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1.
M R Putnam 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》1989,5(2):325-344
Because a significant number of toxins affect food animal reproduction, the investigating clinician should be aware of their presence and action. If the clinician is confronted with infertility and abortions, the biotoxins, plant estrogens, nitrates, fescue, and selenium-accumulating plants should be considered. The region of the country will limit the considerations. Outbreaks of congenital defects should prompt the clinician to check for the presence and consumption of the teratogenic plants found in the region. Investigation of toxins affecting food animal reproduction always should be done in the total context of infectious and management causes. Proper understanding of suspected toxins is necessary for correct interpretation of toxins affecting reproduction. 相似文献
2.
Intradermal testing has been practiced for decades in human and veterinary medicine. The primary utility of intradermal testing is in the demonstration of IgE-mediated allergen hypersensitivity. The presence of a positive reaction on an intradermal test is not always indicative of allergy, as it may sometimes be an indication of sub-clinical hypersensitivity. Despite its widespread use by veterinary dermatologists, the usefulness of the intradermal test would be greatly enhanced by the use of standardized allergen extracts and homogeneous criteria for the interpretation of results. Irrespective of these shortcomings, intradermal testing is regarded as a valuable tool in the demonstration of allergen-specific hypersensitivity when performed according to accepted guidelines. 相似文献
3.
Assays of cellular immunity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R D Schultz 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1982,181(10):1169-1176
Numerous cellular assays are available to study the response or activities of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in domestic species. When the assays, most developed originally to study rodent or human cells, are adapted to the cells of domestic species, minor or major modifications have been necessary. Furthermore, interpretation of results of the assays with cells from domestic species are not always consistent with those obtained in the original system, and it should not be expected that the assays will always provide results that can be interpreted similarly among species. Application and additional experience with these techniques, as well as new techniques, will provide a foundation for our understanding of the importance of cellular mechanisms in immunity of domestic species. 相似文献
4.
Stegen D 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,110(5):193-196
The judgement of the German Constitutional Court from February the 15th in 2002 allows Moslems to perform ritual slaughter, provided that they can state compelling religious reasons. Animal protection was assessed just as a public interest in contrast to the constitutional rights of religious and professional freedom. However this can not be kept up any more as it is aimed to integrate animal protection into the German constitutional law. The authorities now have the duty to investigate each request for ritual slaughter carefully. This investigation must include a close look at the compelling religious reasons, the expert knowledge of the applicant (which includes stunning methods), the local facilities of the slaughterhouse and which is more for whom the meat is for. It is also important whether the animal is slaughtered for sacrificial or commercial reasons. Furthermore the consequences which threaten the religious community, if their members don't live according to the rules, have to be shown. Electric stunning and the fact that it is accepted by Islamic authorities has also to be pointed out. It seems to be possible to turn down a request for ritual slaughter referring that to the fact that animal protection is aimed to be part of the constitutional law. 相似文献
5.
In wound management, the first consideration is first aid, and the primary aim must be to minimize further tissue damage. Definitive care includes cleaning, debridement, and repair procedures. Saline solution is the key to cleaning; antibiotics and antiseptics are not always indicated. Debridement should be done surgically. The wound is then managed by primary closure or delayed primary closure, or it is left open to heal by contraction and epithelialization. 相似文献
6.
Advances in immunoparasitology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E J Soulsby 《Veterinary parasitology》1985,18(4):303-319
A selective review of the advances in immunoparasitology is presented. It is selective simply because it is not feasible to embrace the whole field of parasitology within the compass of a single review paper, for if it were attempted, it would suffer undue abbreviation. Emphasis is placed on the advances in helminthology and especially the gastro-intestinal parasites of ruminants, an obvious selection because of the interests of the author. Reviews are always somewhat retrospective in outlook; to write a review at the present time is especially foolhardy since developments in biology are such that totally new concepts can arise almost overnight, as it were. This is a particularly healthy state, and the discipline of parasitology is caught up in the application and interpretation of molecular biological considerations. "Parasitism" is a field of increasing importance and challenge. 相似文献
7.
安丽娜 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2008,(3):129-132
20世纪80年代出现的寻根文学是新时期文学发展的一次重要探索。它对于新时期文学的意义是巨大而深远的。它提供了政治话语写作以外的另一种写作范式,指明了小说可以朝着无限广阔的文化领域进军,召唤着作家大胆借鉴新的创作资源。当它为后人提供可资借鉴的学术资源时,也存在着许多不足。文中主要从“寻根文学”的渊源、背景、理论、作家作品及所受到的外来影响等多方面试图对寻根文学做一次较为全面的梳理和把握。 相似文献
8.
S Hetts 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1991,21(2):369-387
The best means of providing for the physical and psychologic well-being of animals maintained in captive environments for research, teaching, testing, and exhibition is a problem being debated by scientists, veterinarians, animal rights and welfare groups, zoos, and others. Even a cursory examination of this question reveals its complexity and the inherited difficulties not only in assessing an animal's well-being but also in designing housing environments and implementing enforceable regulations. Assessment of well-being should not be based on a single category of measures but rather on a variety of physiologic and behavioral parameters. Most behavioral (and physiologic) methods used to assess well-being have problems of quantitation and interpretation. Preference tests and the application of economic demand theory to welfare assessment are examples of improved behavioral methodology, but much more research is needed on dogs and other species so that animal care and use guidelines can be based on objective data rather than on controversial opinions. 相似文献
9.
Four normal cats were treated weekly for 4 weeks with repositol methylprednisolone. Hemograms, serum chemistry panels, urinalyses, 24 hour water consumption, physical and constitutional parameters, and blood cortisol responses to ACTH stimulation were monitored before and during a day were done prior to steroid therapy on each cat. Clinicopathologic abnormalities induced by steroid therapy were, on the whole, inconsistent and minor. The most important findings were: (1) marked steroid-induced suppression of blood cortisol responses to ACTH, and (2) a circadian rhythm of blood cortisol production that was opposite to that of humans and dogs. 相似文献
10.
This article is the second in a review series about infectious disease diagnostics and summarises serological testing techniques, diagnostic test validation and result interpretation. It highlights the requirement for results to be interpreted with testing limitations in mind and in conjunction with the case's clinical presentation. With these foundations, the treating clinician should always be well placed to deal with equine infectious diseases. 相似文献
11.
在打击职务犯罪过程中贯彻宽严相济刑事政策是构建和谐社会的题中应有之义。我国现行的职务犯罪立法存在着贪污罪构成标准过高、渎职罪成立条件过严、贿赂罪法网设置过松及死刑作用夸大、资格刑功能错位、罚金刑地位缺失等宽严失调的现象,故必须从立法降低贪污罪的构成标准、放宽渎职罪的成立条件、严密贿赂罪的法网设置及废止死刑、改造资格刑、增设罚金刑等。 相似文献
12.
Diagnostic testing is routinely performed by the equine clinician when dealing with suspected infectious disease cases and outbreaks. Optimal sample timing, choice and handling are fundamental to attain an accurate diagnosis, and a good understanding of laboratory-based sample analysis techniques, and their validation is necessary for effective diagnostic test result interpretation. This two-part series highlights the importance of interpreting results bearing testing limitations and specific clinical findings in mind, and on these foundations, the treating clinician should always be well placed to deal with equine infectious diseases. Part 1 in this series will provide a treating clinician with an overview of the importance of testing horses in infectious disease outbreaks and how this is achieved. The different laboratory testing options available for agent detection and their methods will also be discussed. Part 2 will summarise serological (antibody) testing techniques, sample processing (including how tests are performed and validated) and result interpretation. 相似文献
13.
G van Putten 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(6):225-228
The regulation for the keeping of pigs from 1988 acknowledges in principle only results of research, induced by long term problems in pig husbandry. Therefore it is only relevant for problems, that became apparent at least ten years earlier. Group housing for sows is not taken into consideration in the regulation. However, in the near future veterinarians will be expected to produce an opinion about the welfare of sows kept in group housing systems. In the houses for pregnant sows and in the ones for farrowing sows and for sows with piglets, problems can be expected resulting from group housing. Practice is not always according the nice theory, telling us, that sows want a place on their own for farrowing. Thus it can be difficult to end up with one sow in one farrowing nest. If piglets leave the farrowing nest to early, they will not be able to recognize their own sow amidst the group of others. This results in "multisuckling", with its large number of runts. However, group housing expects every piglet to stay with its own sow. In considering the welfare of sows kept in group housing systems a veterinarian will have to ask himself again and again, whether the sows are able to cope with the presented situation. The same counts for the piglets. 相似文献
14.
The laboratory evaluation of abdominal, thoracic, and pericardial effusions is a useful diagnostic tool for the assessment of disease states that result in fluid accumulation. Although the numeric values pertaining to cell count and protein content are important, the microscopic evaluation is a critical aspect of the diagnostic procedure; not only does it allow complete classification of the fluid but it allows identification of specific cell types or microorganisms that might be responsible for the fluid accumulation. These findings should always be interpreted in conjunction with the history, signalment, physical findings, and other diagnostic aids in making a definitive diagnosis. 相似文献
15.
To identify causes of mortality in young captive crocodiles, detailed necropsy and laboratory examination was done on 54 (30 Crocodylus porosus, 22 C. novaeguineae, 2 of unrecorded species). Although multiple infections often confounded interpretation it was concluded that the major infectious diseases, of approximately equal importance, were coccidiosis, bacterial septicaemia with Gram-negative organisms, and metazoan parasitism including ascariasis and pentastomiasis. A range of other lesions and agents was recognised, including keratitis, enteritis of unknown aetiology, non-suppurative encephalitis, traumatic peritonitis and trematodes located in renal tubules, gut and blood vessels. Some crocodiles in poor condition had only mild lesions associated with metazoan parasites and the cause of death or illness could not be clearly determined, although it was considered likely that adaptation failure was a contributing factor. 相似文献
16.
17.
Kluge HG 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,108(3):90-93
section 16 a of the Animal Protection Act presents difficulties from a number of points of view. What applies here in particular also applies to the Animal Protection Act in general. A look at the rulings of the Federal Administrative Court, which has only issued about twelve judgements regarding the Animal Protection Act, shows that a large number of elements of this act are still in need of final interpretation. One of the principal reasons for this seems to be that disputes involving this act only relatively rarely come up before the administrative courts. Furthermore, this legal provision has shortcomings and it not entirely easy to implement. section 16 a of the Animal Protection Act should at least be improved from the legal technical point of view. There is scope for this to be done. Legislators must use this scope within the meaning of animal protection defined in the law--an issue which is of great concern to us all. 相似文献
18.
Durham AE Newton JR Smith KC Hillyer MH Hillyer LL Smith MR Marr CM 《Equine veterinary journal》2003,35(6):542-547
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Results of noninvasive tests of liver disease do not always correlate with the degree of hepatic disease nor outcome of the case. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of data collected using noninvasive tests during the investigation of cases of suspected liver disease in mature horses. HYPOTHESIS: Much of the data gathered during the investigation of suspected hepatopathy cases offers little prognostic guidance and interpretation of such data can be misleading. METHODS: The results from a range of common and noninvasive diagnostic techniques applied in 116 mature horses with suspected liver disease, were assessed for their ability to predict survival within a 6 month period. RESULTS: A significantly poorer prognosis was found in association with clinical signs suggestive of liver disease, presence of hepatic encephalopathy, ultrasonographic abnormalities, increased serum globulins, increased total bile acids (TBA), increased alkaline phosphatase (AP), increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), erythrocytosis, leucocytosis, low serum albumin and low serum urea. Additional significant novel findings of interest included an association between increased plasma fibrinogen and low serum creatinine concentrations with nonsurvival in cases of liver disease, an association between raised serum concentrations of AP and gammaGT with biliary hyperplasia and also an association between hepatic fibrosis, haemosiderosis and biliary hyperplasia with ultrasonographically detected hepatic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: The most useful noninvasive prognostic test in cases of suspected liver disease in mature horses is the severity of clinical signs. Other data may be of some limited prognostic value. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Application of the findings in this study may not be directly applicable to other case populations. However, the findings should at least be considered when prognosis is based on similar criteria. 相似文献
19.
Using a newly formulated selective medium containing cefoperazone, we isolated 72 Campylobacter strains in fecal samples from 397 diarrheic dogs and cats. Of these, 39 were thermophilic catalase-negative Campylobacter species. We identified these Campylobacter strains by DNA:DNA hybridization, using digoxigenin-labeled total genomic DNA of 4 Campylobacter reference strains (C jejuni, C coli, C lari, and C upsaliensis) as a probe. The labeling was done with a commercially available kit. We could identify 66 of the 72 Campylobacter isolates to the species level with this method; identification with probes always agreed with conventional test results. Of the 66 identified strains, 33 were C upsaliensis and 33 were C jejuni. Six isolates could not be assigned to a known species with probes or conventional tests. On the basis of our findings, C upsaliensis is more resistant to cefoperazone than to cephalothin, thereby explaining the unexpected recovery of these campylobacters on cephalosporin-containing media. 相似文献
20.
Andrea A Bohn Robert J Callan 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2007,23(3):443-79, vi
Diagnostic cytology can greatly aid the clinician in determining a more refined diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan to serve the client and patient better. Sample collection is not difficult and can be done in the field as well as in a hospital setting. The collection and sample handling procedures described in this article can help the clinician to obtain diagnostically valuable samples. In many cases, preliminary cytologic evaluation can be performed by the general practitioner. Additional diagnostic evaluation and interpretation are readily available from trained pathologists at diagnostic laboratories. 相似文献