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1.
Klaus Hopster Stephan Neudeck Liza Wittenberg-Voges Sabine BR. Kästner 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):78-81
Objective
To compare alteration in intestinal blood flow in anaesthetized horses with changes in oral mucosa blood flow.Study design
Prospective, randomized clinical study.Animals
Eight warmblood horses.Methods
After induction with guaifenesin and ketamine, anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane at 1.5 vol% in oxygen. The tissue blood flow was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry at the jejunum, colon, rectal mucosa, oesophageal mucosa and the oral mucosa. After three baseline measurements, blood flow was first increased by dobutamine infusion and thereafter decreased by increasing isoflurane concentration and all measurements repeated twice. anova was used for comparing the measured parameters to baseline and correlation between the different measurement localizations was examined using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05).Results
Microperfusion at all measurement sites increased significantly during dobutamine infusion and decreased significantly during high isoflurane concentration. There was a significant correlation between flow at the oral mucosa and flow at the jejunum (r2 = 0.77, p = 0.002), colon (r2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), rectal mucosa (r2 = 0.88, p < 0.001) and oesophageal mucosa (r2 = 0.83, p <0.001).Conclusions and clinical relevance
Oral mucosa blood flow can be used in isoflurane anaesthetized horses to reflect changes of intestinal microcirculation. 相似文献2.
Hélène Deflers Frédéric Gandar Géraldine Bolen Frédéric Farnir Didier Marlier 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):510-519
Objective
To establish a noninvasive imaging protocol for rabbit gastrointestinal transit evaluation. To assess the effect of a single injection of buprenorphine on the digestive transit of rabbits via this new technique.Study design
Prospective, parallel study.Animals
Fifteen specific pathogen-free male New Zealand White rabbits weighing 2.68 ± 0.28 kg.Methods
A 10 mL kg–1 barium meal was administered and the rabbits were subjected to serial radiographic and ultrasound examinations without treatment and 1 week later following a single intramuscular dose of 100 μg kg–1 of buprenorphine. Radiographic data from the stomach and caecum were collected and assigned a retention score ranging from 0 (no barium) to 3 (large amount of barium). The resulting scores and pyloric and duodenal contraction counts were analysed using a mixed linear model and are expressed as least square mean (lsm) ± standard error. Transit was estimated based on the apparition time of faeces in the pelvic area and analysed using a Wilcoxon test. A p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results
Buprenorphine treatment induced a higher lsm number of pyloric (1.73 ± 0.19 versus 0.78 ± 0.19, p < 0.01) and lsm duodenal contractions (17.35 ± 1.04 versus 13.44 ± 1.04, p < 0.01). Buprenorphine administration decreased the lsm barium retention score in the stomach (2.44 ± 0.05 versus 2.64 ± 0.05, p < 0.01), but had no effect on the lsm barium retention score in the caecum. The time to apparition of faeces in the pelvic area was not influenced by buprenorphine administration (p = 0.66).Conclusions and clinical relevance
A single high dose of buprenorphine appears to have no adverse effect on gastrointestinal motility in healthy rabbits. 相似文献3.
Guillaume Manneveau Jeanne Lecallard Chantal Thorin Hugo Pamela Caroline Tessier 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(4):477-486
Objective
To compare the topographic modifications and tactile sensitivity of the pharynx and larynx after administration of four sedative and analgesic protocols in standing horses.Study design
Experimental, observer-blinded, crossover study.Animals
Eight healthy mares.Methods
Five protocols were evaluated: 1) xylazine and butorphanol administered intravenously (IV); 2) detomidine and butorphanol administered IV; 3) xylazine administered IV and lidocaine topically; 4) detomidine administered IV and lidocaine topically and 5) no analgesia or sedation (control). Quality of sedation, head height and sudden head movements were recorded. The degree of arytenoid cartilage displacement, the degree of pharyngeal collapse and the occurrence of soft palate displacement were scored using standardized scales. Tactile sensitivity was tested on 10 different pharyngeal and laryngeal regions using an atraumatic transendoscopic probe. Statistical analysis was performed using linear or generalized mixed-effects models.Results
Head height was significantly decreased in protocols with xylazine (p = 0.002). Head movements were significantly increased in protocols with butorphanol (p = 0.0001). No changes in abduction grade or degree of soft palate displacement were observed between all sedative protocols and the control group. Pharyngeal collapse was significantly more frequent in protocols with lidocaine (p < 0.001) or xylazine (p = 0.017). For the pharyngeal regions, no tactile sensitivity difference was observed between the control and treatment protocols. All treatment protocols led to greater desensitization of all the laryngeal regions compared with the control protocol.Conclusion and clinical relevance
All the protocols provided adequate sedation and analgesia for the manipulation of the larynx and pharynx but significant differences were noted. Xylazine produces a more profound sedation compared with detomidine, but can induce dorsal pharyngeal collapse. Lidocaine caused pharyngeal collapse and its use should be limited to the target area. Butorphanol can be added to improve analgesia in the other regions but frequent head jerking can be expected. 相似文献4.
Émilie L. Couture Beatriz P. Monteiro Jessica Aymen Eric Troncy Paulo V. Steagall 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):676-683
Objectives
To validate a thermal threshold (TT) nociceptive model in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and to document TT changes after administration of morphine.Study design
A two-part randomized, blinded, controlled, experimental study.Animals
Five adult bearded dragons (242–396 g).Methods
A TT device delivered a ramped nociceptive stimulus (0.6 °C second?1) to the medial thigh until a response (leg kick/escape behavior) was observed or maximum (cut-off) temperature of 62 °C was reached. In phase I, period 1, six TT readings were determined at 20 minute intervals for evaluation of repeatability. Two of these readings were randomly assigned to be sham to assess specificity of the behavioral response. The same experiment was repeated 2 weeks later (period 2) to test reproducibility. In phase II, animals were administered either intramuscular morphine (10 mg kg?1) or saline 0.9%. TTs (maximum 68 °C) were determined before and 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after treatment administration. Data were analyzed using one-way anova (temporal changes and repeatability) and paired t tests (reproducibility and treatment comparisons) using Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05).Results
Mean TT values were 57.4 ± 3.8 °C and 57.3 ± 4.3 °C for periods 1 and 2, respectively. Data were repeatable within each period (p = 0.83 and p = 0.07, respectively). Reproducibility between periods was remarkable (p = 0.86). False-positive responses during sham testing were 10%. TTs were significantly increased after morphine administration at 2, 4 and 8 hours compared with baseline, and at 2 and 4 hours compared with saline 0.9%. The highest TT was 67.7 ± 0.7 °C at 4 hours after morphine administration.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Testing was repeatable, reproducible and well tolerated in bearded dragons. TT nociceptive testing detected morphine administration and may be suitable for studying opioid regimens in bearded dragons. 相似文献5.
Objective
To assess the reaction of client-owned dogs to intravenous (IV) catheter placement after applying a local anaesthetic (EMLA) or placebo cream for either 30 or 60 minutes.Study design
Prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.Animals
A total of 202 client-owned dogs of various breeds.Methods
With owner consent, dogs were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: EMLA 60 minutes, EMLA 30 minutes, Placebo 60 minutes and Placebo 30 minutes. After the cream was applied for the allocated time, an IV catheter was placed and the behavioural reaction of the dog was scored. The reaction score was analysed using a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U tests of the multiple pairwise comparisons, with Bonferroni correction.Results
A large number of dogs, even in the placebo groups, did not react to IV catheter placement. However, the Kruskal–Wallis test showed an overall difference between treatment groups (χ2 = 11.029, df = 3, p = 0.012). The pairwise comparisons showed a lower overall reaction score in the EMLA 60 group than in the EMLA 30 and Placebo 60 groups (adjusted p = 0.018 and adjusted p = 0.044, respectively).Conclusions and clinical relevance
This study shows that EMLA cream applied for 60 minutes reduces the behavioural reaction of dogs to IV catheter placement; therefore, this intervention can be advocated for routine use in veterinary medicine to enhance the welfare of dogs undergoing IV catheter placement. 相似文献6.
Irene Dimopoulou Tilemahos L. Anagnostou Nikitas N. Prassinos Ioannis Savvas Michael Patsikas 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1189-1197
Objective
To test the efficacy of intraoperative intrafragmentary administration of bupivacaine (haematoma block) in controlling postoperative pain in dogs undergoing osteosynthesis of long-bone isolated diaphyseal fractures.Study design
Randomized, ‘blinded’, placebo-controlled, prospective study.Animals
A total of 23 client-owned dogs with isolated long-bone fractures.Methods
Dogs were allocated randomly to two groups: bupivacaine group (B) or placebo group (P). Group B dogs (n = 11) were administered an intraoperative intrafragmentary injection of 0.5% bupivacaine (1.1 mg kg–1) just before fracture fixation, whereas group P dogs (n = 12) were administered normal saline. Postoperative pain evaluations using the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) and algometer were performed upon arrival to the recovery room and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 20 and 32 hours later. Algometer measurements were performed on: the incision site, a healthy region near the fracture line and the contralateral healthy limb. When the pain score exceeded 14 points in the UMPS, rescue analgesia was administered. The time-standardised area under the curve (AUCst) was used to compare UMPS scores and mechanical pain thresholds between the two groups.Results
None of the group B dogs required rescue analgesia, whereas eight of the 12 group P dogs did (p = 0.001). The pain threshold AUCst at the incision line was higher in group B [16.3 (2.9–41.6) N] than in group P [5.6 (2.5–17.4) N] (p = 0.029). The mean UMPS score AUCst was lower in group B (3.7 ± 1.8) than in group P (9.4 ± 4.6) (p = 0.016). In a small number of animals of both groups that were evaluated radiologically, adequate bone healing was noted.Conclusions and clinical relevance
An intraoperative bupivacaine haematoma block is a simple, quick and effective method that can be used to aid in postoperative pain control in dogs submitted to long-bone osteosynthesis. 相似文献7.
Melissa D. Smith Michele Barletta Kathryn A. Diehl Erik H. Hofmeister Samuel P. Franklin 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(1):36-42
Objective
To compare the effect of propofol and ketamine/diazepam for induction following premedication on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy dogs.Study design
Prospective, quasi-experimental, unmasked, longitudinal.Animals
A total of 61 client-owned dogs.Methods
Dogs were anesthetized twice with a 4 week washout period. Premedication with dexmedetomidine (5 μg kg–1) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg–1) intramuscularly was followed by either propofol (4 mg kg–1) or ketamine (5 mg kg–1) and diazepam (0.25 mg kg–1) intravenously for induction and inhaled isoflurane for maintenance. IOP was measured by applanation tonometry using TonoPen-XL before premedication and after 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes. IOP was measured again immediately after induction and after 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 minutes. Data were analyzed using one- or two-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results
No difference was found between right and left IOP (p = 0.45), and data from both the eyes of each dog were averaged and considered as one set of data. Following premedication, IOP was significantly lower at all time points than at baseline when animals were grouped together, mean difference –1.6 ± 0.2 mmHg (p < 0.05). IOP increased immediately (12.2 ± 2.4 mmHg before versus 17.1 ± 3.8 mmHg after) and at 3, 5 (p < 0.001), 10 and 40 minutes (p = 0.009 and 0.045, respectively) after propofol administration. For ketamine/diazepam, IOP was increased immediately post-induction (13.0 ± 2.7 mmHg before versus 14.7 ± 2.8 mmHg after) and at 3, 5 (p < 0.001), 30 and 40 minutes (p = 0.010 and 0.037, respectively).Conclusions and clinical relevance
Sedation with hydromorphone and dexmedetomidine significantly decreased IOP in normal dogs and may be an appropriate choice for dogs that cannot tolerate acute increases in IOP. However, IOP increased significantly after both induction protocols, abolishing the effect of premedication. 相似文献8.
Objective
To describe a transorbital approach to the maxillary nerve block in dogs and compare it with a traditional approach.Study design
Prospective, randomized controlled study.Animals
Heads from 17 euthanized dogs (10 Greyhounds, three Border Collies and four of mixed breed).Methods
A volume of 1 mL of methylene blue dye was injected by each of two techniques, a traditional percutaneous approach and a transorbital approach to the maxillary nerve block. Both techniques were used on each head, alternating the left and right sides after random assignment to the first head. The heads were dissected to reveal the maxillary nerve and the length of nerve stained was measured.Results
There was no significant difference (p = 0.67) in the proportion of nerves stained for a length >6 mm by either technique (88.2% transorbital versus 82.3% percutaneous). The mean length of nerve stained did not differ significantly between the techniques (p = 0.26).Conclusions and clinical relevance
The transorbital approach to the maxillary nerve block described here presents a viable alternative to the traditional percutaneous approach. Further study is required to confirm its efficacy and safety under clinical conditions. 相似文献9.
J. Vila R. Pariaut N.S. Moïse E.M. Oxford P.R. Fox C.A. Reynolds C. Saelinger 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(1):57-67
Objective
To investigate the expression and distribution of desmosomal and gap junction proteins of the intercalated disc in the atria of boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).Animals
Nineteen control dogs and 13 boxers with histopathologically confirmed ARVC.Methods
Right and left atrial samples were examined using immunofluorescence and Western blots. The intercalated disc proteins investigated included total and phosphorylated connexin43 (Cx43 and pCx43), connexin45, connexin40, plakoglobin, plakophilin-2, desmoplakin, and N-cadherin.Results
Histopathological changes characteristic of ARVC were present in the left or right atrium of 12 out of 13 boxers and were absent in all control dogs. When compared to the 19 control dogs, immunofluorescence analysis revealed a decrease in signal intensity for pCx43 and plakoglobin in the left (p = 0.03 and p = 0.014, respectively) and right atrium (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively) of affected boxers. Connexin43 and pCx43 Western blot band density was significantly decreased in the left (p = 0.025 and p = 0.027, respectively) and right atrium (p = 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively) of affected boxers.Conclusion
Altered intercalated disc and gap junction proteins were identified in atrial myocardium of ARVC boxers, supporting atrial involvement as part of this disorder. Reduction in pCx43 in conjunction with histological changes could represent the substrate for atrial arrhythmias associated with ARVC. Furthermore, these findings detected in boxer dogs, lend support for the broader term, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, as preferred nomenclature used to describe this disease in humans. 相似文献10.
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12.
David Knazovicky Erika S. Helgeson Beth Case Andrea Thomson Margaret E. Gruen William Maixner B. Duncan X. Lascelles 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):615-624
Objective
To evaluate replicate effects and test–retest reliability of mechanical and thermal quantitative sensory testing (QST) in normal dogs and dogs with osteoarthritis (OA)-associated pain.Study design
A prospective clinical study.Animals
A total of 54 client owned dogs (OA, n = 31; controls, n = 23).Methods
Mechanical [electronic von Frey (EVF) and blunt pressure] and thermal (hot and cold) sensory thresholds were obtained in dogs with OA-associated pain and control dogs at two visits, 7 days apart, to assess test–retest reliability. Thresholds were measured at the OA-affected joint (hip or stifle), over the tibial muscle and over the midpoint of the metatarsals. Five replicates were obtained for each modality at each site bilaterally.Results
Overall, there was no significant effect of replicates on QST response. EVF thresholds were significantly lower at the second visit in OA dogs at the affected and metatarsal sites (p = 0.0017 and p = 0.0014, respectively). Similarly for control dogs, EVF thresholds were significantly lower at the second visit at the metatarsal site (p = 0.001). Significantly higher hot thermal latencies were seen in OA dogs at the affected and tibial testing sites (p = 0.014 and p = 0.012, respectively), and in control dogs at the tibial site (p = 0.004).Conclusions
In QST, a replicate does not show a strong effect. However, QST results show variability over time, particularly for EVF and hot thermal stimuli.Clinical relevance
If QST is to be used clinically to evaluate a sensitized state, the variability over time needs to be accounted for in the study design. 相似文献13.
Michael D. Kleinhenz Nicholas K. Van Engen Patrick J. Gorden Katie E. Kleinhenz Butch Kukanich Suzanne M. Rajewski Philip Walsh Johann F. Coetzee 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):849-857
Objective
To study the influence of pain on the pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory actions of transdermal flunixin administered at dehorning.Study design
Prospective, crossover, clinical study.Animals
A total of 16 male Holstein calves, aged 6–8 weeks weighing 61.3 ± 6.6 kg.Methods
Calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: transdermal flunixin and dehorning (PAIN) or transdermal flunixin and sham dehorning (NO PAIN). Flunixin meglumine (3.33 mg kg?1) was administered topically as a pour-on concurrently with hot iron dehorning or sham dehorning. The calves were subjected to the alternative treatment 14 days later. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points up to 72 hours for measurement of plasma flunixin concentrations. Pharmacokinetics parameters were determined using noncompartmental analysis. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The 80% inhibition concentration (IC80) of PGE2 was determined using nonlinear regression. Pharmacokinetic data were statistically analyzed using paired t tests and Wilcoxon rank sums for nonparametric data. Flunixin and PGE2 concentrations were log transformed and analyzed using repeated measures.Results
A total of 15 calves completed the study. Plasma half-life of flunixin was significantly longer in PAIN (10.09 hours) than NO PAIN (7.16 hours) (p = 0.0202). Bioavailability of transdermal flunixin was 30% and 37% in PAIN and NO PAIN, respectively (p = 0.097). Maximum plasma concentrations of flunixin were 0.95 and 1.16 μg mL?1 in PAIN and NO PAIN, respectively (p = 0.089). However, there was a treatment (PAIN versus NO PAIN) by time interaction (p = 0.0353). PGE2 concentrations were significantly lower in the PAIN treatment at 48 and 72 hours (p = 0.0092 and p = 0.0287, respectively). The IC80 of PGE2 by flunixin was similar in both treatments (p = 0.88).Conclusion and clinical relevance
Pain alters the pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory effects of transdermally administered flunixin. 相似文献14.
Fabiana Micieli Ludovica Chiavaccini Barbara Lamagna Giancarlo Vesce Bruna Santangelo 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(5):667-672
Objective
To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupillary diameter (PD) following intravenous (IV) administration of dexmedetomidine and acepromazine in dogs.Study design
Prospective, randomized experimental trial.Animals
A group of 16 healthy adult dogs aged (mean ± standard deviation) 4.9 ± 3.3 years and weighing 15.7 ± 9.6 kg, without pre-existing ophthalmic disease.Methods
IV dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (0.002 mg kg–1; DEX) or acepromazine maleate (0.015 mg kg–1; ACE) was administered randomly to 16 dogs (eight per group). The IOP and PD, measured using applanation tonometry and Schirmer's strips mm scale, respectively, and the heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures and respiratory rate (fR) were recorded at baseline, at time of injection, and then 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 minutes after injection. A single ophthalmologist, unaware of treatment, performed all measurements under consistent light conditions. Values were compared with baseline and among treatments using a multivariate mixed-effects model (p ≤ 0.05).Results
The IOP was significantly lower in the DEX group compared with the ACE group at 10 (p < 0.01) and 15 minutes (p < 0.01) after drug injection. PD was significantly smaller compared to baseline for the entire duration of the study (p < 0.01) in both groups. Dogs in the DEX group had significant lower HR (p < 0.01) and fR (p < 0.01), higher SAP (p < 0.01) and DAP (p < 0.01) at all time points, and higher MAP (p < 0.01) during the first 15 minutes following drug injection in comparison with the ACE group.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Our results suggest that premedication with IV dexmedetomidine temporarily decreases IOP when compared with IV acepromazine. Both drugs cause miosis. 相似文献15.
K. Höglund J. Häggström S. Hanås A.-C. Merveille V. Gouni M. Wiberg J. Lundgren Willesen K.Mc Entee L. Mejer Sørensen L. Tiret E.H. Seppälä H. Lohi V. Chetboul M. Fredholm A.-S. Lequarré I. Ljungvall 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2018,20(4):244-253
Introduction
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has several biological functions. In different species, excessive 5-HT has been linked to valvular lesions, similar to those seen in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Previous studies suggest higher 5-HT in healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs), a breed highly affected by myxomatous mitral valve disease, compared to other breeds.Objective
To investigate potential interbreed variation in serum 5-HT in healthy dogs.Animals
483 healthy dogs of nine breeds aged 1–7 years.Methods
Dogs were examined at five European centers. Absence of cardiovascular, organ-related, or systemic diseases was ensured by thorough clinical investigations including echocardiography. Serum was frozen and later analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results
Median 5-HT concentration was 252.5 (interquartile range = 145.5–390.6) ng/mL. Overall breed difference was found (p<0.0001), and 42% of pairwise breed comparisons were significant. Univariate regression analysis showed association between serum 5-HT concentration and breed, center of examination, storage time, and sex, with higher 5-HT in females. In multiple regression analysis, the final model had an adjusted R2 of 0.27 with breed (p<0.0001), center (p<0.0001), and storage time (p=0.014) remaining significant. Within centers, overall breed differences were found at 3/5 centers (p≤0.028), and pairwise comparisons within those centers showed breed differences in 42% of comparisons. Among the included breeds, Newfoundlands, Belgian Shepherds and CKCSs had highest 5-HT concentrations.Conclusions
Interbreed variation in serum 5-HT concentration was found in healthy dogs aged 1–7 years. These differences should be taken into account when designing clinical studies. 相似文献16.
João CA. Alves Ana MMP. dos Santos Ângelo DP. Fernandes 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):123-128
Objective
To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of mesotherapy in dogs compared with a positive control group.Study design
Experimental, randomized, blinded study.Animals
Fifteen working police dogs with chronic back pain.Methods
Animals were divided randomly into control (CG; n = 5) and treatment groups (TG; n = 10). A combination of 140 mg lidocaine, 15 mg dexamethasone and 20 mg thiocolchicoside was administered to group TG along with a 70-day course of a placebo, administered as if it was carprofen. Carprofen was administered to Group CG for 70 days, at a dose adjusted to their weight. On day 0, an intradermal injection of Ringer’s lactate was also administered. Both groups were rested for 3 days and resumed normal activity over a 5-day period. Response to treatment, measured by the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and the Hudson Visual Analogue Scale (HVAS), was evaluated before treatment (T0), after 15 days (T1) and 1 (T2), 2 (T3), 3 (T4), 4 (T5) and 5 (T6) months. Results were compared using a Mann–Whitney test or a paired samples t test.Results
When comparing CBPI results, no differences were found between groups TG and CG at T0 through T3 and in T6 and T7. Differences were observed in CBPI sections after the discontinuation of carprofen: at T4 [p = 0.02 for Pain Interference Score (PIS) and p = 0.03 for Pain Severity Score (PSS)] and T5 (p = 0.16 for PIS and p = 0.03 for PSS), with group TG having overall better results. Individual treatment results were considered successful in one dog of group CG (20%), whereas in group TG, success was higher (ranging from 78% at T1 to 22% at T7). No significant differences were registered with the HVAS.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Mesotherapy may be a promising treatment option for canine musculoskeletal-related pain. Further studies are required. 相似文献17.
Bettina Dunkel Thilo Pfau Andrew Fiske-Jackson Kata O. Veres-Nyeki Harriet Fairhurst Katrina Jackson Yu-Mei Chang David M. Bolt 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):154-162
Objectives
To investigate whether acupuncture can alter gait in horses as assessed by objective and subjective parameters.Study design
Prospective, randomized, singleblinded, crossover study.Animals
Eight adult horses.Methods
Horses were randomly assigned to a treatment (three acupuncture treatments in 8 days) or control group. Subjective and objective gait analyses were performed before and after each treatment and at 1, 3 and 7 days after the last treatment (time-points 1–9, respectively). Horses were assessed at the trot in a straight line on a hard surface and on the lunge on the left and right reins on a soft surface (conditions 1–3, respectively). After 12 weeks, groups were reversed. Objective gait analysis was performed using inertial sensors and subjective analysis by two board- certified surgeons who reviewed video-recordings. Each limb was assessed for lameness before and after treatment. Lameness and global scores were assigned using 4-point scales. Assessors were blinded to treatment status. The effects of treatment (yes/no), time (1–9) and horse under conditions 1 –3 were compared using a linear mixed-effects model and a generalized estimating equation.Results
Treatment decreased hip hike difference under all conditions [condition 1: control, 6.3 ± 6.4 mm versus treatment, –0.2 ± 6.4 mm (p = 0.007); condition 2: control, 9.7 ± 7.8 mm versus treatment, 2.8 ± 7.8 mm (p = 0.032); condition 3: control, 7.3 ± 6.3 mm versus treatment, –2.7 ± 6.4 mm (p = 0.003)]. Other parameters also improved significantly under conditions 1 and 3. Based on subjective gait analysis, treatment decreased lameness [odds ratio (OR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.78; p = 0.002] but not global (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.24–1.10; p = 0.12) scores.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Acupuncture can change horses' gaits to a degree appreciable by objective and subjective analyses. 相似文献18.
Won-gyun Son Min Jang Sang-min Jo Hyunseok Kim Chi Won Shin Inhyung Lee 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(1):96-105
Objective
To compare the effects of epidural injection of three volumes of lidocaine injected at the third (T3) or eleventh thoracic vertebra (T11) in conscious dogs to induce thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) and to measure the epidural dispersion of iohexol under similar conditions.Study design
Prospective crossover experiment.Animals
A group of five Beagle dogs weighing 10.4 ± 0.5 kg (mean ± standard deviation).Methods
Each dog was anesthetized twice, separated by 1 week, for inserting an epidural catheter at the lumbosacral space and advancing the tip to T3 (treatment TEAT3) or T11 (treatment TEAT11). For each treatment, three volumes of 2% lidocaine (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mL kg–1) were administered at 24 hour intervals, and sensory blockade (SB) of dermatomes was estimated by pinching the skin with mosquito forceps. Under identical conditions of injection volume and site, iohexol was administered 3 hours after lidocaine injection to identify epidural distribution (ED) using computed tomography. The effects of injection site and volume on SB of thoracic dermatomes and ED were analyzed using a linear mixed model (p < 0.05).Results
Thoracic SB and ED significantly increased as the volume increased (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), and significantly decreased in TEAT3 than in TEAT11 (p = 0.011 and p = 0.002, respectively). Cervical SB was obtained in three of five dogs in TEAT3 and two of five dogs in TEAT11 injected with 0.20 mL kg–1. One dog showed temporary inspiratory stridor probably caused by bilateral laryngeal paralysis, but no hypoxia.Conclusions and clinical relevance
TEA induced at T3 produced less thoracic SB than did TEA at T11 with the same volumes of lidocaine. The cervical SB obtained with the highest volume of lidocaine may increase the risk of laryngeal paralysis and pulmonary aspiration. 相似文献19.
Alice R. Bird David J. Bird Matthew W. McMillan 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(1):55-63
Objectives
To determine the endotracheal tube cuff pressure produced with two inflation techniques, in two brands of endotracheal tube in cats. To determine the inspiratory pressure which produces an audible leak when the intracuff pressure is 30 cmH2O.Study design
Prospective, clinical, randomized study.Animals
A total of 40 client-owned healthy adult cats.Methods
Following induction of anaesthesia, endotracheal intubation was performed with a Parker Flex-Tip PFLP (Parker; n = 20) or Flexicare VentiSeal (Flexicare; n = 20) endotracheal tube. For each cat, the endotracheal tube cuff was inflated using two methods, minimum occlusive volume (MOV) and pilot balloon palpation (PBP). Intracuff pressure was recorded. Cuff pressure was then set at 30 cmH2O and the pressure within the breathing system when a manual breath first caused an audible leak was measured.Results
PBP pressure was lower for Parker (36 ± 13 cmH2O) compared with Flexicare (45 ± 13 cmH2O, p = 0.048). MOV pressure was not different between tube types (56 ± 28 versus 66 ± 25 cmH2O for Parker and Flexicare, respectively, p = 0.247). MOV produced a higher pressure than PBP for Parker (56 ± 28 versus 36 ± 13 cmH2O, p = 0.001) and Flexicare (66 ± 25 versus 45 ± 13 cmH2O, p = 0.007). When intracuff pressure was set at 30 cmH2O, 95% of cats did not develop an audible leak until the inspiratory pressure was greater than 10 and 12 cmH2O for Parker and Flexicare tubes, respectively.Conclusions
PBP produced lower cuff pressures than MOV, although both techniques produced a cuff pressure above that at which mucosal blood flow is believed to be restricted. A cuff pressure of 30 cmH2O may be sufficient to prevent audible leak in most cats if respiratory pressures are kept at 10–12 cmH2O or below.Clinical relevance
To ensure a safe endotracheal tube cuff pressure, use of a specifically designed pressure gauge is recommended. 相似文献20.
Trina M. Hancock Nigel A. Caulkett Ed A. Pajor Leanna Grenwich 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):858-864