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1.
噻虫嗪对白背飞虱试验种群繁殖力的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究噻虫嗪对白背飞虱的亚致死效应,采用稻茎浸渍法以噻虫嗪亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(25)胁迫白背飞虱3龄若虫,测定了F_0代和F_1代若虫的存活率、雌成虫寿命和产卵量,并组建了F_1代种群相对适合度生命表。结果表明,经噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫后,F_0代白背飞虱若虫的发育历期延长,存活率降低,并且LC_(10)处理组的F_0代雌成虫寿命比对照组显著延长,而成虫产卵量无显著变化;F_1代的若虫发育历期比对照组显著延长,且产卵量有所减少,LC_(10)处理组雌成虫产卵量比对照组减少了22.24,LC_(25)处理组比对照组减少了69.96,且差异显著;LC_(10)和LC_(25)亚致死浓度处理后F_1代的种群增长趋势指数均下降,种群相对适合度分别下降了0.12和0.36。研究表明,噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫均可抑制白背飞虱的种群增长。 相似文献
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3.
以棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover饲养日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nippoensis(Okamoto)作为对照,用一种半固体人工饲料连续饲养10代日本通草蛉,对日本通草蛉各生长阶段的生长和发育指标进行观测。结果显示,用人工饲料饲养的日本通草蛉的幼虫历期为13～15d,蛹期为8d,较对照组的7d和6d分别延长6～8d和2d;用棉蚜饲养的对照组日本通草蛉幼虫累计存活率为94%,成虫获得率为87%,而人工饲料饲养连续10代的幼虫累计存活率为81%～89%,成虫获得率69%～79%。取食人工饲料的日本通草蛉成虫,在产卵前期、产卵量、产卵期及寿命方面与对照组存在显著的差异,人工饲料组草蛉的产卵前期为5.07～5.22d,而对照组草蛉的产卵前期为4.12d,人工饲料组草蛉的产卵量为190～390粒,对照组的单雌产卵量为667.2粒,人工饲料组草蛉的寿命为36～38d,对照组成虫寿命52d。以上结果表明,这种半固体人工饲料可以满足日本通草蛉幼虫生长发育基本需要,可用于日本通草蛉的室内继代饲养,但需要进一步优化配方。 相似文献
4.
阿维菌素是目前常用的杀虫杀螨剂。本研究利用生命表技术,室内评价了阿维菌素亚致死剂量对虚伪新小绥螨成螨生长发育及生殖的影响。通过阿维菌素亚致死剂量(LC30、LC20和LC10)处理虚伪新小绥螨成螨后,平均每雌产卵量分别为29.11、34.25、45.81粒;每雌日均产卵量分别为0.73、0.99、1.50粒,平均每雌产卵量LC20和LC30与对照(53.89粒)有显著差别,每雌日均产卵量3个处理与对照(2.43粒)均有显著差别,而对后代的雌雄性比影响没有显著差异。阿维菌素亚致死剂量对次代的发育历期影响主要表现为产卵前期的延长,产卵期和产卵后期缩短,但对整体平均寿命影响不显著。生殖生命表的结果显示,阿维菌素会降低虚伪新小绥螨的发育速率,其净增殖率(R0)和内禀增长率(rm)下降,而平均世代周期(T)和种群加倍时间(Dt)增长。通过对次代存活率和种群生命期望指数的分析,结果表明,LC10和LC30处理的虚伪新小绥螨中有近40%个体的存活时间较对照有显著的延长,且LC10和LC30处理后虚伪新小绥螨的种群期望指数均显著高于对照。综上所述,阿维菌素对虚伪新小绥螨的生殖能力存在一定的负面影响,但对于虚伪新小绥螨的个体发育影响与对照相比影响不大。该结论为利用阿维菌素开发耐药性(抗药性)的虚伪新小绥螨提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
烯啶虫胺对褐飞虱的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度对处理当代褐飞虱及其子代生物学特性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度LC_(15)(0.011 mg/L)处理褐飞虱3龄若虫,其发育历期显著延长,成虫羽化率显著下降,单雌产卵量从226.6粒下降到176.4粒,产卵期也显著缩短;子代的发育历期比对照组显著缩短,而子代的产卵量、产卵期和成虫寿命均与对照组无显著差异。子代种群数量趋势指数与对照组也无明显差异。上述结果表明,烯啶虫胺亚致死浓度处理对当代褐飞虱生长发育和繁殖产生不利影响,子代发育历期缩短可能使褐飞虱存在一定的再猖獗风险。 相似文献
6.
田间杀虫剂的使用,使得昆虫不可避免地会受到杀虫剂亚致死浓度的胁迫。为了明确白背飞虱受杀虫剂亚致死浓度胁迫后对其他药剂的敏感性变化,采用稻茎浸渍法测定了白背飞虱受噻虫嗪、溴氰虫酰胺亚致死浓度(LC_(10)和LC_(25))胁迫后对三唑磷、吡虫啉、吡蚜酮的敏感性。结果表明:经噻虫嗪亚致死浓度胁迫的种群,对吡虫啉有较低的敏感性,其敏感度随噻虫嗪浓度的增高而降低;对三唑磷的敏感性表现为:LC_(10)种群LC_(25)种群敏感种群;对吡蚜酮的敏感性表现为:LC_(25)种群敏感种群LC_(10)种群。经溴氰虫酰胺亚致死浓度胁迫的种群,对三唑磷有较低的敏感性,并随溴氰虫酰胺处理浓度的增加,敏感性降低;对吡蚜酮的敏感性基本不变,对吡虫啉的敏感性表现为:LC_(10)处理种群敏感种群LC_(25)处理种群。根据以上研究结果,建议田间防治白背飞虱时,轮用噻虫嗪和三唑磷,但要避免噻虫嗪与吡虫啉、溴氰虫酰胺和三唑磷的轮用。 相似文献
7.
为明确60Co-γ亚不育剂量辐照对小菜蛾Plutella xylostella种群数量动态变化的影响,构建小菜蛾种群动态变化模型,在实验室条件下通过建立小菜蛾生命表获得种群特征参数、个体生理指标,预测亚不育剂量辐照对小菜蛾种群的影响。结果显示,亚不育剂量辐照组的羽化率显著高于完全不育剂量组,与空白对照组无显著差异,各处理羽化率无性别差异,亚不育剂量辐照组F1代孵化率显著低于空白对照组。亚不育剂量辐照组种群各阶段发育历期、存活率及繁殖力生命指标低于空白对照组。小菜蛾亚不育剂量辐照组世代平均历期(19.90 d)、世代净生殖率(2.35)、周限增长率(1.04 d-1)、内禀增长率(0.04 d-1)均低于空白对照组,而种群加倍时间(16.16 d)高于空白对照组。空白对照组世代平均历期、每日单雌产卵量与产卵时间均长于亚不育剂量辐照组。辐照组与对照组种群生命表参数对比,表明亚不育剂量降低了小菜蛾种群世代数和幼虫期的个体存活率,使F1代雌虫个体数减少。 相似文献
8.
氯虫苯甲酰胺对桃小食心虫生长发育的亚致死效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确亚致死浓度的氯虫苯甲酰胺连续处理对第4代桃小食心虫生物学特性的影响,本研究用LC10、LC30和LC50的氯虫苯甲酰胺处理的苹果分别继代饲养桃小食心虫（简称LC10、LC30和LC50种群）。以第4代初孵幼虫为起点记录其各阶段发育历期、存活率和繁殖力等数据,研究氯虫苯甲酰胺对桃小食心虫的亚致死效应。结果表明,LC30和LC50种群桃小食心虫的卵期与对照（CK）种群相比明显延长; LC50种群桃小食心虫的蛀果率、脱果率、幼虫存活率、世代存活率以及单雌平均产卵量均显著低于CK种群; CK、LC10、LC30和LC50种群单雌平均产卵量分别为(183.67±10.39)、(177.66±14.81)、(147.83±14.54)粒和(126.33±11.29)粒。桃小食心虫LC30和LC50种群与CK种群相比,内禀增长率、净生殖率和周限增长率显著降低,平均世代周期和种群加倍时间延长,相对适合度降低。 相似文献
9.
非靶标生物在转基因抗虫作物的环境安全性评价中具有非常重要的地位。本研究系统评估了新型Bt杀虫蛋白Cry1Ah对多异瓢虫幼虫、成虫和日本通草蛉成虫各项生物学指标的影响。结果表明,取食体表布满Cry1Ah蛋白的桃蚜后,多异瓢虫幼虫存活率、幼虫历期、蛹历期、体质量、雌雄成虫寿命、雌虫产卵量与对照相比均差异不显著。日本通草蛉成虫取食含有Cry1Ah蛋白的蜂蜜水后,雌雄成虫寿命、雌虫产卵量与对照间均差异不显著。因此,Cry1Ah蛋白对多异瓢虫和日本通草蛉的各项生命指标无显著的不利影响,这为转Cry1Ah基因抗虫棉花商业化释放前的安全性评价提供重要的技术支撑。 相似文献
10.
为评价我国自主研发的转基因玉米表达的Cry1Ab、PAT和EPSPS蛋白对日本通草蛉Chrysoperla nipponensis幼虫生长发育的安全风险,通过将外源蛋白混入日本通草蛉人工饲料中的方法,以加入砷酸二氢钾(KH_2AsO_4)的饲料为阳性对照,研究了日本通草蛉幼虫取食后的生长发育状况。结果表明:日本通草蛉取食含Cry1Ab和EPSPS蛋白饲料的幼虫发育历期、茧期、结茧率、羽化率及成虫体重等生物学参数与取食正常饲料处理相比均没有显著差异;而取食含PAT蛋白饲料的幼虫发育历期和结茧率分别为10.7 d和96.6%,与取食正常饲料的对照11.1 d和89.9%差异显著,即饲料中添加PAT蛋白显著提高了幼虫的存活率和发育速率;取食含KH_2AsO_4饲料的日本通草蛉幼虫不能存活到茧期,说明KH_2AsO_4具有显著的杀虫活性。ELISA检测结果表明,取食了分别添加有3种外源蛋白饲料的日本通草蛉幼虫体内可以检测到相应的Cry1Ab、EPSPS和PAT蛋白,含量分别为2 758.8~5 210.7、35 018.0~54 426.6、16.8~149.8 ng/g。表明转基因玉米所表达的Cry1Ab、EPSPS和PAT蛋白对日本通草蛉幼虫没有显著的不利影响。 相似文献
11.
In 1992 and 1993, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crops in Israel were heavily damaged by the western flower thrips (WFT),Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Adult females appear in the heads of sunflower just as the latter begin to blossom;
the population decreases towards completion of anthesis. The damage to kernels is greatest at the periphery of the heads,
where flowers appear first, and lowest at the center. Fields sown early in the season (in March) are usually the ones infested
most by WFT and suffering the greatest damage. Fields sown one month later are less infested, since predatory bugs of the
genusOrius are very active at that time. 相似文献
12.
Among several factors that influence silk yield, insect and non-insect pests form an important component. Of the insects that attack silkworm, the most important are the tachinid parasites which are commonly known as ujiflies. There are at least four species of ujifly that attack silkworms viz., Japanese ujifly, Crossocosmia sericariae (Rondani); Hime ujifly, Ctenophorocera pavida (Meigen); Tasar ujifly, Blepharipa zebina (Walker) and the Indian ujifly, Exorista bombycis (Louis). This review discusses distribution and history, taxonomy and bio-ecology of the ujifly. Among the different management practices used, cultural methods such as exclusion, i.e. fitting fly-proof wire mesh screens to the windows, ventilators and doors of rearing rooms and securing fly proof nylon net to individual trays, are found to be the most eco-friendly and economical. Other practices such as the use of hyper parasitoids, chemicals, chemosterilants, quarantine measures and lastly the integrated management practices have also been presented. 相似文献
13.
Dong Wang Xinghui Qiu Xuexiang Ren Fang Niu Kaiyun Wang 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(2):90-94
A Helicoverpa armigera population was collected from Shandong province, China. After 15 generations of selection in the laboratory, the H. armigera strain developed more than 20-fold resistance to spinosad. At LD50 level, no significant cross-resistance was found between spinosad and chlorpyrifos, methomyl, avermectin and chlorfenapyr except for fenvalerate with a low cross-resistance of 2.4-fold. However, LD99 values of fenvalerate against the parental and resistant strains were not different significantly. After inhibitors were used, spinosad resistance could be partially suppressed by piperonylbutoxide (PBO) and triphenylphosphate (TPP), but not by diethylmaleate (DEM). Activities of p-nitroanisole O-demethylase (ODM) developed to 8.26-fold compared with the parental strain, but no obvious changes were found in activities of carboxyl esterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The results indicated that resistance to spinosad in the cotton bollworm might be associated with an increase in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. 相似文献
14.
Biological control was first considered shortly after the accidental introduction of Prostephanus truncatus in Africa in the early 1980's. This article reviews first the history of the biological control efforts with a focus on the results and recommendations of the initial international meetings and foreign exploration projects, followed by a discussion of the more important biocontrol agents, in particular the histerid Teretrius nigrescens. Since the release of T. nigrescens in Africa a number of techniques have been employed by different research groups to measure the effect of the natural enemy on P. truncatus, including pheromone trapping, field experiments, gut analysis grain store surveys, simulation modelling, and statistical and economic analysis the conclusions of these various studies have been largely equivocal, and the results of studies with recent data suggest that uncertainty is growing. Further resources and time are needed both for a proper evaluation and for the further development of control strategies compatible with biological control. 相似文献
15.
以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物的大草蛉两性生命表和捕食率 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确大草蛉Chrysopa pallens (Rambur)的发育、存活、繁殖和捕食能力,利用年龄-龄期两性生命表方法,在25 ℃、光周期L 15:D 9条件下研究了以豌豆修尾蚜Megoura japonica (Matsumura)为猎物的大草蛉的生命表及其捕食率。结果表明:大草蛉雌成虫个体的繁殖力为683.6±55.99粒,种群的内禀增长率、周限增长率、净增殖率和平均世代周期分别为0.1247/d、1.133/d、333.64粒/个体和46.5 d;大草蛉幼虫、雌成虫和雄成虫个体的平均捕食率分别为145.25、1 192.47和669.08头。若考虑存活率,个体的净捕食率为1 026.26头;从猎物种群到捕食者后代的转化率为3.08;种群个体的稳定捕食率和周限捕食率分别为5.49和6.22头。表明以豌豆修尾蚜为猎物时,大草蛉表现出较好的个体发育、种群增长和捕食特性,豌豆修尾蚜可作为大草蛉人工繁殖选择的猎物之一。 相似文献
16.
Tobacco streak virus in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jeanne Dijkstra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1983,89(4):153-169
Tobacco streak virus (TSV) was isolated from a plant of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) showing severe necrosis and chlorosis in the leaves. The virus was identified as TSV by serology and, to some extent, by host range. The type of symptoms varied with the host plant in which the virus had been propagated in successive transfers. Test plants inoculated with the virus propagated inNicotiana rustica produced symptoms which very much differed from those brought about by the virus from eitherN. clevelandii orChenopodium amaranticolor.The significance of the host-mediated variation in symptoms is discussed.Samenvatting Tabaksstrepenvirus (TSV) werd geïsoleerd uit zonnebloem (Helianthus annuus) die sterke necrose en chlorose van de bladeren vertoonde. De identiteit van het virus werd vastgesteld op grond van serologische reacties en, tot op zekere hoogte, de symptomatologie. Het type symptoom op de toetsplanten bleek echter sterk afhankelijk te zijn van de plant waarvan het inoculum afkomstig was. Was het virus verschillende malen achtereen vermeerderd inNicotiana rustica dan waren de symptomen op de toetsplanten zeer verschillend van die, welke werden veroorzaakt door virus vermeerderd inN. clevelandii ofChenopodium amaranticolor. De betekenis van deze door de waardplant bewerkstelligde variatie in symptomen wordt besproken. 相似文献
17.
The main fungi affecting black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were recorded during a survey which took place in northern Greece in 1997. It was found thatPhomopsis oncostoma (Thüm.) v. Höhn,Aglaospora profusa (Fr.) de Not. andCucurbitaria elongata (@#@ Fr.) Grev. cause necroses of twigs, branches and even entire trees. The pathogenicity of these fungi was confirmed by inoculation experiments in which typical disease symptoms appeared with re-isolation of the respective fungi from the inoculated plants. 相似文献
18.
S. A. Podlipaev 《Phytoparasitica》1995,23(4):351-353
Trypanosomatid flagellates were found inCynanchum acutum L. (Asclepiadaceae) plants in Israel. 相似文献
19.
为探究甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua中肠碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase protein 2,ALP2)是否为Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白的受体,采用同源克隆和RACE技术克隆了编码alp2基因的完整c DNA序列,利用荧光定量PCR比较了甜菜夜蛾幼虫中肠不同龄期ALP2表达量的差异,利用Ligand blot方法检测了中肠ALP2与Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白的结合。结果表明,alp2基因序列全长1 629 bp(Gen Bank序列号为KP420013),编码542个氨基酸,预测在氨基酸序列N端包含1个由21个氨基酸组成的信号肽,在C端存在1个GPI修饰的锚定位点,且在整个氨基酸序列中存在多个糖基化修饰位点。在整个甜菜夜蛾幼虫期均有ALP2表达,但不同龄期的表达量差异显著,1龄幼虫期表达量最低,4龄幼虫期最高。Ligand blot方法检测结果表明原核表达的ALP2片段与活化的Cry1Ac杀虫蛋白可以结合。研究表明,甜菜夜蛾中肠的ALP2可能是Cry1Ac的受体之一。 相似文献
20.
为明确蠋蝽Arma custos对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera幼虫的生物防控潜能,在室内条件下测定蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的捕食能力以及不同蠋蝽密度对自身捕食作用的影响。结果显示：蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ模型。蠋蝽5龄若虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.829、0.024 d和41.667头;蠋蝽雌成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.796、0.020 d和50.000头;蠋蝽雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的瞬时攻击率、处理时间和日最大捕食量分别为0.752、0.021 d和47.619头。蠋蝽5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫对棉铃虫3龄幼虫的搜寻效应均随猎物密度的增加而逐渐降低。当棉铃虫幼虫密度固定时,单头蠋蝽的日捕食量随蠋蝽密度的增加而逐渐降低,蠋蝽对棉铃虫的捕食作用受到自身密度的干扰,5龄若虫和雌、雄成虫的干扰系数分别为0.548、0.702和0.772。表明蠋蝽5龄若虫及雌、雄成虫均对棉铃虫3龄幼虫具有一定的防控能力,且成虫对棉铃虫幼虫的防控能力大于5龄若虫。 相似文献