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啤酒花是新疆出口创汇的重要农产品之一,全疆约8万亩,每年出口啤酒花约3500余吨,创汇500余万美元,但近年来却受到啤酒花霜霉病、红蜘蛛等病、虫害的严重危害。1988年我局应邀对啤洒花病虫害进行调查及以啤酒花霜霉病为主的病虫害防治试验。 相似文献
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新疆野生啤酒花群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用RAPD技术分析新疆7个啤酒花(Humulus lupulus L.)的天然居群遗传多样性及群体间的遗传分化,12个随机引物共检测到121个可重复的位点,其中多态位点119个,占总位点的98.35%.由Shannon表型多样性指数和Nei基因多样性指数估计,居群内遗传分化百分比分别为63.55%和65.65%,表明啤酒花种内的遗传变异主要存在于群体内.分析认为,新疆境内啤酒花自然居群的遗传多样性很丰富,居群间产生了一定的分化.啤酒花居群的基因流Nm=1.0037,相对有限的基因流可能在居群遗传分化的维持中起着作用. 相似文献
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一、病害发生情况 啤酒花霜霉病是属于流行性内吸型的一种疾病。病菌寄生于啤酒花根、茎、叶、花各个部位,蔓延快、危害大。在伊犁地区发病情况是:已感病的老根于次年春季幼苗出土时,即 相似文献
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本研究采用纳米磁珠提取法(Magnetic Nanoparticles,MNP)、改良的Li Cl沉淀法、CTAB法、TRIzol法和RNeasy Plant M ini Kit 5种方法提取感染啤酒花潜隐类病毒(Hop latent viroid,HLVd)的啤酒花叶片总RNA,结果显示Li Cl沉淀法、CTAB法和M NP法提取的RNA的质量较好,而M NP法具有提取时间短、操作简便,环境友好和批量提取的优势,适用于啤酒花潜隐类病毒RNA的快速提取。体外转录制备HLVd RNA标准品,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR绘制标准曲线,并对其特异性、灵敏度进行评估。应用纳米磁珠提取啤酒花总RNA,结合实时荧光RT-PCR技术,建立了HLVd的快速、高效的M NP-RT-q PCR定量检测方法。 相似文献
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德国曾报道在哈拉道产区啤酒花发生镰刀菌所致的病害,但未确定病菌的种类。我们于1980年在北京来广营村的啤酒花田中发现萎蔫根腐病的病株,1987年2月在内蒙古巴盟及甘肃发现病株。其症状均为地上部茎叶萎蔫,茎基及根部腐烂,剖视髓部变褐,严重的全株枯死。分离培养病患部,产生菌 相似文献
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啤酒花是新疆出口创汇的重要农产品之一.每年种植面积在5 300 hm2左右.昌吉地区是新疆啤酒花生产的主要基地,种植面积占全区的30.5%.啤酒花种植过程中由于害螨为害不仅降低啤酒花成品品质.还造成产量损失达30%左右.由于使用化学农药防治害螨,在2002年还造成1批出口干啤酒花因为农药超标而被当场烧毁,损失严重.为此,昌吉州农业技术推广中心积极研究探索高效、安全、环保的新型生物防治技术,于2005年从福建省农科院植保所引进了捕食螨--胡瓜钝绥螨[(Amblyseiuscucumeris(udemans)]控制啤酒花田害螨.通过几年来的应用示范,初步掌握了使用方法,取得了明显的防治效果. 相似文献
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啤酒花根癌病在我国发生普遍,是影响啤酒花生产的重要病害。从啤酒花主要生产基地新疆、山东、浙江等地分离到61个菌株。通过培养性状、染色反应,以及14～15个菌株的生理生化性状和12个菌株致病性的测定,确定啤酒花根癌病病原菌为根癌土壤杆菌Agrobacteria tumefaciens(E.F.Smith &Jownsend)Conn属生物型1、病原菌菌株对K84(Agrobacterium radiobacter)菌株的细菌素敏感,各菌株间敏感性的强弱不一。盆裁番茄和啤酒花初步生防试验表明,用K84与敏感性强的菌株按1:1比例混合接种,番茄和啤酒花都不产生瘿瘤;而敏感性弱的菌株需用3:1才能防止瘿瘤的产生。 相似文献
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Three fluctuating (M18, M33 and M50) and three progressive (PVl, PV2 and PV3) hop wilt isolates of Verticillium albo–atrum Reinke and Berthold were tested against the hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars, Fuggle, Wye Challenger and Wye Target. Significant differences in pathogenicity were observed between progressive and fluctuating isolates and although wilt symptoms varied in intensity from season to season, the relative order of pathogenicity and host resistance usually remained the same. Using a detached leaf procedure, differences were observed in the frequency of successful re–isolations of Vertieillium from hop plants infected with wild–type isolates. This procedure is discussed as a possible additional method for distinguishing between progressive and fluctuating hop wilt isolates. Auxotrophic and morphological mutants derived from these six wild–type isolates were tested under glasshouse conditions against hop and the non–selective alternative host Antirrhinum majus L. (cv. Maximum). Although auxotrophic mutants generally showed a reduction in pathogenicity to, and ability to colonize, both hop and Antirrhinum , certain auxotrophs retained near–parental levels of colonization and were therefore suitable for studies on possible parasexual recombination in these hosts. 相似文献
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Leaf mesophyll protoplasts and cell suspension cultures obtained from resistant and susceptible cultivars of hop ( Humulus lupulus ) exhibited differential cell death responses when treated with sterile culture filtrates (CF) obtained from four isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum showing a range of virulence towards hop. The extent of cytotoxicity was correlated with both the virulence of the isolates and the resistance of the cultivars. Cytotoxicity was attributed to a low-molecular-weight, heat-labile, component of CF. Cell cultures from a susceptible and a resistant cultivar exhibited similar, growth-related, patterns of sensitivity to CF. The extent of inhibition of callus growth caused by CF treatment was related to the level of the resistance of the cultivar. 相似文献
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The most economically important plant pathogens in the genus Pseudoperonospora (family Peronosporaceae) are Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli, causal agents of downy mildew on cucurbits and hop, respectively. Recently, P. humuli was reduced to a taxonomic synonym of P. cubensis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data and morphological characteristics. Nomenclature has many practical implications for pathogen identification and regulatory considerations; therefore, further clarification of the genetic and pathogenic relatedness of these organisms is needed. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted considering two nuclear and three mitochondrial loci for 21 isolates of P. cubensis and 14 isolates of P. humuli, and all published ITS sequences of the pathogens in GenBank. There was a consistent separation of the majority of the P. humuli isolates and the P. cubensis isolates in nuclear, mitochondrial, and ITS phylogenetic analyses, with the exception of isolates of P. humuli from Humulus japonicus from Korea. The P. cubensis isolates appeared to contain the P. humuli cluster, which may indicate that P. humuli descended from P. cubensis. Host-specificity experiments were conducted with two reportedly universally susceptible hosts of P. cubensis and two hop cultivars highly susceptible to P. humuli. P. cubensis consistently infected the hop cultivars at very low rates, and sporangiophores invariably emerged from necrotic or chlorotic hypersensitive-like lesions. Only a single sporangiophore of P. humuli was observed on a cucurbit plant during the course of the studies. Together, molecular data and host specificity indicate that there are biologically relevant characteristics that differentiate P. cubensis and P. humuli that may be obfuscated if P. humuli were reduced to a taxonomic synonym of P. cubensis. Thus, we recommend retaining the two species names P. cubensis and P. humuli until the species boundaries can be resolved unambiguously. 相似文献
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The hop looper, Hypena humuli Harris (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is becoming an increasingly important pest of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) (Rosales: Cannabaceae) in western USA. Currently, control of this pest usually involves broad-spectrum pesticides that kill natural enemies and disrupt biological control of other hop pests. In order to develop better management strategies for H. humuli, field and laboratory studies were conducted over a four-year period to identify the pest's natural enemies and to investigate their phenologies and to assess their impact. Nine parasitoid species and assorted species of invertebrate predator were found to attack different life-stages of H. humuli. Levels of parasitism were consistently low throughout the study period and none of the parasitoids found was a specialist natural enemy of the pests. Exclusion cage studies showed, however, that the complex of natural enemies as a whole can significantly reduce larval densities of the pest, and laboratory studies confirmed successful predation of H. humuli larvae by several generalist predators including the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.), the damsel bug Nabis alternatus Parshley and two species of the geocorid bug genus Geocoris. 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟幼虫对不同寄主植物的取食选择性 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
为深入了解亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)不同龄期幼虫的取食特性,采用叶碟法对6个科的24种植物进行了测定.结果显示,亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫选择性试验中,酸模叶蓼上幼虫百分率最高,为29.81％;菜豆上次之,为27.36％.3龄幼虫选择性试验中,菜豆上幼虫百分率最高,为28.66％;酸模叶蓼上次之,为26.21％;该虫较喜食的其它几种植物上幼虫百分率由多到少依次是葎草、向日葵和苘麻,而玉米叶片上的幼虫取食百分率最低,初孵幼虫为0,3龄幼虫为4.28％.5龄幼虫在上述6种植物茎秆或果实上取食停留的时间没有显著差异.试验说明,亚洲玉米螟幼虫保持了对原始寄主的取食特性. 相似文献
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The spatial pattern of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) on hop (Humulus lupulus) was characterized over 4 years to aid in deriving an appropriate incidence–density relationship. From 472 disease assessments (datasets), discrete distributions were fitted to the datasets to determine aggregation of disease density. Where distributions were able to be fitted, the Poisson distribution fitted 4% of the datasets and the negative binomial distribution fitted 87% of the datasets. Larger‐scale patterns of disease were assessed by autocorrelation and runs analysis; both indicated aggregation of diseased plants was less common than aggregation of disease within plants. Taylor’s power law indicated disease density was aggregated and related to mean disease density in all years. Disease incidence and density were linked by saturation‐type relationships based on the zero term of the negative binomial distribution or an empirical regression. Certain individual datasets were not described well by any incidence–density model, particularly when disease density was greater than about 0·8 diseased shoots per plant with the cultivar Cascade. When applied to 56 validation datasets, 88% of the variation in observed disease incidence was explained by the incidence–density models. Under conditions where sampling would be implemented for disease management, the requisite conditions appear to be in place for a binomial sampling plan for downy mildew. 相似文献
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Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an important pest on cotton, fruit trees, tea and many other crops in China. Its small eggs are often laid inside plant tissues, making them difficult to detect and survey. In this study, the stalks of 20 plant species were assessed for use as oviposition traps for A. lucorum under field conditions in 2013, 2014 and 2017. During 2013–2014, A. lucorum adults laid eggs in the stalks of all plant species tested. When honey was added to bundles of stalks, the numbers of A. lucorum eggs laid in the stalks increased 1.79- to 44.00-fold compared with the stalks of the same plants without honey added. In general, the plant stalks of cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. and scandent hop Humulus scandens (Lour) Merr. attracted a great number of eggs among all plant species tested. In 2017, a positive correlation was found between the number of A. lucorum eggs laid in cotton plant stalks and A. lucorum adults in the corresponding field plots. Oviposition traps using cotton plant stalks provide a simple and practical method for monitoring the egg-laying dynamics of A. lucorum under field conditions. 相似文献
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Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop 
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下载免费PDF全文 Newly emerging or re‐emerging diseases are a constant and significant threat to agricultural production, so prompt and accurate identification of the causative agents is required for rapid and appropriate disease management. Classical methods of pathogen detection can be successfully supplemented by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), whereby sequence analysis can help in the discovery of new or emerging diseases. In 2007, hop growers in Slovenia reported the appearance of severely stunted hop plants, a phenomenon that spread rapidly within hop gardens and among farms. Classical diagnostic methods were unable to detect a new pathogen; therefore, single step high‐throughput parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNAs from plants with and without symptoms was employed to identify a novel pathogen. The sequences were assembled de novo and also mapped to reference genomes, resulting in identification of a novel sequence of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in the stunted hop plants. Furthermore, the presence of this novel pathogen on hop was confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis of 59 plants with symptoms from 15 hop gardens, representing the main outbreak locations identified by systematic disease monitoring, and small RNA Illumina sequencing of the bulked RNA sample. The high infectivity of the newly identified CBCVd was also confirmed by biolistic inoculation of two hop cultivars, which developed aggressive symptoms in controlled conditions. This study shows the feasibility of deep sequencing for the identification of causative agents of new diseases in hop and other plants. 相似文献
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The in vitro production of extracellular polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, and cellulase by hop isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum was studied. A total of 24 isolates belonging to the two pathotypes commonly described as fluctuating or progressive, according to the symptoms produced in certain susceptible hop cultivars, were grown in liquid shake cultures. The media used contained glucose, pectin or acetone-extracted hop tissue as a carbon source. The production of all three enzymes was significantly correlated with pathotype when the medium contained hop tissue. Pectin lyase production was also correlated with pathotype when pectin was used as the carbon source. The influence of carbon source on enzyme output and possible reasons for some exceptions to the correlations observed are discussed. 相似文献
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Sebastjan Radišek Jernej Jakše Branka Javornik 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(4):301-314
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium albo-atrum or V. dahliae, is an important disease of many worldwide crop species. In Europe, V. albo-atrum isolates infecting hop express different levels of virulence, inducing mild or lethal disease syndromes, and it is therefore an attractive model for studying the virulence of this pathogen. In this work, eleven amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations were used to analyze genetic variability among 55 V. albo-atrum hop isolates from four European hop growing regions, as well as isolates from other hosts and V. dahliae isolates. Cluster analysis divided V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae isolates into two well-separated groups. Within the V. dahliae cluster, isolates were separated without host specific grouping, although no host adapted isolates were included. In V. albo-atrum, the alfalfa isolates were distinct from isolates of other hosts, where a high association with virulence was observed in hop and tomato isolates. All lethal hop isolates were genetically different from mild hop isolates. The lethal hop isolates from England and Slovenia expressed the same virulence phenotype, although they showed a different AFLP pattern. The mild hop isolates formed two subgroups, to which isolates clustered irrespective of geographical location. These data suggest multiple origins of V. albo-atrum hop isolates, and the possible appearance of new virulent isolates in the future in other hop growing regions. 相似文献