共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
涌泉根灌在黄土坡地的水分运移规律试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了了解涌泉根灌这项微灌技术灌水后的水分运移情况,在野外黄土坡地利用剖面法对涌泉根灌在不同孔径、孔深条件下土壤水分运移规律进行了研究.结果表明,在不同孔径、孔深处理下,湿润体水平扩散半径、向上入渗距离和向下入渗深度有不同的影响,且均与时间有显著的幂函数关系;涌泉根灌停止后24 h内的土壤湿润体水平及竖直方向扩散相对变化超过了47%,湿润体平均含水量相对降低了30%;24 h后的扩散较小,平均含水量下降较小.涌泉根灌停止后24 h时的湿润体特征值可作为涌泉根灌系统设计的依据;推荐涌泉根灌适宜的孔洞深度为30~40 cm,孔径为φ6 cm.研究结果可为涌泉根灌技术的实际应用提供理论参考. 相似文献
2.
Albert J. Clemmens 《Agricultural Water Management》1981,3(4):251-267
A number of methods are discussed for obtaining a reasonable estimate of the infiltration function for irrigation borders. Data from ring infiltrometers are fit to power functions for infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration rate versus time and to a branch function where the infiltration rate is not allowed to go below some value (called the final infiltration rate). A volume balance within the border is used to adjust the data to give a better indication of the “average” infiltration conditions over the border. The results of Bouwer's method, which uses a series of borders as infiltrometers, were compared to the results of ring data for actual field data. Bower's method was also analyzed by developing advance and recession curves with the zero-inertia border-irrigation model with a known infiltration rate. The zero-inertia model was also used to examine the effect of different infiltration functions for specific examples (resulting from different irrigations or different estimation methods) on the application of water by surface irrigation. 相似文献
3.
棉花平膜灌溉的节水增产试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
何春梅 《中国农村水利水电》2003,(1):8-10
膜上灌较传统沟畦灌有较大的优越性，但由于覆膜改善了水流条件，灌水流速增大，当灌水流量大时，对灌水量难以控制，易产生余水，灌溉均匀度不易掌握；灌水流量小时，灌水时间太长，会与传统配水方法不协调等。平膜灌水法就是针对上述问题提出的，它是把沿田面坡度方向设置的灌水沟改为沿等高线走向布置，使水流在水平沟内流动，沟与地面全部采用地膜覆盖，灌水时，沟内的水量通过沟底渗水孔渗入土壤，达到湿润土壤的目的。新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院采用这种方法，在哈密、昌吉等地对小麦、棉花、玉米等作物进行了田间试验，证明该方法可有效解决膜上灌存在的问题。 相似文献
4.
根据精细灌溉的要求,采用零惯量模型和土壤入渗理论,开发建立了可进行畦灌水流运动模拟、灌水质量评价、灌水技术参数优化、利用灌溉试验资料率定糙率和入渗参数等功能的畦灌决策计算机服务系统,该系统可为灌区技术人员确定畦灌技术参数、指导灌水实践提供决策服务,也可作为科研人员研究节水灌溉的一种技术工具。 相似文献
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Border irrigation in Australia is characterised by excessive run-off and variable water use efficiencies. This paper discusses
an analytical irrigation model that, because of its simplicity, represents a tool for improving water management in border
irrigation. Infiltration data on four replicate 75-m2 plots were obtained from one irrigation of perennial pasture on a duplex, red-brown earth. Infiltration was characterised
by high initial and low final rates. Kostiakov, modified Kostiakov, Horton, Philip and linear infiltration functions were
fitted to the data. The linear function fitted the data well, and the parameters have physical interpretation. Consequently,
an analytical kinematic wave model of border irrigation that incorporates the linear infiltration function is discussed. The
analytical model was compared to more complex numerical models of border irrigation. The analytical model does not require
a computer and performed sufficiently well to have application for border irrigation management in the field.
Received: 6 January 1993 相似文献
6.
Infiltration characteristics for border strip irrigation at two sites with swelling clay soils were examined. Volume infiltrated was calculated from flow onto the field monitored with flow meters; depth of water in the soil estimated from soil samples taken before and after irrigation; and the advance profile which was used to calculate the volume infiltrated with time. Volume infiltrated was compared with volume of cracks before irrigation.Linear advance and observed crack closing supported the hypothesis that infiltration approached zero after about 10 min. Volume of cracks was less than 20% of the volume infiltrated. Wetting front was 3–10 times greater than depth of observed surface cracks. There was no significant correlation between intake opportunity time and depth of infiltration, but elevation irregularities were related to infiltration. 相似文献
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8.
《Agricultural Water Management》1997,34(2):169-185
The infiltration characteristics of a soil vary spatially and temporally, and due to this the available methods for estimating the characteristics in furrow irrigation are either not suitable or have restrictions for their field use. An optimization method based on the volume balance approach, originally developed for estimating infiltration parameters in border irrigation, and using multiple observations of arrival time of the wetting front was modified for furrow irrigation. The method was applied to 13 irrigation events on furrows monitored on a farm in northern New South Wales, Australia. The soil type at the experimental site has a high clay content (up to 67%) and develops cracks when dry. In addition to the optimization method, one-point and two-point methods using observations of arrival time reported in the literature were also used. The accuracy of different methods was evaluated by comparing the calculated total volume of water infiltrated into the furrow with that observed in the field. The optimization method was the most accurate and the one-point and the two-point were the least accurate among three methods considered in the present study. A possible explanation for a poor performance of the one-point and two-point methods might be related to the assumptions made in the derivation of the methods and the unsuitability of the Philip and the Kostiakov infiltration equations used for the field condition in the present study. 相似文献
9.
《灌溉排水学报》2019,(11)
【目的】准确获取阿克苏河下游区灌溉入渗补给系数,对该区灌溉入渗补给系数的影响因素进行分析,为绿洲带高强度人工灌溉模式下地表水地下水转化机理研究,提高研究区地下水数值模拟精度提供基础。【方法】选取阿克苏下游区不同灌溉制度、包气带厚度、土壤结构下代表性点进行野外取样及室内灌溉试验,并结合Hydrus-1d进行包气带水流数值模拟,通过改变灌溉制度、包气带厚度,应用Hydrus-1d模型计算该土壤结构下的灌溉入渗补给系数变化。在模型计算结果的基础上,首先分析灌溉制度、包气带厚度与灌溉入渗补给系数的关系;其后重点利用模型计算结合数理统计的方法分析土壤结构中影响灌溉入渗补给系数的主要因素。【结果】研究区内滴灌条件下灌溉入渗补给系数的范围为0.320～0.474;畦灌条件下灌溉入渗补给系数的范围为0.408～0.561,即不同灌溉制度下灌溉入渗补给系数不同;而伴随包气带厚度增大,灌溉入渗补给系数也随之减小;土壤结构对灌溉入渗补给的主要影响因素为土壤渗透系数、土壤体积质量、土壤初始含水率。【结论】根据室内试验结合数值模型计算出不同灌溉制度下的灌溉入渗补给系数变化范围,得出灌溉入渗补给系数的影响因素为灌溉制度、包气带厚度和反映土壤结构的土壤渗透系数、土壤体积质量及土壤初始含水率,为干旱区下游区灌溉入渗补给系数选取及后续研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
《Agricultural Water Management》1998,36(3):201-211
The research assessed the necessity for modification of management variables when treated wastewater (TW) is used for an existing border irrigation in lieu of normal water (NW). The infiltration parameters, characterized by Kostiakov equation, for normal water and treated wastewater were firstly obtained utilizing the double-cylinder infiltrometer. Secondly, the performance parameters considering the low quarter concept were computed through simulations for certain ranges of input data which included three roughness coefficients; three field slopes; three applied depths; and two field lengths. The zero inertia model was utilized to simulate flow along free outflow borders with longitudinal slope. The infiltration rate and consequently its amount were found to decrease with application of treated wastewater. The declined infiltration led to a decrease in the application efficiency equal to nearly 15% as a contrast to an increase in the runoff ratio from 7% for normal water to 31% for treated water. Moreover, the low quarter depths were 150 and 125 mm for normal water and treated water, respectively, indicating that there was less water stored in the field low quarter. It was ultimately evident that the management parameters, application rate and time, need to be modified when treated wastewater is alternatively used in lieu of normal water for which the system was supposedly designed to obtain maximum efficiency. 相似文献
11.
In order to improve the irrigation efficiencies of small farms employing cavity wells for their water supply, an experimental study was conducted at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal. The cavity wells of the Karnal region do not have any discharge regulating devices for improving the irrigation efficiencies. The only way of improving these efficiencies is by designing an efficient irrigation layout, so that uniform water application is accomplished. The present study involves field determination of the opportunity time at each point along the border from advance and recession curves and computing the depth of cumulative infiltration from the infiltration rate curve. The irrigation efficiencies are also calculated from soil moisture measurements made before and after each irrigation.The results of this study show that a realistic field assessment of the irrigated border efficiencies is obtained through a soil moisture measurement procedure. The procedure, based on opportunity time and infiltration, overestimates the irrigation efficiencies due to the empirical nature of the infiltration equation. For small farms, with a limited discharge of 10 l/s, an irrigation layout of borders of 50–70 m in length and 6–8 m in width is recommended. 相似文献
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Summary A numerical model is developed to solve kinematic wave equations of border irrigation. This model accommodates transient infiltration, which may be defined by any of the well known infiltration models. Test runs, performed using different incremental values of time and space, were found to give results within 5% of one another, thus showing the stability of the numerical model. The conservation of volume of water was satisfied within 1% error at different values of time and space. Three sample data sets from field experiments were used to analyze the numerical model. 相似文献
17.
地下水浅埋下层状土壤波涌畦灌间歇入渗模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为进一步揭示地下水浅埋下的层状土波涌畦灌间歇入渗机制,通过试验资料分析与理论研究,建立了波涌灌间歇入渗条件下的层状土Brook-Corey和Green-Ampt（BC-GA）改进入渗模型,推导出层状土间歇入渗湿润锋面水吸力与湿润锋运移深度的函数关系,确定了含砂层内部土壤饱和导水率、进气吸力是层状土间歇入渗运移距离变化的主要影响参数。周期数增大,上层土壤饱和导水率减小,饱和含水率减小,进气吸力增大,夹砂层内部仅进气吸力随周期数增加而增大。根据BC-GA模型计算不同埋深的含砂层土壤间歇入渗特性及湿润锋运移特性,对比分析指出,周期数增加,相同含砂层埋深下的累积入渗量减小,湿润锋运移距离增大;含砂层埋深增加,相同供水周期的累积入渗量增大,湿润锋增大;供水周期达到最大时,含砂层埋深对累积入渗量和湿润锋运移距离影响减小。 相似文献
18.
考虑初始含水率沿程不均匀分布的畦灌技术要素调控 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
畦田土壤初始含水率是影响灌水质量的重要因素之一,由降雨产流导致的畦田土壤含水率沿程不均匀分布是华北平原农田常见的现象。为探究土壤初始含水率空间变异性对畦灌水流运动以及灌水质量的影响,本文开展一维土柱入渗试验与二维土槽灌溉试验,结合WinSRFR地面灌溉模拟模型,优化求解初始含水率沿程不均匀条件下的畦灌技术要素。结果表明：畦田土壤初始含水率沿程增幅越大,畦灌田面水流推进速度越快,田面水流消退速度越慢;相较于初始含水率均匀分布,畦田土壤初始含水率沿程不均匀分布条件下,灌水效率和灌水均匀度有所下降,储水效率无明显变化;当畦田土壤初始含水率沿程增加时,灌水效率和储水效率受畦田长度、入畦单宽流量及改水成数的影响,而灌后土壤水分均匀度仅受畦田长度和单宽流量的影响;当畦田土壤初始含水率沿程由0.189 0 m3/m3均匀增大至0.464 3 m3/m3时,畦田长度L为85 m、改水成数G为6、单宽流量q为7.0 L/(m·s)时可取得最优灌水质量。本研究结果可为降雨产流带来的畦田土壤初始含水率不均匀条件下的灌水技... 相似文献
19.
畦灌土壤入渗参数的空间变异性及其对灌水质量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对畦灌,研究了Kostiakov模型入渗系数K和入渗指数α的空间变异性及其对灌水质量的影响。根据2008年在河北吴桥进行的棉花播前灌水试验数据,采用最优模式搜索技术估算土壤入渗参数并分析其空间变异性,进而采用地面灌溉模拟软件SRFR模拟了土壤入渗参数空间变异性对灌水质量的影响。结果表明,当其它灌水技术要素相同时,灌水均匀度和灌水效率对K和α的响应关系均为单峰型二次曲线。K的稳定区间较大,α的稳定区间较小,当二者在小值范围内变化时,灌水质量的波动较为平缓;当二者在大值范围内波动时,会引起灌水质量的急剧变化。因此,在畦灌设计过程中,土壤入渗参数的差异性不容忽视。 相似文献
20.
多点源滴灌条件下土壤水分运移模拟试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了指导密植作物的滴灌系统合理设计,通过室内物理试验模拟了多点源滴灌条件下土壤水分运移过程,重点研究了不同滴头流量下交汇湿润体内的土壤水分时空动态分布规律．多点源滴灌条件下土壤水分运动遵循先点源入渗、再湿润锋交汇和最后形成湿润带的规律．灌水结束时,土壤水分分布呈现湿润体上部复杂、下部相对简单的特征．湿润体上部,在滴头下方存在土壤含水率相对较高的区域,2个滴头之间近地表处存在土壤含水率相对较低的区域;湿润体下部同一深度土层上的含水率有趋于一致的趋势．灌水结束后,由于土壤水分再分布,同一深度土层上含水率差异逐渐减小．灌水量相同条件下,灌水结束时,滴头流量小的入渗深度较大,湿润体内土壤平均含水率较低;灌水结束后,受土壤水分再分配的作用,不同滴头流量下入渗深度的差异较灌水结束时有所减小． 相似文献