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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2013,(6):68
1主要应用对象1)单胃动物和反刍动物。猪、鸡、牛等动物饲料需要高质量蛋白质,尤其是幼龄动物日粮。因为幼龄动物处于生长旺盛期,对蛋白需求和氨基酸平衡要求较高,而且鱼粉中氨基酸比例与动物所需的比较接近。2)水产动物。鱼、蟹、虾等水产动物饲料中蛋白质的主要原料就是鱼粉,鱼粉与水产动物所需的氨 相似文献
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<正>蛋白质是组成体内各种细胞和组织的基本成分,是水产动物的生命基础,水产动物生长实质上是蛋白质的生长。水产饲料中蛋白质只有经过消化降解为游离氨基酸、肽类等物质后才能被吸收并合成水产动物的组织蛋白,所以,水产动物蛋白质营养的实质就是氨基酸营养。一般将氨基酸分成必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸两大类。 相似文献
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小肽营养及其在水产养殖中的应用进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
长期以来．人们一直认为动物采食的日粮蛋白质在消化道内降解成小肽和游离氨基酸．游离氨基酸可以被动物直接吸收利用；而小肽只有进一步降解成游离氨基酸才能被利用。后来发现，蛋白质降解产生的小肽也能被动物直接吸收。从此．小肽在动物营养中的应用开始了广泛的研究。水产养殖的研究表明．添加适量的小肽可促进鱼类的生长，增强水产动物的免疫力和提高成活率、矿物元素利用率、饲料转化率。本文针对小肽的吸收与代谢机制、影响小肽吸收和释放的因素以及小肽在水产养殖中的应用等方面做一论述。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2021,(8)
发酵饲料中富含动物所需的维生素、氨基酸、酶制剂、有机酸、活性制剂等成分,在水产养殖中应用具有显著优势。为此,本文介绍了发酵饲料的种类及其优劣;简述了发酵饲料在提高水产动物免疫力、优化改善水质、提升水产动物生产性能方面的作用。 相似文献
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酿酒酵母营养调控功能及其在水产饲料中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
酿酒酵母细胞壁含有丰富的β-1,3-葡聚糖和甘露寡糖(MOS),可达到细胞壁干重的95%左右,它们在促进水产动物生长、增强非特异性免疫能力方面发挥着非常重要的作用。酵母细胞原生质中含量丰富的核苷酸和氨基酸/小肽能够对水产动物产生强烈的诱食效应,显著促进水产动物生长、提高饲料吸收利用效率,并对水产动物免疫能力具有良好的增强效应。本文综述了酿酒酵母中β-1,3-葡聚糖、MOS、核苷酸和氨基酸/小肽的营养调控功能及其在水产饲料中的应用研究进展,为饲料酵母产品的深入开发利用提供了一定的背景资料。 相似文献
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试验旨在评价南极磷虾粉氨基酸营养价值。采用国标方法,测定南极磷虾粉中氨基酸含量及组成,并将12种水产动物肌肉氨基酸组成作为参考模式,评价南极磷虾粉作为饲料蛋白源的氨基酸营养价值,并与鱼粉和豆粕进行比较。试验结果表明：南极磷虾粉中总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸分别占干物质总重的67.18%、32.64%和23.73%,必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的48.59%和35.32%,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的比值为94.50,符合FAO/WHO的理想蛋白质模式。通过氨基酸比值系数法计算,南极磷虾粉第一限制性氨基酸主要为蛋氨酸,而在所选的水产动物中,南极磷虾粉适合作为点篮子鱼、黄颡鱼和红鳍东方鲀的饲料蛋白源。南极磷虾粉氨基酸平衡性较好,营养价值较高,是一种值得开发利用并在水产动物饲料中应用的优质资源。 相似文献
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多安酸是引进国际“VEPP”特种发酵菌种,采用独特生物发酵工艺精制而成的新一代有机结晶复合氨基酸,含有20多种氨基酸和丰富的小肽,是动物饲料理想的营养性添加剂,可广泛应用于畜禽、水产动物饲料,起到平衡氨基酸,提高饲料利用率,降低饲料成本,增加饲养效益的目的。 相似文献
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Trials were conducted with four adult sheep of the Merino breed, live weight 45 to 50 kg, fed two diets with different nitrogen levels (7.6 g nitrogen per day as protein or 24 g nitrogen per day with an addition of 17.4 g urea nitrogen to 7.6 g nitrogen as protein). The following findings were obtained: the concentration of free amino acids in blood plasma in the 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th and 22nd weeks from the beginning of feeding with both diets was lower, in most of the analyzed amino acids, three hours after feeding than before feeding. The results show that at an increased intake of urea nitrogen the concentration increases of the free amino acids lysine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, valine and isoleucine before feeding. Three hours after feeding these differences are less pronounced. An increase is only recorded in the concentration of arginine, glutamic acid and glycine, whereas the concentration of alanine decreases. 相似文献
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3种植物添加剂对惠阳胡须鸡肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸组成与含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究绿茶粉、桑叶粉和大蒜粉对鸡肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸含量和组成的影响，为植物添加剂在惠阳胡须鸡生产中的应用提供理论依据。选取120只120日龄体重相同、健康的惠阳胡须母鸡，随机分成4个处理，每个处理3个重复，每个重复10只。试验Ⅰ组，饲喂基础日粮+2%绿茶粉；试验Ⅱ组，饲喂基础日粮+4%桑叶粉；试验Ⅲ组，饲喂基础日粮+1.5%大蒜粉；对照组，饲喂基础日粮，预试验7 d，正式试验30 d。饲养试验结束后，每个处理随机选取10只鸡进行屠宰。每只屠宰鸡取同一部位胸肌100 g，通过氨基酸自动分析仪测定肌肉中氨基酸的组成和含量，通过气相色谱仪测定肌肉中脂肪酸的组成和含量。试验结果表明：①日粮中添加植物添加剂对肌肉中氨基酸的组成没有影响，但对肌肉中氨基酸的含量有影响，试验组必需氨基酸含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；②日粮中添加植物添加剂对肌肉中脂肪酸的组成没有影响，但对肌肉中脂肪酸的含量有影响，对照组总饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于3个试验组（P<0.05），而3个试验组总多不饱和脂肪酸含量/总饱和脂肪酸含量的比值显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明，日粮中添加植物添加剂不影响肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成，但影响肌肉中两者的含量，显著降低鸡肌肉中饱和脂肪酸的含量，提高多不饱和脂肪酸的比例，增加必需氨基酸含量。因此，日粮中添加植物添加剂可改善惠阳胡须鸡肌肉品质。 相似文献
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The aim of the study was to determine if differences in the molecular size of two protein sources affect in vivo intestinal absorption rates of amino acids under normal feeding conditions. Accordingly, the portal absorption rate of amino acids was studied in rats fed semi‐synthetic diets containing native casein (NC) or enzymatically hydrolysed casein as the only protein sources. Enzymatic casein hydrolysate (ECH) consisted of a mixture of free amino acids (51.2% with respect to total amino acids) and low molecular weight peptides. Rats were pre‐adapted to the experimental diets for 5 days prior to the absorption studies. Total free amino acid concentrations in portal vein plasma of rats fed ECH diet at 60, 105, 150 and 195 min after feeding were lower (p < 0.05) than those of rats fed NC. Lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of free threonine, proline, tyrosine, valine and tryptophan at all time points, and higher (p < 0.05) leucine at 60 and 105 min were found in rats fed ECH when compared with those fed NC in portal vein plasma. Portal flow rates of threonine, proline, tyrosine and valine were higher in NC at most time points tested, while leucine and lysine were higher for ECH fed rats 60 and 105 min after feeding. In arterial plasma, significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of some individual free amino acids (proline, tyrosine, valine and tryptophan) were determined at 60, 105, 150 and 195 min after feeding, and lower leucine values after 60 and 105 min, in rats fed NC compared with those fed ECH. Results indicate that in normal feeding conditions amino acids from NC and ECH are absorbed at different rates in rats. 相似文献
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Three sheep with a small isolated rumen (after Gridin et al., 1964) were studied for the passage of amino acids from the blood to the isolated rumen before feeding and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after feeding. It was found that, on an average for all the time intervals mentioned above, the passage of glycine was the largest of all the amino acids studied (0.512 muMol per 100 ml), followed, in descending order, by lysine, alanine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, arginine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine (0.038 muMol per 100 ml). Before feeding and one hour after feeding, lysine shared the greatest proportion of all amino acids that had passed into the isolated rumen (0.565-0.43 muMol per 100 ml), followed, in descending order, by glycine, alanine, valine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, serine, threonine, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine; arginine was, in this case, represented by the smallest proportion (0.042-0.030 muMol per 100 ml). It is inferred from the results that the amount of amino acids passing from the blood through the rumen wall changes with the time that has elapsed from feeding, and that before feeding this passage is more intensive than after feeding. These changes are held to be related with an increased passage of endogenous nitrogen to the rumen in the period of a relative deficiency of substances which are derived from the feed and are essential for maintaining homeostasis in the rumen. 相似文献
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采用国标及通用的方法,对饲用羽毛肽粉中各营养成分进行分析,并与其它饲料蛋白源进行比较。结果表明,饲用羽毛肽粉粗蛋白、粗脂肪、糖分和粗灰分、盐分含量分别为85.05%、7.9%、1%7、.76%、0.9%。饲用羽毛肽粉含有18种氨基酸,总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸分别占总量的70.47%、27.78%、38.70%,总氨基酸占蛋白质的82.86%,必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的39.42%和54.92%。饲用羽毛肽粉作为鱼粉替代品的限制性氨基酸为赖氨酸(Lys)、组氨酸(His)、色氨酸(Trp)、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸(Met+Cys)。饲用羽毛肽粉含14种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、ω-3不饱和脂肪酸分别占脂肪酸总量的25%、15%、10%、2%,EPA占脂肪酸含量的2%,未发现含有DHA。饲用羽毛肽粉含有丰富的营养成分,但其作为水产动物饲料蛋白源在氨基酸平衡及不饱和脂肪酸含量较鱼粉差,可通过调整营养配方,改善其应用价值。 相似文献
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J Wünsche T Zebrowska U Hennig F Kreienbring M Meinl K Krawielitzki E Borgmann T V?lker B Idzior H D Bock S Buraczewski 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1979,29(3):151-164
Re-entrance cannulae were applied by way of operations at the end of the small intestine of a larger number of growing pigs. After a post-operative phase these animals were fed with various rations (N-free diet, fattening feed for pigs, rations with dried skim milk resp. wheat gluten + lysine and wheat + wheat gluten + lysine). During the main experiment periods the ileum digesta (24 hour-periods of collecting) and the feces were quantitatively registered. The protein and amino acid content ascertained in the feed rations, the digesta and feces samples are reported, comparatively evaluated and discussed. The amount of amino acids (in mg per kg intake of dry matter) contained in the ileum digesta after N-free feeding were statistically calculated with regard to differences occuring between the animals and days. For most amino acids a significant decrease in the ileum digesta could be detected during the course of the N-free feeding period. Moreover, the amount of amino acids in the ileum digesta was compared with the metabolic fecal amino acids, from which conclusions could be drawn concerning the disappearance rate of the individual amino acids in large intestine. 相似文献
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The amino acid composition of the proteins in selected body fractions of chickens and the 15N-excess of amino acids isolated from them resulting from a feeding experiment with long-term labelling with 15NH4-acetate supplied orally are given. The amino acid spectra of feathers, breast and leg muscles are characterised by differences in the content of individual amino acids specific for the organs, the composition of the proteins, however, is independent of the protein content of the ration and the age of the animals. The sarcoplasmatic and myofibrillar proteins also have typical amino acid patterns, which--with the exception of the histidine content--are neither influenced by the extraction of the proteins from the breast or leg muscles nor by the energy level of the feeding or the age of the animals. There are no significant differences in the metabolisation of the main protein fraction of the breast and leg muscles. The oral supply of 15N ammonium acetate to broilers predominantly labels the non-essential amino acids so that the derived kinetic data chiefly represent the metabolism of the non-essential amino acids. 相似文献
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Two pregnant sows were fed on a basal diet consisting of equal amounts of ground barley and ground wheat with or without addition of L-lysine hydrochloride. Plasma amino acid and blood urea levels varied according to the time after feeding. Almost all the essential amino acids reached a maximum level after one hour and then declined at four hours after feeding. The results suggested that samples taken at between one and four hours after feeding were responsive to changes in dietary composition and could provide a measure to evaluate the amino acid pattern in relation to feeding. Both plasma amino acid and blood urea data suggested that lysine was the first limiting amino acid in the basal diet. 相似文献