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地域性是聚居景观的本质特征和根本属性,传统地域文化景观是地域性的具体体现和载体,也是认识和理解地域性的重要途径。以丹巴县梭坡乡嘉绒藏族的地域景观为研究案例,从地域文化、地形地貌、水系及利用、林地生境、建筑与聚落、土地利用肌理等6个层面来解读当地文化景观的核心环节,揭示丹巴嘉绒藏族传统地域聚居景观的特征图解。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(10)
【目的】根据传统聚落景观基因理论,构建大研古镇景观基因指标体系,并识别提取其景观基因特征,分析传统聚落的地域景观特质。旨在从文化地理学视角认识和保护传统聚落的景观基因,拓展景观基因理论的应用领域与内容体系,并为大研古镇的旅游开发和景观基因保护提供科学依据。【方法】以景观基因理论为指导,选取丽江大研古镇为研究对象,结合实地调研、历史文献资料查阅等研究方法,从物质形态基因与文化承载基因两方面构建大研古镇景观基因指标体系。综合运用景观基因的构成属性与提取方法,将大研古镇景观基因分为主体基因、附着基因、混合基因与变异基因,识别传统聚落的地域文化特质。【结果】大研古镇的物质形态基因可从环境特征、民居建筑、公共空间、官府衙署4个角度考量,文化承载基因可以从纳西文化、茶马文化、宗教信仰、曲艺舞蹈、节庆习俗5个角度考量。然后根据景观基因的构成属性识别提取结果为:东巴文化、纳西古乐、纳西民居凝聚了古镇的文化精髓,成为核心影响因素,是古镇的主体景观基因;木府、四方街、三眼井与桥市空间是依附于纳西文化而存在的附着基因,并对大研古镇的主体景观基因起到补充作用;背山面水的村落选址与顺水布街有机生长的空间格局是混合基因;富有纳西民族特色的"三朵节"是大研古镇的变异基因。【结论】少数民族传统聚落景观基因的形成及演变,是其权利机制与文化演变的体现。通过提取与识别大研古镇传统聚落的景观基因,可揭示与凝练地域文化的人文地理性和传统聚落的社会文化性。 相似文献
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太谷县范村镇上安古村是山西传统村落中的典型代表,具有鲜明的建筑风格和聚落格局。采用实地考察与理论分析相结合的方法,对该聚落的选址思想、布局特征、街巷组织及民居的建筑形制、空间组织、宅院入口等的形态特征等进行分析,展现其具明显地域特色的古村落风貌,以对传统村落的研究与保护提供参考。 相似文献
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当前城市化背景对传统村落人文特色与地域景观的保留及延续提出了 新要求 。 以浙江省丽水市高坪乡箍桶丘 村为研究对象 ,通过构建箍桶丘村景观基因指标体系 ,识别村落景观基因特征 ,并针对基因特征提出村落活化路径 。识别 结果显示:村落环境特征基因为"山水村田景”的自然式村落 ,环境资源丰富:布局特征基因中聚落形态和街巷布局方式多 样 ,需进 一步梳理:建筑特征基因反映明清建筑与建筑平面形态特征保留较好 ,整体村落风貌遭受侵蚀:文化特征基因仍有 延续 ,需继续挖掘突出 。 因此 ,对箍桶丘村活化提出四条路径:利用环境 ,协同资源:激活聚落 ,喜溢邻里:重塑立面 ,风貌管 控:延续经典 ,文脉传承。 相似文献
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指出了研究地域历史街区建筑有助于挖掘民族历史文化及其内涵。为了挖掘传统建筑文化、探讨其空间布局和建筑特点,以及目前老街存在的问题。以四川省大竹县城老街为研究区,通过实地踏勘和问卷调研等方式,分析了大竹老街建筑空间布局及特征、历史文脉、旧城老街改造中存在的问题。总结提出了老城改造的规划思路:保护街道肌理,增加公共空间;延续传统建筑格局--新旧融合;以绿化景观彰显地域特色;延续传统文化,传承城市记忆。研究结果对文化传承和乡村振兴具有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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田园综合体是"乡村振兴战略"的主要抓手,也是地域文化的重要载体。在地域文化越来越受到人们关注的今天,田园综合体的建设更加需要注重地域文化的传承。本文从地域文化的基本概念和内涵出发,阐述了田园综合体表达地域文化的意义,分析了地域文化在田园综合体规划设计中的表达要点,并以广东高州丁颖农业谷规划设计为例,探讨地域文化在田园综合体的功能定位、景观系统、空间场景、建筑聚落及植物配置等方面的表达方法。 相似文献
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《中国城市林业》2021,(5)
文章应用文献计量学的方法理论,综合运用SPSS、CiteSpace和VOSviewer,对中国知网期刊论文数据库近40年乡村聚落研究领域的文献特征、热点演化、发展趋势进行总结,得到以下结论:1)研究论文数量呈现指数增长模式,发文期刊分布集中,核心作者群尚未形成;2)研究热点涵盖微观、中观和宏观层面,研究领域多样化和边界模糊化;3)研究主题跨越3个阶段,呈现"乡村聚落—可持续发展—新农村建设—灾后重建—景观格局—演变更新"的时空演化路径;4)未来研究应构建跨学科、多尺度、多维度的框架体系,深入研究典型地域乡村聚落转型发展过程中的共性问题,探索提升绿色宜居乡村聚落建筑技术,聚焦可持续发展的乡村聚落生态景观,为乡村振兴提供本土化经验和范式。 相似文献
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指出了传统聚落在历史中的意义，从宗族关系、聚落形态、聚落势态、文化符号等方面探讨了礼制文化对鄂西传统民居聚落的影响。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献