共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
水稻亲本遗传分化程度与籼粳杂种优势的关系 总被引：46，自引：2，他引：44
本文利用两套材料,即来自一个籼／粳交（圭６３０／０２４２８）的双单倍体（ＤＨ）系和另一组由多种类型的籼、粳组成的对照组,从分子水平上研究了水稻亲本的遗传分化程度。在此基础上探讨了亲本的遗传分化程度与籼粳杂种优势的关系。两套测交Ｆ１群体的结果一致表明,亲本遗传分化程度对穗数和千粒重的影响相对较小,但是对每穗结实粒数和结实率这两项体现育性的指标影响较大。当亲本遗传分化综合指数ＴＤｊ值为２０￣２５时,育 相似文献
2.
3.
云南水稻品种的亲和性分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
将１０１个云南水稻品种分别与３个籼型和３个粳型测验品种杂交，考察了各组合Ｆ１的小穗育性。同时对各被测品种的６种形态性状的分化按程氏指数法进行调查，分析了云南稻品种亲和性分化与形态性状分化之间的关系。根据测交Ｆ１小穗育性的高低，参照籼粳测验品种之间Ｆ１的育性水平，可将被测品种的亲和性分成灿型、粳型、中间型、广亲和型和特殊亲和性５个类群。各类群所含品种数分别为４７个、２１个、１６个、６个和５个，另有６ 相似文献
4.
海拔及细胞质背景对水稻分离群体Rf-1位点基因型频率的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
水稻的演化及水稻细胞质雄性不育育性恢复基因的种质分布与地理分布关系密切。Rf-1是水稻克隆唯一的育性恢复基因。为研究海拔和籼粳细胞质因素对水稻分离群体的Rf-1位点基因型频率的效应,本研究用两个云南高海拔地方粳稻品种与具籼稻细胞质和恢复基因的偏粳品系南34正反交,在4个海拔点种植F1与育性稳定的不育系测交获得测交群体,并自交产生F2群体;同时在室内将经17℃和14℃温度处理正处于开花期的F1稻穗与不育系授粉获得测交群体。然后对分离群体用位于Rf-1位点的PCR标记M45461进行基因型频率分析。结果显示:在总的25分离群体中,有11个具有由南34提供籼稻细胞质,14具有由云南高海拔粳稻提供的粳稻细胞质;在所有分离群体中,14个发生遗传偏分离。在14个以粳稻细胞质为背景分离群体中仅有4个发生遗传偏分离,但在11个具有由南34提供的籼稻细胞质背景的分离群体中有10个发生遗传偏离,而且都偏向南34,偏向南34基因型的频率基本是随海拔的升高而增加。结果说明海拔、温度和细胞质背景均对分离群体Rf-1位点的基因型频率具有影响,而且达到显著或极显著水平;细胞质背景对雄配子在Rf-1位点的基因型具极大的选择效应。本研究可为探讨水稻恢复基因与水稻生态适应性的关系及恢复基因与水稻的分化关系提供理论参考。 相似文献
5.
三种水稻胞质雄性不育恢复基因的比较 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用籼型强恢复系密阳46、H804,含广亲和基因S5n的粳型恢复系02428、T984及H921分别与三种水稻雄性不育胞质野败(CMS-WA),矮败(CMS-DA),印尼水田谷败育(暂名CMS-IA)不育系测交,分析各组合F1、F2及BCF1代的育性表现以研究雄性不育胞质恢复性的遗传。密阳46和H804对CMS-WA、CMS-DA、CMS-IA的恢复性均由两对主效恢复基因控制。T984及H921对野败、矮败和印尼水田谷败育均含有一对主效恢复基因。02428对野败和印尼水田谷不育胞质不含恢复基因,对矮败可能含一对弱恢复基因。对矮败胞质雄性不育的恢复基因作了讨论,推测存在强弱差异的可能。籼粳杂种后代育性表现较品种间组合育性表现更易受环境影响。 相似文献
6.
水稻粳型亲籼系S-c座位基因型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S-c是控制水稻籼粳亚种间杂种F1花粉不育性的基因座位之一。在该座位,台中65的基因型为Sj/Sj,广陆矮4号的基因型为Si/Si。以台中65和广陆矮4号为遗传测验种,分别与4个粳型亲籼系配组,根据部分F2群体中植株花粉育性表型及与S-c紧密连锁分子标记基因型的偏态分离程度,测定了这4个粳型亲籼系在S-c座位的基因型,结果表明,G2416-3的基因型为Si-2/Si-2;G2605和G3004-4的基因型均为Si-1/Si-1;G2417-2-1的基因型为Sn/Sn。本文还对F1花粉不育性基因遗传分化的测定方法进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
通过对籼粳交Ｆ１体细胞愈伤组织的秋水仙素处理和四倍体花药培养，建成了水稻四倍体诱导及双单倍体分解系统。应用这一系统获得了４４个籼粳交组合的双单倍体及其自交４后代。对这些双单倍体及其后代的遗传分析表明，籼粳交育性可能受寡基因控制，双单倍体途径通过改变正常的世代交替过程，能部分克服籼粳交的不育性及倾籼或倾粳的偏态分离，并具有比Ｆ２更丰富的遗传多样性。在双单倍体一代群体中，育性正常的植株约占４０％，这是 相似文献
8.
以珍汕97A(野败质)为母本,粳型广亲和品种02428、热研1号为父本,采用成对连续回交,结合不育性的选择,育成了不育度高,不育性较为稳定,农艺性状一致,带有野败质的粳型广亲和不育系02428A和热研1号A.将它们与不同类型的籼型材料(普通籼型品种、恢复系、广亲和恢复系)的测配,可见02428A/籼配组F1平均表现穗大粒多而穗数较少;热研1号A/籼配组F1综合农艺性状良好.进一步分析参试籼型父本对该两个广亲和不育系的育性恢复度,发现恢复系密阳46、IR26(强恢珍汕97A)对其仅表现部分恢复.要使该类配组方式籼粳杂种F1结实率正常,父本仍宜选用广亲和恢复系. 相似文献
9.
东乡野生稻细胞质雄性不育育性恢复的遗传研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用协青早A／（协青早B／／东乡野生稻／协青早B）BC1F5、中9A／（协青早B／／东乡野生稻／协青早B）BC1F5、协青早A/（协青早B／／协青早B／东乡野生稻）Be1F5和中9A／（协青早B／／协青早B／东乡野生稻）BC1F5四套测交群体,分析测交群体的育性表现及研究东乡野稻细胞质雄性不育育性恢复的遗传。结果表明：东乡野生稻对矮败（CMS—DA）和印尼水田谷败育（CMS—IA）的育性恢复表现为质量一数量性状,结合群体遗传结构、育性分布和东乡野生稻的偏粳性及广亲和性,可知东乡野生稻对CMS—DA和CMS—IA的恢复性由1对或2对恢复基因控制。 相似文献
10.
水稻粳型亲籼系的分子标记辅助育种 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分子标记辅助聚合育种是累加有利基因的有效手段。培育粳型亲籼系是有效克服水稻籼粳亚种间杂种不育性，从而利用水稻亚种间杂种优势的重要途径之一。本研究利用以PCR为基础的分子标记进行辅助选择，对不同粳型亲籼系中不同分化度的特异亲和基因进行了聚合，并将4个抗白叶枯病基因和来源于IR24的两个恢复基因导入粳型亲籼系中。主要结果如下：1、以粳型亲籼系G2417-2-1和粳型广亲和系G2605为亲本构建分离群体，利用本研究筛选的与S-b，S-c,S-d三个F1花粉不育基因座位紧密连锁的PCR标记进行辅助选择。在F2共选择到特异亲籼聚合植株6株，它们分别是58号，93号，94号，115号，139号，200号；广亲和聚合植株4株，它们分别是11号，14号，121号，177号。2、对当选聚合系的亲籼性和亲粳性综合分析表明：各个特异亲籼聚合系的亲粳性之间及各个广亲和聚合系的亲籼性之间都有显著差异。特异亲籼聚合系的平均亲籼性和平均亲粳性与亲本G2417-2-1相比都没有显著差异。广亲和聚合系的平均亲籼性高于亲本G2605，平均亲粳性显著低于亲本G2605。这些聚合系的亲和性与其MAS基因型相一致。3、利用四类粳型亲籼系与携带有2个恢复基因和4个抗白叶枯病基因的品系构建回交群体，应用本研究筛选的以PCR为基础的分子标记进行辅助选择。在BC1F1共选择到2个恢复基因和4个抗白叶枯病基因全杂合的植株19个，其中以IC31为受体的5株，以IC32为受体的11株，以IC33为受体的2株，以IC34为受体的1株。4、当选的19个单株自交繁殖BC1F2，利用与目标基因紧密连锁的单一分子标记进行MAS。共选择到各类可供进一步利用的材料393株，其中携带有两个纯合恢复基因的植株158株，同时携带有两个纯合恢复基因和两个纯合显性抗白叶枯病基因的植株40株。5、从上述158个植株中选出两个显性抗性基因均纯合或者任意三个抗性基因均纯合的植株共45株，通过标记加密进一步验证其基因型。结果表明，在Rf3，Rf4，Xa4，Xa21，xa5和xa13等六个基因座位上均带有纯合基因型的植株有3株。本研究通过粳型亲籼系不同分化度的特异亲和基因的聚合获得了新粳型亲籼系；通过聚合恢复基因和抗白叶枯病基因到粳型亲籼系中，使粳型亲籼系不仅能解决亚种间杂种不育性，用于两系杂交稻育种，而且由于具有抗白叶枯病基因，可以改善其对白叶枯病的抗性；由于有恢复基因而具有恢复能力，从而可以实现籼粳亚种间的三系配套。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
Significant differences of callus induction, green plant regeneration and culture efficiency were observed among restorer lines and their hybrids in rice. Average callus induction percentage of F1, hybrids was about twice that of their parents. Twenty doubled haploid (DH) lines that showed normal fertility with both indica and japonica CMS lines, were selected as widely compatible restorers (WCRs). TG8 derived from CPSLO17/Minghui 63 not only showed normal fertility to both indica and japonica test varieties and CMS lines, but also exhibited superior agronomic traits, in particular short plant, desired plant type, high tillerability, large panicles, good grain quality and resistance to rice blast disease. Strong heterosis for yield was observed in crosses between indica or japonica CMS lines and TG8. TG8 possessed a dominant, widely compatible gene (WCG) that was inherited from the variety CPSLO17. Results confirmed that the anther culture technique is a quick and effective way of developing widely compatible restorers in rice and that it is applicable to the direct use of intersubspecific heterosis with the three-line method. 相似文献
14.
Yang Zhuping 《Euphytica》1997,95(3):253-258
Following anther culture of various F1 hybrids of indica restorer (R) lines/wide compatible varieties (WCVs) and japonica R lines/WCVs, the homozygous diploid plants
(2n) generated were test-crossed with indica WA type cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile (CMS) line Zhanshan 97A (WA), indica
testers Nanjing 11 and Nante, japonica BT CMS line Hanfeng A (BT), and japonica testers Balilla and Akihikari to identify
widely compatible restorer lines. The results of this study showed that among the diploid pollen plants generated from F1 hybrids of indica R lines/WCVs, 36.7% and 64.7% possessed normal fertility restoration ability (rate of seed-setting > 80%)
to Hanfeng A and Zhanshan 97A, respectively. 71.3% and 32.3% had normal fertility restoration ability to Hanfeng A and Zhanshan
97A, respectively, in diploid pollen plants derived from the japonica R lines/WCVs F1's anther culture. Several widely compatible R lines were selected from anther culture of F1 hybrids of indica R lines/WCVs and japonica R lines/WCVs. These widely compatible R lines derived from diploid pollen plants
showed good wide compatibility and restoration ability both to WA and BT type CMS lines. Strong standard heterosis of major
agronomic traits and yield traits was observed in F1 test-crosses of widely compatible R lines with Hanfeng A and Zhanshan 97A. The wide compatibility in widely compatible R
lines H17, H158 and H281 was studied by a set of three-way crosses. Segregation of the fertile plants with seed-setting rate
> 70% and semi-fertile plants with seed-setting rate > 69.9% agreed with a ratio of 1:1, indicating that wide compatibility
in these widely compatible R lines is governed by a pair of major genes.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
水稻籼粳亚种间杂种不育性的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
克服杂种不育性是利用籼粳亚种间杂种优势的关键。由此对水稻亚种间杂种不育性的原因、细胞学基础及两种主要基因遗传模式进行了总结,并详细综述了利用“亲和基因”克服籼粳杂种不育性的两种有代表性的学说-广亲和基因和特异亲和基因分子定位的最新研究进展,并提出了两“亲和基因”共同利用的初步设想:将聚合了Si等位基因的粳型亲籼系与聚合了不同广亲和基因(中性亲和基因的广亲和力强、亲和谱广泛的粳型品种进行杂交和回交,选育出聚合不同广亲和基因和Si等位基因的粳型亲籼系,再与籼稻品种杂交,真正实现直接利用籼粳亚种间杂种优势。 相似文献
16.
Summary An investigation was made to exploit an innovative tool viz., thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) system in twoline inter-subspecies rice hybrids using 132 hybrids involving four TGMS lines viz., TS15, TS16, TS18 and TS29 and thirty three testers viz., 17 indicas, 7 japonicas and 9 javanicas by line × tester method at Paddy Breeding Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India. Pre-ponderence of non-additive gene action for yield and yield attributing traits was observed by analysing combining ability. TGMS lines TS18, TS29 and the testers CB96073, CB96026, CB94247, TNAU 94241 (indicas), Gohykumangoku (japonica), Dular, PRR16 (javanicas) were good general combiners. The hybrids TS29 × TNAU 94241 (indica/indica), TS 18 × Yamadanishiki (indica/japonica) and TS29 × Dular, TS29 × PRR16 (indica/javanica) were promising for heterosis breeding programme. The japonica tester Gohykumangoku and javanica testers Dular and CPSL0-17 exhibited strong heterosis for spikelet fertility when crossed with TGMS lines TS 16, TS 18, TS 29 indicated that these lines may possess wide compatible gene (WCG) for spikelet fertility. Based on mean performance, standard heterosis and sca for yield and yield traits, the inter – subspecies hybrids viz., TS29 × TNAU 94241, TS18 × TNAU 94241, TS29 × CB96073, TS29 × CB94247, TS29 × CB96026 (indica/indica) TS18 × Yamadanishiki, TS29 × Gohykumangoku (indica/japonica), TS29 × Dular, TS29 × PRR16 (indica/javanica) exhibited high heterosis over check hybrid CORH2 and the above hybrids can be exploited commercially. The present investigation revealed that the TGMS system may utilized as an innovative tool for developing inter subspecies two line hybrids with strong heterosis in rice. 相似文献
17.
Genetic divergence among cold tolerant rices (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Genetic divergence was investigated among 17 rice varieties known to possess some degree of cold tolerance at different growth stages. The 17 varieties and their 102 F1 hybrids with 6 male testers were studied for isozyme variation at 15 loci, spikelet fertility, and degree of cold tolerance at various stages. Multivariate analyses of the data provided several schemes of divergence based on various sources of evidence. All schemes gave similar results, and separated the varieties into japonica and indica groups. The japonica group displayed specific isozymes, a low F1 fertility with indica testers, and a high degree of cold tolerance which was expressed in the F1 progenies. The indica group displayed contrasting specific isozymes, a high F1 fertility with indica testers, and a moderate to low degree of cold tolerance which was not expressed in the F1 progenies. One variety, ARC 6000, displayed unique traits in most schemes and was classified into a distinct type based on the isozymes. The results emphasize that cold tolerance is a major trait for classification of rice into two varietal groups and that proper characterization of potential donors is essential in breeding. Isozyme studies are useful tools for this purpose. 相似文献
18.
An analysis of hybrid sterility in rice using a diallel cross of 21 parents involving indica, japonica and wide compatibility varieties 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary There is much interest in the inter-varietal fertility of Asian cultivated rice. In this study, we analyzed the fertility of hybrids in a diallel set of 210 crosses involving 21 parents representing a broad range of the cultivated rice germplasm including landraces, primitive cultivars, modern elite cultivars and parents of hybrid rice. The materials were also carefully selected with respect to indica-japonica classification including typical indica/japonica, more or less intermediate and wide compatibility varieties. The level of hybrid fertility varied widely among the crosses from almost completely sterile to fully fertile. In general, hybrid fertility of intra-subspecific crosses, i.e., indica by indica (I×I) and japonica by japonica (J×J), is much higher than inter-subspecific crosses (I×J or J×I). The fertility varied widely in hybrids involving wide compatibility varieties and also in inter-subspecific crosses not involving wide compatibility varieties. An analysis of variance showed that both the main effects of indica and japonica parents and the interaction between the parents are highly significant in determining hybrid fertility. We speculate that, in addition to wide compatibility, the overall genetic difference between the indica and japonica parents, that may involve a series of minor mutations, play an important role in determining the hybrid fertility. There are also genes of sizable effect that influence fertility in hybrids resulting from specific combinations of the parents.Abbreviations I×I
indica by indica cross
- I×J
indica by japonica cross
- J×I
japonica by indica cross
- J×J
japonica by japonica cross
- WCV
wide compatibility variety 相似文献
19.
同一基础材料的玉米双单倍体(DH)系配合力的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用高频玉米单倍体诱导系,对选系材料M35/F35的F1代进行诱导获得大量单倍体籽粒,经自然加倍获得一批纯合双单倍体(DH)系,用测验系京24组配杂交组合分析DH系的配合力表现。结果表明,来源于同一基础材料的不同DH系之间,配合力差异较大,部分DH系的配合力比亲本增加,说明采用单倍体育种可以选育到高配合力的优良玉米自交系,组配出优良品种,从而加快育种进程,应用前景广阔。 相似文献
20.
籼型染色体置换片段在杂交粳稻中的配合力分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用10个以粳稻为遗传背景、籼稻为供体的染色体片段置换系(CSSL)及6个粳稻测验种, 按NCII设计, 分析了籼粳亚种间杂种在10个染色体区段上的配合力效应及遗传力等参数。结果表明, 除千粒重外, 各置换系主要产量构成性状的GCA值均高于背景亲本Asominori, 其中带有第12、第4、第1和第11染色体片段的AIS84、AIS27、AIS3、AIS80和AIS76置换系产量相关性状的GCA综合表现最好。说明在染色体片段水平上, 水稻籼粳亚种主要产量构成性状的杂种优势都大于粳亚种内的杂种优势, 对粳稻基因组导入籼稻X24-2~R367 (Chr.12)、R1854~R288 (Chr.4)、C970~C955 (Chr.1)、C1350~R257 (Chr.11)和X52~R2913 (Chr.11)染色体片段, 可显著提高杂交粳稻的产量水平。同一亲本所配的不同组合及同一组合在不同性状间的特殊配合力差异较大, 最高或最低SCA的组合可来自不同GCA的亲本组合类型, 表明在一般配合力与特殊配合力间不存在必然的联系。在双亲一般配合力均高的前提下结合较高的特殊配合力是超高产杂交稻育种中亲本选择的基本原则。 相似文献