8 pigs at an average age of 21 d. Sows were weighed on d 110 of gestation, d 1 postfarrowing, and at weaning. Sows were fed three times daily during lactation. Sows were checked twice daily after weaning for signs of estrus. The weaning weight of sows fed NP was increased (P < 0.10) compared with those fed the control diet. Sows fed the control diet tended (P = 0.11) to lose more weight per day from d 110 of gestation to weaning than the sows fed NP. Otherwise, sow response variables (sow weight on d 110 of gestation and d 1 postfarrowing, d 110 of gestation to d 1 postfarrowing and lactation weight change per day, d 110 of gestation to d 1 postfarrowing, lactation, and total feed intake, days to estrus, pigs born alive or dead, and litter and average pig birth weight) were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. There were no effects (P > 0.10) of diet on litter performance response variables (pigs weaned, litter and average pig weaning weight and gain, and survival percent). The NP feed ingredient had minor effects on sow productivity, but it did not affect litter productivity indices.  相似文献   

15.
To investigate the effects of supplemental Se on the transfer of Se to nursing pigs when sows are fed diets containing a Se level above the NRC recommendation (0.15 ppm), sows were fed diets containing no supplemental Se or supplemental (0.3 ppm) Se from sodium selenite or Se yeast. A nonSe-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet with a high endogenous Se content served as the negative control (0.20 to 0.23 ppm Se). Fifty-two sows were fed diets from 60 d prepartum until 14 d of lactation. Six sows per treatment were bled at 60 and 30 d prepartum, at farrowing, and at 14 d postpartum to measure serum Se concentrations. Colostrum was collected within 12 h postpartum, and milk was collected at 14 d of lactation. Blood was obtained from 3 pigs each from 12 litters per treatment at birth and at weaning (d 14), and pooled serum was analyzed for Se and immunoglobulin G concentrations and glutathione peroxidase activity. Regardless of treatment, serum Se in sows declined throughout gestation and gradually increased during lactation. Sows fed Se yeast tended (P < 0.06) to have greater serum Se at farrowing than sows fed unsupplemented diets. Colostrum and milk (d 14) Se concentrations increased (P < 0.01) when sows were fed Se from yeast but not from sodium selenite. At birth, serum Se was increased (P < 0.01) for pigs whose dams were fed Se yeast compared with pigs from sows fed the basal diet. At 14 d of age, there was no difference in serum Se concentration of pigs from dams fed any of the treatments. Pig serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and glutathione peroxidase-1 activity were unaffected by dietary Se source. Supplementation of gestating and lactating sow diets with Se (0.3 ppm) from an organic or inorganic source reduced the number of stillbirths per litter. However, only pigs born to sows fed organic Se (Se yeast) had greater serum Se at birth. Organic Se increased Se concentration of colostrum and 14-d milk to a greater degree than inorganic Se.  相似文献   

16.
A cooperative study using 215 sows during two parities (349 litters) was conducted at six stations to determine the effect of raw soybeans in gestation and lactation diets on sow and litter performance. Sows were bred and allotted to fortified corn diets containing either soybean meal (control) or raw soybeans. A corn-soybean meal-soybean oil diet, isocaloric to the raw soybean diet, was included as a third treatment at three stations. All diets contained 14% CP. These diets were fed during both gestation and lactation through two parities. The daily gestation feed intake ranged from 1.8 to 2.3 kg/sow, depending on station. During lactation, the sows were allowed ad libitum access to their respective diets. Gestational weight gain was not influenced by diet, but sows fed raw soybeans consumed less (P less than .01) feed during lactation and had greater (P less than .01) lactational weight loss and their pigs were lighter in weight (P less than .05) both at 21 d and at weaning (varied between 3 and 5 wk of age). Sows fed the diet with supplemental oil had reproductive and lactational performance similar to those fed the control diet. Milk obtained at d 10 to 14 of lactation from sows fed raw soybeans had lower (P less than .05) protein content than milk from sows fed the other two diets, but fat content of the milk tended to be increased by raw soybeans or by added soybean oil. Return to estrus was not affected by diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that hybrid rye can replace a part of the corn in gestation and lactation diets without negatively affecting sow and litter performance. For each phase, a corn–soybean meal diet and three diets in which hybrid rye replaced 25%, 50%, or 75% of corn were formulated. Two hundred sows were randomly allotted by parity to the four treatments. Results indicated that diet did not affect body weight or average daily gain (ADG) of sows or number of pigs born. The number of pigs weaned, litter weaning weight, and litter ADG increased and then decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as hybrid rye in diets increased. Pig mortality and number of crushed pigs tended (quadratic, P < 0.10) to be reduced as hybrid rye was added to the diet. Serum cytokines did not differ among treatments on day 105 of gestation or in pigs on the day of weaning, but interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-18 on day 13 of lactation increased and then decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as hybrid rye inclusion increased in diets. Milk urea N increased (linear, P < 0.05) as hybrid rye was included in the diet, but no other differences in milk composition were observed. Overall, replacing 25% or 50% of corn with hybrid rye resulted in improved lactation performance, and replacing 75% of corn with hybrid rye resulted in sow and litter performance that was not different from that of sows fed control diets.  相似文献   

18.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fibre on reproductive performance during the first two parities. Gilts were randomly allocated to receive three fibrous diets from days 1-90 of gestation, including low fibre [low fiber (LF), 10.8% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), n=132], middle fibre [middle fiber (MF), 15.8% NDF, n=132] and high fibre diet (HF, 20.8% NDF, n=135), until completion of the second parity. Response criteria included backfat measurements, litter size and pig weight at parturition and day 22 of lactation, weaning-oestrus-interval, oestrus rate, sow farrowing and culling rate, uniformity of newborns and relative organ weights. The results showed sows fed LF diet in parity 1 gained more backfat (p<0.05) during gestation but lost more (p<0.05) during lactation than sows fed HF diet. Furthermore, sows fed LF diet farrowed more pigs (+0.7-1.1 pigs, p<0.05) and pigs born alive (+1.0 pigs, p<0.05) relative to sows fed HF diet. Likewise, sows fed LF and MF diets had greater litter weights at parturition (both p=0.06) and day 22 after lactation (both p<0.05). In parity 2, yet, it was MF diet to increase both total pigs born and pigs born alive (+0.9-1.1 pigs, p<0.05) and litter weight (p=0.05) relative to other diets. After 22 d of lactation, intriguingly, sows fed HF diet had most pigs alive (p<0.01-0.07) and heavier litter weight (p=0.07 or 0.2). Feeding HF diet also increased internal organs weight of newborns (p<0.05). Collectively, feeding LF and MF diets had beneficial effects on litter weight at parturition and day 22 of lactation in parity 1, and feeding MF diet until parity 2 was able to improve litter size and weight at parturition, but this positive effect disappeared after 22 days of lactation, instead feeding HF diet showed the optimal litter performance.  相似文献   

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