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1.
Analysis of the interlayer infrared conductivity of cuprate high-transition temperature superconductors reveals an anomalously large energy scale extending up to midinfrared frequencies that can be attributed to formation of the superconducting condensate. This unusual effect is observed in a va- riety of materials, including Tl2Ba2CuO6+x, La2-xSrxCuO4, and YBa2Cu3O6.6, which show an incoherent interlayer response in the normal state. Midinfrared range condensation was examined in the context of sum rules that can be formulated for the complex conductivity. One possible interpretation of these experiments is in terms of a kinetic energy change associated with the superconducting transition.  相似文献   

2.
The electrical properties of organic molecular crystals, such as polyacenes or C60, can be tuned from insulating to superconducting by application of an electric field. By structuring the gate electrode of such a field-effect switch, the charge carrier density, and therefore also the superfluid density, can be modulated. Hence, weak links that behave like Josephson junctions can be fabricated between two superconducting regions. The coupling between the superconducting regions can be tuned and controlled over a wide range by the applied gate bias. Such devices might be used in superconducting circuits, and they are a useful scientific tool to study superconducting material parameters, such as the superconducting gap, as a function of carrier concentration or transition temperature.  相似文献   

3.
Detailed data on the momentum-resolved temperature dependence of the superconducting gap of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+x) are presented, complemented by similar data on the intensity of the photoemission superconducting condensate spectral area. The gap anisotropy between the Gamma-Mand Gamma-X directions increases markedly with increasing temperature, contrary to what happens for conventional anisotropic-gap superconductors, such as lead. Specifically, the size of the superconducting gap along the Gamma-X direction decreases to values indistinguishable from zero at temperatures for which the gap retains virtually full value along the Gamma-M direction. These data rule out the simplest type of d-wave order parameter.  相似文献   

4.
Changes in the copper K-edge x-ray absorption spectrum of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) across the critical temperature indicate that, accompanying the superconducting transition, the mean square relative displacement of some fraction of the Cu2-O4 bonds becomes smaller or more harmonic (or both), that there may be a slight increase in the associated Cul-O4 distance, and that electronic states involving these atom pairs become more atomic-like. If there is an association between the superconductivity and this lattice instability, then the bridging axial oxygen is of central importnce in determining the high tranition temperature of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7). Because this structural perturbation will affect the dynamic polrizability of the copper oxygen sublattice, it is consistent with an excitonic pairing mhanism in these materials.  相似文献   

5.
The various isotope effects on the superconducting transition temperature of Mo(2)B and W(2)B have been measured. Together with resistivity data they indicate that the d-shell forms a highly stable electron configuration for molybdenum and tungsten. This leads to an understanding of high superconducting transition temperatures.  相似文献   

6.
One of the most intriguing features of some high-temperature cuprate superconductors is the interplay between one-dimensional "striped" spin order and charge order, and superconductivity. We used mid-infrared femtosecond pulses to transform one such stripe-ordered compound, nonsuperconducting La(1.675)Eu(0.2)Sr(0.125)CuO(4), into a transient three-dimensional superconductor. The emergence of coherent interlayer transport was evidenced by the prompt appearance of a Josephson plasma resonance in the c-axis optical properties. An upper limit for the time scale needed to form the superconducting phase is estimated to be 1 to 2 picoseconds, which is significantly faster than expected. This places stringent new constraints on our understanding of stripe order and its relation to superconductivity.  相似文献   

7.
We report that the doping and temperature dependence of photoemission spectra near the Brillouin zone boundary of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta)exhibit unexpected sensitivity to the superfluid density. In the superconducting state, the photoemission peak intensity as a function of doping scales with the superfluid density and the condensation energy. As a function of temperature, the peak intensity shows an abrupt behavior near the superconducting phase transition temperature where phase coherence sets in, rather than near the temperature where the gap opens. This anomalous manifestation of collective effects in single-particle spectroscopy raises important questions concerning the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.  相似文献   

8.
Analysis of the many experiments on high-temperature superconductivity indicate several essential aspects of any theory. The conductivity and other transport properties as a function of disorder, temperature, and frequency point to a non-Fermi liquid-like behavior, whereas photoemission experiments and magnetic properties indicate the presence of a Fermi surface in momentum space. To reconcile this apparent contradiction, a new type of electron liquid, called a Luttinger liquid, has been postulated, and the present article aims to show the need for this postulate. Theory and experiment indicate that the suitable phenomenological electronic structure model of the CuO layers is that of the one-band Hubbard model. It is also argued that experiment clearly indicates that interlayer interactions strongly affect the superconducting transition temperature, T(c), consistent with the fact that no theoretical calculations on two-dimensional Hubbard models have resulted in the prediction of high transition temperatures, and that anyon models are not favored by experiment.  相似文献   

9.
【目的】研究不同厚度秸秆隔层对盐碱地食葵农田土壤温度、水分动态变化及产量的影响,为河套灌区筛选适宜盐碱地食葵生长的合理厚度秸秆隔层措施提供依据。【方法】2015—2017年在内蒙古河套地区典型盐碱农田设置了4个不同厚度的秸秆隔层,分别为CK（无秸秆隔层）、S3（厚度3 cm秸秆隔层）、S5（厚度5 cm秸秆隔层）和S7（厚度7 cm秸秆隔层）,研究不同厚度秸秆隔层对食葵生育期土壤温度、水分动态变化特征和食葵产量的影响。【结果】秸秆隔层处理（S3、S5和S7）显著提高了食葵全生育期0—40 cm土层温度,其中2015—2017年在食葵苗期分别较CK处理显著增加了0.7、0.6、0.5℃（P<0.05）,但其增温幅度随秸秆埋设时长的增加逐渐减小,花期秸秆隔层处理间差异显著,其中S5、S7处理3年平均分别较CK处理提高了0.4、0.6℃（P<0.05）;40—50 cm土层的秸秆隔层处理在食葵苗期、蕾期表现出增温趋势,在生长后期表现出降温趋势。不同处理下向日葵全生育期土壤温度整体上均随土层加深而降低,且土壤温度和大气温度间均具有极显著的正相关关系,3年内R2值的分布范围为0.628—0.735,秸秆隔层处理增强了土壤温度对大气温度的敏感程度,且土壤温度对大气温度的响应随秸秆埋设时长的增加而减弱。不同秸秆隔层处理与不同灌水时期间交互作用对土壤含水量有显著影响（P<0.05）,秸秆隔层处理能够降低灌溉前、收获后0—40 cm土层平均土壤含水量,其中S7处理降幅最大,3年平均分别较CK处理降低了7.9%、5.4%（P<0.05）;但在灌溉后S3、S5和S7处理平均土壤含水量3年分别较CK处理提高了2.3%、3.4%、3.6%（P<0.05）。秸秆隔层处理能够促进食葵生长,增加食葵产量,提高灌溉水生产率和水分利用效率,其中以5、7 cm厚度秸秆隔层处理增幅最大,但两处理间无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】不同厚度秸秆隔层均能够提高食葵生育期0—40 cm土层温度,温度增幅随秸秆埋设时长的增加而减小,在花期各处理间差异较显著,并且秸秆隔层处理能够提高灌后0—40 cm土层平均土壤含水量,为食葵提供适宜的生长环境,综合考虑3年土壤温度、作物水分利用效率等,5 cm厚度秸秆隔层处理最适宜在内蒙古河套灌区推广应用。  相似文献   

10.
The x-ray diffraction of the nonsuperconducting ternary fulleride Li(2)CsC(60) reveals at room temperature a face-centered-cubic (Fm3m) disordered structure that persists to a temperature of 13 Kelvin. The crystal structure is best modeled as containing quasispherical [radius of 3.556(4) angstroms] C(60)(3-) ions, in sharp contrast to their orientational state in superconducting face-centered-cubic K(3)C(60) (merohedral disorder) and primitive cubic Na(2)CsC(60) (orientational order). The orientational disorder of the carbon atoms on the C(60)(3-) sphere was analyzed with symmetry-adapted spherical-harmonic functions. Excess atomic density is evident in the <111> directions, indicating strong bonding Li(+)-C interactions, not encountered before in any of the superconducting alkali fullerides. The intercalate-carbon interactions and the orientational state of the fullerenes have evidently affected the superconducting pair-binding mechanism in this material.  相似文献   

11.
The high-transition-temperature superconducting ceramic material YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) (0< x < 0.5) has been examined by field ion microscopy. Specimens from nominally superconducting and nonsuperconducting samples(determined by magnetic susceptibility measurements) were studied by field ion microscopy and significant differences were found. Preferential imaging of atomic or molecular layers, due to preferential field evaporation, field ionization, or both, was found in the superconducting phase below the transition temperature and is interpreted as possible evidence for the occurrence of relatively highly conducting layers in the YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7-x) unit cell perpendicular to the orthorhombic c-axis. Similar results were obtained for YbBa(2)Cu(3)(7-x).  相似文献   

12.
High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of the electron-doped high-temperature superconductor Nd(2-x)Ce(x)CuO4 (x = 0.15, transition temperature T(c) = 22 K) has found the quasiparticle signature as well as the anisotropic d(x2-y2)-like superconducting gap. The spectral line shape at the superconducting state shows a strong anisotropic nature of the many-body interaction. The result suggests that the electron-hole symmetry is present in the high-temperature superconductors.  相似文献   

13.
以环境友好的亚临界1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R134a)作为反应介质,用磷脂酶D催化卵磷脂(PC)的酰基转移反应制备磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)。探讨了压力、温度、水分、酶量、底物对酶促反应的影响。结果表明,磷脂酶D在亚临界R134a中(303～323 K、2～8MPa)表现出较高的催化活性。与传统的有机溶剂反应体系相比,亚临界R134a体系能够改善酶促反应动力学,即需要较少的酶量即可迅速达到较高的转化率;在亚临界R134a体系压力6 MPa、体系温度313 K的条件下,9.6 U磷脂酶D催化反应240 min,磷脂酰丝氨酸的含量达到84.88%。  相似文献   

14.
We studied the pressure and temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of the superconducting compound magnesium diboride (MgB(2)). The superconducting transition temperature decreases monotonically with pressure, being parabolic or linear, depending on samples. The rate of decrease under pressure is higher than in conventional superconductors. We discuss our results in terms of the semimetallic character of the electronic band structure of MgB(2).  相似文献   

15.
Multistage intercalation has been used to tune the interaction between adjacent blocks of CuO(2) sheets in the bigh-T(c) (high superconducting transition temperature) superconductor Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)Ox. As revealed by atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, foreign iodine atoms are intercalated into every nth BiO bilayer of the host crystal, resulting in structures of stoichiometry IBi2nSr2nCanCu2nOx with stage index n up to 4. An expansion of 3.6 angstroms for each intercalated BiO bilayer decouples the CuO(2) sheets in adjacent blocks. A comparison of the superconducting transition temperatures of the pristine host material and intercalated compounds of different stages suggests that the coupling between each pair of adjacent blocks contributes approximately 5 K to T(c) in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)Ox.  相似文献   

16.
A superconducting transition with an onset temperature of 52.5 K has been observed under hydrostatic pressure in compounds with nominal compositions given by (La(0.9)Ba(0.1))(2) CuO4-Y. Possible causes for the high-temperature superconductivity are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Copper K-edge x-ray absorption data indicate that an axial oxygen-centered lattice instability accompanying the 93 K superconducting transition in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) is of a pseudo-(anti)ferroelectric type, in that it appears to involve the softening of a double potential well into a structure in which the difference between the two copper-oxygen distances and the barrier height have both decreased. This softer structure is present only at temperatures within a fluctuation region around the transition. A similar process involving the analogous axial oxygen atom also accompanies the superconducting transition in T1Ba(2)Ca(3)Cu(4)O(11), where the superconducting transition temperature T(c) is ~120 K. The mean square relative displacement of this oxygen atom in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) is also specifically affected by a reduction in the oxygen content and by the substitution of cobalt for copper, providing further evidence for the sensitivity of the displacement to additional factors that also influence the superconductivity. On the basis of the implied coupling of this ionic motion to the superconductivity, a scenario for high-temperature superconductivity is presented in which both phonon and electronic (charge transfer) channels are synergistically involved.  相似文献   

18.
The temperature-dependent redistribution of the spectral weight of the CuO2 plane-derived conduction band of the YBa2Cu3O6.9 high-temperature superconductor (superconducting transition temperature = 92.7 kelvin) was studied with wide-band (0.01- to 5.6-electron volt) spectroscopic ellipsometry. A superconductivity-induced transfer of the spectral weight involving a high-energy scale in excess of 1 electron volt was observed. Correspondingly, the charge carrier spectral weight was shown to decrease in the superconducting state. The ellipsometric data also provide detailed information about the evolution of the optical self-energy in the normal and superconducting states.  相似文献   

19.
An unresolved issue concerning cuprate superconductors is whether the distribution of carriers in the CuO2 plane is uniform or inhomogeneous. Because the carriers comprise a small fraction of the total charge density and may be rapidly fluctuating, modulations are difficult to detect directly. We demonstrate that in anomalous x-ray scattering at the oxygen K edge of the cuprates, the contribution of carriers to the scattering amplitude is selectively magnified 82 times. This enhances diffraction from the doped holes by more than 10(3), permitting direct structural analysis of the superconducting ground state. Scattering from thin films of La2CuO4+delta (superconducting transition temperature = 39 K) at temperature = 50 +/- 5 kelvin on the reciprocal space intervals (0,0,0.21) --> (0,0,1.21) and (0,0,0.6) --> (0.3,0,0.6) shows a rounding of the carrier density near the substrate suggestive of a depletion zone or similar effect. The structure factor for off-specular scattering was less than 3 x 10(-7) electrons, suggesting an absence of in-plane hole ordering in this material.  相似文献   

20.
Exploration of the generality of the recently discovered reaction whereby certain organic molecules can be inserted between the metallic layers of the superconductors tantalum disulfide and niobium disulfide revealed that a large variety of organic and inorganic molecules can penetrate between the crystalline layers of a number of transition metal dichalcogenides and that the resulting complexes are superconducting if the layered chalcogenide from which they are formed is superconducting. The critical temperatures of the 50 new superconductors we report depend on the nature of the intercalate but are insensitive to a separation of the superconducting planes of up to 57 angstroms.  相似文献   

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