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1.
黄竹地上部分营养元素的吸收、积累和分配特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对黄竹Dendrocalamus membranceus地上部分各器官进行研究,为黄竹的林地养分管理和培育提供基础数据。选取不同年龄标准株各1株,分别采集叶、枝、秆,用于分析不同年龄(1~4 a)和不同器官(叶、枝、秆)的植株样品N、K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu等9种营养元素含量。结果表明,黄竹地上部各器官中营养元素含量大小次序表现为:K、P、Mg、Zn元素为叶秆枝,其它5种元素含量均表现为叶枝秆。黄竹地上部分营养元素积累量为453.59 kg·hm-2,不同器官营养元素积累量的大小顺序为秆叶枝,各营养元素的积累量大小顺序为NKCaPMgFeMnZnCu。黄竹每生产1 t干物质所需5种大量营养元素的总重量为9.91 kg,其中N、K的吸收量明显大于其他三种元素。因此,在黄竹生产过程中应适当增施氮肥和钾肥,可以促进黄竹的生长,增加竹秆产量,提高经济和生态效益。  相似文献   

2.
研究了麻竹开花过程中植株不同部位N、P、K、Ca、Mg等营养元素含量及其变化。结果表明:在麻竹开花过程中,各种营养元素在植株不同部位的含量分别表现为:N,枝 > 秆 > 叶;P,叶 > 枝 ≥ 秆;K,未开花及开花前期为叶 > 枝 > 秆,开花盛期为枝 > 叶 > 秆;Ca,未开花及开花盛期为叶 > 秆 > 枝,开花前期为叶 > 枝 > 秆;Mg,叶 > 枝 > 秆。营养元素在植株同一部位的变化规律表现为:N在枝、秆、叶中的含量均为先降低再升高;P在枝、秆中含量逐渐升高、在叶中含量逐渐减少;K在枝、秆中含量先降低后升高、在叶中含量逐渐减少;Ca在枝中含量先升高再降低、在秆中含量逐渐减少、在叶中含量逐渐升高;Mg在枝和秆中含量先升高再降低、在叶中含量逐渐降低。研究结果可为竹子开花机理研究提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
海南麻竹林凋落物及养分动态研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
研究了海南麻竹林凋落物量及其养分动态.结果表明:麻竹林凋落物全年总量为6 862.8 kg·hm-2.N、P、K、Ca、Mg的年归还量分别为74.847、3.264、25.921、45.924、11.902kg·hm-2,大小顺序为:N＞Ca＞K＞Mg＞P,养分总的年归还量是161.858kg·hm-2·a-1.凋落物分解失重率达95%的分解期为11.59个月,每年产生的凋落物全部归还于土壤.  相似文献   

4.
对淯江河岸缓冲带硬头黄竹人工林生物量以及5种营养元素含量的分配格局进行了研究。结果表明:淯江河岸缓冲带硬头黄竹人工林单位面积的总生物量为98 672.01 kg/hm2,其竹株各器官生物量所占的比例分别为秆78.76%、枝7.37%、叶5.05%、根1.49%、蔸7.33%。其竹株各器官的5种营养元素含量均不相同,以代谢旺盛的竹叶含量最高。5种营养元素总含量在硬头黄竹竹株各器官中由大到小排序依次为叶42.62g/kg、蔸26.92g/kg、根24.99 g/kg、枝22.75 g/kg、秆21.83 g/kg。该竹林单位面积N、P、K、Ca、Mg 5种营养元素贮存总量为2 323.2 kg/hm2,其中K的贮存量最高为908.0 kg/hm2占39.1%,其次N为864.6 g/hm2占37.2%,Ca、P和Mg的贮存量仅占其总量的20%左右。  相似文献   

5.
巨桉人工林凋落物数量、养分归还量及分解动态   总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24  
刘洋  张健  冯茂松 《林业科学》2006,42(7):1-10
研究四川洪雅县4种不同密度下巨桉人工林的凋落物量、养分归还量及分解动态.结果表明:巨桉人工林凋落物产量随密度增大而递增;4个巨桉人工林年凋落规律相似,5月是全年凋落物产量的高峰期,1月凋落量最低;4个巨桉人工林凋落物大量元素年归还总量分别为95.32、86.90、67.72和66.37 kg·hm-2,且N＞K＞Ca＞Mg＞P,叶是养分归还的主要组分,春夏两季叶养分归还量最大;枝、叶的平均年失重分别为18.2%和36.1%,分解系数分别为0.176～0.214和0.383～0.445,半衰期分别为3～4年和1～2年,周转期分别为14～17年和6～8年.5种元素释放率大小顺序为Mg＞Ca＞K＞N＞P,养分归还1年后,P出现富集,N先富集后释放,大部分K、Ca、Mg被释放.  相似文献   

6.
通过对广西东门林场某分场5年生尾巨桉和厚荚相思人工林细根主要营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)贮存量及其季节动态进行的研究,结果表明:尾巨桉、厚荚相思人工林细根5种营养元素贮存量随季节不同而存在差异。不同季节尾巨桉人工林细根营养元素贮存量大小次序为夏季(6.514kg·hm-2)秋季(6.452kg·hm-2)春季(5.089kg·hm-2)冬季(4.524kg·hm-2);厚荚相思人工林细根相应为夏季(13.920kg·hm-2)秋季(11.523kg·hm-2)春季(3.620kg·hm-2)冬季(2.902kg·hm-2)。  相似文献   

7.
新栽培区尾叶桉人工林营养元素积累与分配特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
对广西田林县2.4和4.4年生尾叶桉人工林的N、P、K、Ca和Mg等5种营养元素含量、积累量、年净积累量与分配进行了研究.结果表明:尾叶桉不同器官营养元素含量大致为树叶>树皮>树枝>树根>树干;林木各器官中营养元素含量以N最高,其次是Ca、K和Mg,P最低;2.4和4.4年生尾叶桉人工林营养元素的积累量分别为321.09和760.39 kg/hm2,不同器官营养元素积累量的分配随林分年龄的增长发生变化;林分营养元素年净积累量分别为133.79和172.82 kg/(hm2.a),积累量随林分年龄的增长而明显增大;同一器官各营养元素年净积累量与其营养元素积累量变化顺序一致,即为N>Ca或K>Mg>P;2个林分年龄尾叶桉人工林每积累1 t干物质需要5种营养元素总量分别为10.01和9.44 kg,其中对N的需求量最大,P最小.  相似文献   

8.
对福建省永安市不同年龄毛竹营养器官N、P、K、Ca、Mg元素分布进行了研究。结果表明,毛竹不同部位的营养元素含量不同,N、P、Ca、Mg元素平均含量顺序为叶>枝>秆>根;K元素含量的排列顺序为叶>根>枝>秆。叶、枝、秆中主要营养元素的排列顺序为N>K>Mg>Ca>P;根中主要营养元素的排列顺序为K>N>Mg>Ca> P。不同营养器官养分元素含量随年龄增长的变化趋势不同,N、P、Ca、Mg在竹秆与竹根中呈先上升后下降的趋势,竹枝中呈降-升-降的趋势,竹叶中呈"W"型变化,K元素除2年生竹秆中含量较高外,在竹秆、竹根、竹枝中呈下降的趋势。毛竹各器官中有14对元素的相关性达到显著或极显著水平,其中与N元素相关的有8对,与K元素相关的有8对,P元素相关的9对。土壤中有机质、N、P、K的含量对竹秆、竹枝、竹叶中N素含量有重要影响,毛竹营养器官中P、K元素浓度与土壤的主要化学指标之间的相关性未达到显著水平。在土壤养分充足的条件下,竹叶器官中的养分浓度主要由其本身的生理特性决定,与土壤养分浓度相关性不显著。竹叶N、P含量与磷酸酶活性显著相关,与过氧化氢酶极显著相关,土壤酶对土壤中所进行的生物及生物化学过程起着重要的作用,土壤中N、P、K等元素在转化为毛竹可吸收过程中有多种酶的参与。竹秆N与土壤毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度极显著相关,与其他的土壤物理指标相关性不明显。  相似文献   

9.
对云南玉溪磨盘山华山松人工林（16年中龄林、26年近成熟林、43年成熟林）生物量及N、 P、 K、 Ca和Mg等5种营养元素的分配格局和积累规律进行了研究。结果显示,3种林龄华山松人工林的生物量分别为181.515 t/hm2、284.679 t/hm2、295.311 t/hm2,乔木层生物量分别占林分的91.594％、94.760％、93.838％,乔木层的净生产力分别为10.391 t/（ hm2· a）、10.375 t/（ hm2· a）和6.444 t/（ hm2· a）;3种林龄群落各层生物量均为乔木层＞枯落物层＞灌木层＞草本层;乔木各营养器官营养元素含量大小是树叶＞树枝＞树根＞树皮（或树皮＞树根）＞树干;3种林龄华山松各器官营养元素含量均以N含量最高,其他元素含量依次为K＞Mg＞Ca＞P,其中树叶中的N含量最高,达到16.733 g/kg～21.368 g/kg;3种林龄群落营养物质总积累量分别为1497.993 kg/hm2、2257.161 kg/hm2和2810.246 kg/hm2,乔木层营养物质年积累量分别为77.532 kg/（ hm2· a ）、76.679 kg/（ hm2· a）、58.759 kg/（ hm2· a）。  相似文献   

10.
集约经营雷竹林植株矿质元素的变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以4种不同种植年限雷竹林(5、7、10、15 a)中的雷竹为材料,分别对雷竹叶、秆、鞭和根中的K、Ca、Mg、P、Al、As和Rb 7种元素进行含量分析,探讨不同种植年限下雷竹林矿质元素的变化规律.结果表明:雷竹不同器官的矿质元素含量不同,Ca和Mg这两种元素的平均含量在雷竹叶中最高,K、P、Al、As和Rb这5种元素的平均含量在根部最高;不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹的叶、秆、鞭和根中矿质元素含量形成有规律的变化:种植10 a和15 a雷竹林雷竹中K、P、Al、As和Rb含量高于种植5 a和7 a,种植5 a和7 a雷竹林雷竹中Ca和Mg元素含量高于种植10 a和15 a;不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹各器官中各元素含量变化之间存在相关性,其中有31对矿质元素的相关性达到显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)水平.对不同种植年限雷竹林雷竹的K、Ca、Mg、P、Al、As和Rb 7种元素含量分析表明,集约经营下铝毒是引起雷竹内矿质元素含量变化和竹林退化的原因之一.  相似文献   

11.

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.  相似文献   

12.

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.  相似文献   

13.

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.  相似文献   

14.

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.  相似文献   

15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。  相似文献   

16.

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.  相似文献   

17.
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18.

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.  相似文献   

19.
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.  相似文献   

20.
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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