共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
选取两种益生菌(巨大芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌)分别与化肥和蚓粪配施,研究了蚓粪和益生菌配施对设施蔬菜地土壤化学性状、酶活性及菠菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:在等养分条件下与单施化肥相比,蚓粪能够显著提高土壤有效磷含量及p H值,降低速效钾、铵态氮含量及EC值,有利于土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性的提高,有效改善菠菜品质;与单施蚓粪相比,益生菌与蚓粪配施不仅显著提高土壤硝态氮含量、蔗糖酶活性,还增加了土壤EC值,提高了菠菜可溶性糖、蛋白及维生素C含量,且解淀粉芽孢杆菌配施蚓粪还增加了菠菜产量;而益生菌配施化肥对菠菜产量增加和品质改善效果不及益生菌配施蚓粪效果显著。综合比较两种益生菌和蚓粪配施效果,以蚓粪配施解淀粉芽孢杆菌对土壤性状改善和蔬菜产量、品质提高效果最好。 相似文献
2.
施用蚯蚓粪对杨树苗根际土壤生物学特征的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽试验,研究了CF(单施化肥)、VC(蚯蚓粪)和VC+CF(蚯蚓粪和化肥各提供50%的氮)处理对一年生欧美I-107杨根际土壤微生物数量、酶活性、根系建造水平及理化性状的影响。结果表明,VC+CF处理有利于协调土壤C/N比,并且化肥的施入补充了土壤中氮的消耗,从而明显提高了根际土壤中微生物数量及脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性,其中细菌数量分别比CK,CF和VC处理提高165.99%,67.34%和31.73%,蔗糖酶活性分别提高90.37%,45.31%和32.34%。施用蚯蚓粪有利于杨树苗细根的生长,但对地上部的增长速度显著快于地下部。此外,VC+CF处理使根际土壤pH值明显降低,显著增加了根际土壤中养分离子的有效性。与VC+CF处理相比,VC处理对根际土壤生物学特征的影响较小。因此,蚯蚓粪与化肥配施更好地改善了杨树苗根际区域的微生态环境。 相似文献
3.
蚯蚓粪配施化肥对玉米根际土壤生物学特征的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
[目的]探讨蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对玉米根际土壤生物学性状的作用效果,为土壤培肥制度的建立与玉米的合理施肥提供理论依据。[方法]通过大田试验,研究CF(单施化肥)、VC(蚯蚓粪)与VC+CF(蚯蚓粪和化肥各提供50%的氮)等处理对玉米根系分泌物、根际土壤微生物数量、酶活性与腐殖质组成的影响。[结果]同CF处理相比,VC+CF处理显著提高了根系分泌物含量,并明显提高了根际土壤中微生物数量、微生物量碳含量及脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶活性,其中细菌数分别较CK,CF与VC处理提高124.32%,62.99%和15.45%,脲酶活性分别高出44.27%,23.53%和12.50%。此外,VC+CF处理亦显著提高了根际土壤中胡敏酸、富里酸含量和胡/富比。同VC+CF处理相比,VC处理对玉米根际土壤生物学特征的影响较小。[结论]蚯蚓粪与化肥配施能较好地改善玉米根际区域的微生态环境。 相似文献
4.
基于等量养分条件,本试验研究了蚯蚓堆肥与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(X)和荧光假单胞菌(Y)两株不同功能益生菌配施对西瓜地土壤肥力和微生物特性的影响。结果表明,不论添加益生菌与否,蚯蚓堆肥较单施化肥或常规堆肥均提高了土壤速效养分含量,显著增加了土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性,其中土壤 NO3–-N 含量较常规堆肥提高了14.7%。益生菌的添加活化了土壤养分,增加了土壤细菌、放线菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和荧光假单胞菌数量,降低了土壤真菌数量,同时显著提高了土壤酶活性。各处理比较而言,蚯蚓堆肥配施益生菌在土壤速效养分含量、土壤微生物生物量及土壤酶活性上提升作用最为明显,其中蚯蚓堆肥配施混合益生菌处理(VCXY)的土壤细菌数量和蔗糖酶活性相较于常规堆肥配施混合益生菌处理(CDXY)分别提高了32.0%和14.4%。方差分析结果表明,蚯蚓堆肥和常规堆肥与益生菌在土壤速效磷、速效钾、微生物生物量碳、细菌数量、真菌数量、脲酶及蔗糖酶活性上存在显著交互作用。综上所述,蚯蚓堆肥与益生菌配施可显著促进土壤肥力和微生物活性的改善,可替代部分化肥用于设施蔬菜的绿色生产和土壤培肥。 相似文献
5.
《土壤》2016,(6)
基于等量养分条件,本试验研究了蚯蚓堆肥与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(X)和荧光假单胞菌(Y)两株不同功能益生菌配施对西瓜地土壤肥力和微生物特性的影响。结果表明,不论添加益生菌与否,蚯蚓堆肥较单施化肥或常规堆肥均提高了土壤速效养分含量,显著增加了土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性,其中土壤NO_3~–-N含量较常规堆肥提高了14.7%。益生菌的添加活化了土壤养分,增加了土壤细菌、放线菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和荧光假单胞菌数量,降低了土壤真菌数量,同时显著提高了土壤酶活性。各处理比较而言,蚯蚓堆肥配施益生菌在土壤速效养分含量、土壤微生物生物量及土壤酶活性上提升作用最为明显,其中蚯蚓堆肥配施混合益生菌处理(VCXY)的土壤细菌数量和蔗糖酶活性相较于常规堆肥配施混合益生菌处理(CDXY)分别提高了32.0%和14.4%。方差分析结果表明,蚯蚓堆肥和常规堆肥与益生菌在土壤速效磷、速效钾、微生物生物量碳、细菌数量、真菌数量、脲酶及蔗糖酶活性上存在显著交互作用。综上所述,蚯蚓堆肥与益生菌配施可显著促进土壤肥力和微生物活性的改善,可替代部分化肥用于设施蔬菜的绿色生产和土壤培肥。 相似文献
6.
设施蔬菜有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式对土壤线虫群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
7.
肥料配施枯草芽孢杆菌对夏玉米产量及养分利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
8.
有机无机肥配施对菠萝蜜种植土壤线虫群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究有机肥施用对菠萝蜜种植土壤线虫群落结构的影响，以马来西亚1号菠萝蜜嫁接苗为试验材料，设置CK（不施肥）、100CF（100%化肥）、30OM（30%有机肥+70%化肥）、50OM（50%有机肥+50%化肥）、70OM（70%有机肥+30%化肥）、100OM（100%有机肥）6个处理，比较不同施肥方式下菠萝蜜幼苗生长及土壤线虫群落的差异。结果表明：与不施肥和纯施化肥相比，有机-无机配施显著促进菠萝蜜幼苗生物量积累，增加土壤pH、有机质含量。其中食微线虫和杂食/捕食线虫的占比随着有机肥用量的增加呈增长趋势，而植食性线虫占比呈下降趋势。增施有机肥能显著提高土壤线虫多样性指数（H"）和均匀度指数（J"），土壤食物网以细菌主导的分解途径占更大比例。β多样性分析结果表明，除50OM和100CF处理构建的线虫群落结构相似外，其他处理的线虫群落结构差异显著。菠萝蜜幼苗地上部干重与土壤食细菌线虫丰度、有机质和pH呈显著正相关，而植食性线虫丰度与土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮含量和食微线虫丰度呈显著负相关。食细菌线虫丰度与土壤有机质和pH呈显著正相关。有机-无机配施能够提高土壤线虫多样性和均匀度，平衡不同食性线虫的占比，改善土壤养分，使土壤环境趋于健康，从而促进菠萝蜜生长。 相似文献
9.
采用定位施肥方式,连续多次在同一保护地块化肥减量配施牛粪,通过大棚蔬菜种植试验,设置对照(CK,单施复合肥2250 kg/hm2)、低(L,66.7%CK+有机肥30000 kg/hm2)、中(M,33.3%CK+有机肥4500kg/hm2)及高(H,单施有机肥60000 kg/hm2)4个不同化肥减量配施有机肥底肥处理,探究其对设施蔬菜土壤基础肥力、根系细菌、真菌、放线菌数量及作物产量、品质的影响。试验结果表明:随着化肥减量配施有机肥比例的增加,土壤(0~20 cm)全氮含量及有效磷含量也呈上升趋势,且随着定位试验栽培茬次的增多,各处理间差异性越来越大;与对照相比,化肥配施有机肥可以提高作物根系土壤细菌和放线菌数量,降低真菌数量;就产量和品质方面而言,整体以M处理效果最好,尤其第4茬辣椒相比对照增产12.37%,维生素C含量比对照显著提高33.52%。 相似文献
10.
蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳及微生物活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨施用蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳与微生物活性的作用效果,通过大田试验,研究CK(对照,不施肥)、CF(单施化肥)、VC(蚯蚓粪)和VC+CF(蚯蚓粪和化肥各提供50%的氮)等处理对豇豆土壤活性有机碳、碳库管理指数(CPMI)、微生物量碳氮及微生物呼吸、代谢熵的影响。结果表明,与CF相比,施用蚯蚓粪处理的活性、中活性和高活性有机碳含量均显著升高。VC+CF的活性有机碳含量与CPMI明显高于其它处理,较CF分别高出30.38%和36.69;同时,微生物量碳、氮含量亦显著高于其它处理。此外,VC+CF还明显增强了土壤微生物呼吸作用,但降低了代谢熵,其中土壤微生物呼吸分别比CK、CF和VC提高64.91%、36.23%和16.05%,而代谢熵分别下降10.85%、9.06%和5.32%。与VC+CF相比,VC对豇豆土壤的影响作用较小。相关性分析表明,土壤不同程度的活性有机碳、CPMI与微生物活性之间呈显著或极显著的相关性,各指标之间具有密切的内在联系。综上所述,蚯蚓粪与化肥配施能明显提高豇豆土壤的活性有机碳含量,且能显著增强土壤微生物活性。该研究为豇豆的合理施肥提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
Short-term vegetable crop production often involves frequent tillage and other farm activities that results in disturbed soil food web communities. A less disturbed soil community would have a more structured soil food web which contains soil fauna higher up in the food web hierarchy, thus higher integrity in soil nutrient cycling. The objective of this study is to examine if strip-till cover cropping and drenching soil with vermicompost tea could improve soil food web structure in a short-term agroecosystem. Two field trials were conducted in Waialua, HI, USA to evaluate the effect of strip-till planting of sunn hemp (SH, Crotalaria juncea) or crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) cover crops in a zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) cropping system. At zucchini planting, each cover crop plot was split to receive four soil treatments: fertilizer (F, chicken pellet), compost tea (CT), fertilizer plus compost tea (F + CT), and none. Compost tea was prepared from chicken manure based vermicompost aerated overnight in water at 1:10 (v:v). Planting of SH increased bacterivorous nematodes and suppressed plant-parasitic nematodes throughout both zucchini cropping cycles, but did not enhance the numbers of omnivorous or predatory nematodes. Crimson clover did not enhance beneficial nematodes nor suppress plant-parasitic nematodes. Adding CT to F suppressed the key plant-parasitic nematodes only at the initial stage of the zucchini growth, increased percentage of predatory or omnivorous nematodes only toward the end of zucchini crops, and increased the structure index at harvest in the first trial. Zucchini yield was increased by planting of SH but not by drenching of CT. Despite the benefits of CT in improving the soil food web structure, a correlation analysis revealed that zucchini yields were correlated to the reduction in the percentage of fungivorous nematodes at planting, an increase in the percentage of bacterivorous nematodes at harvest, and to reduction in the percentage of plant-parasitic nematodes at harvest. 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(18):2400-2412
A field experiment (1998 to 2010) investigated the effects of vermicompost (VC) and chemical fertilizer (CF) application alone or in combination on soil fertility status in arecanut. Vermicompost significantly increased the soil pH (6.3) over CF and integrated treatments (5.7–5.8). Greater soil organic carbon was noticed with VC (2.85–3.00%) than with CF (1.72–1.89%) and VC + CF (1.89–2.55%) in 2009. Soil test phosphorus (P) (mg kg–1) significantly increased with VC 200% nitrogen (N) equivalency (35.3) compared to other treatments (8.5–23.3) at the 0- to 30-cm depth in 2009. In 2003, soil test potassium (K) (mg kg–1) was significantly greater with CF at depths of both 0–30 cm (162–187) and 30–60 cm (172–214) than VC and control. Soil test K depleted with VC application in 2009. Application of VC significantly improved soil test calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) compared to CF, CF + VC, and control at 0–30 cm deep. Soil test values for micronutrients increased in 2009 compared to initial status. 相似文献
13.
In order to improve understanding of how long-term use of manure affects nitrogen cycling processes, the effects of multiple years of manure applications on abundance of protozoa and nematode community structure were assessed. Plots of a grass sward in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia were either left untreated or were treated with dairy manure slurry or fertilizer, each at 50 or 100 kg NH4-N ha−1, two to four times per year for six consecutive years. Nematode community structure and protozoan abundance were determined at 19 sample dates during the fourth (1997), fifth (1998) and sixth (1999) years of application. Protozoa, bacterivorous nematodes and fungivorous nematodes were consistently more abundant in soil treated with manure at both rates than in fertilized and untreated soil, indicating that microbial turnover and flux of nutrients through the soil food web was enhanced in manured soil relative to fertilized or untreated soil. The Maturity Index (MI) and the MI2-5 were both reduced by fertilization and manure, relative to the control. The MI for the manure treatment was lower than for the fertilizer treatment as a result of greater relative abundance of enrichment opportunist nematodes in manure-treated soil. Accordingly, the MI2-5 did not differ between the manure and fertilizer treatments, suggesting that with the exception of enrichment opportunists fertilizer and manure have similar effects on structural complexity of the soil food web.Populations of micro-fauna were also assessed through 1998 and 1999 in subplots that had been treated with manure or fertilizer for four years and stopped receiving manure or fertilizer in 1998, and in subplots given manure in 1998 that had previously either been fertilized or left untreated. Protozoa and bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes remained more abundant through 1998 and 1999 in previously manure-treated plots than in previously fertilized plots, indicating that the cumulative effects of manure application on enhancement of microbial production can be detected through at least two growing seasons after applications cease. Application of manure for one year to previously non-treated or fertilized soil raised the abundance of protozoa and bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes to levels comparable to continuously manured soil. 相似文献
14.
蚯蚓粪对杨树幼苗根系特性及氮素利用率的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过盆栽试验,研究了CF(单施化肥)、VC(蚯蚓粪)和VC+CF(蚯蚓粪和化肥各提供50%的氮)等处理对一年生欧美I—107杨根系形态特征、根系吸收面积及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,与CF处理相比,VC+CF处理显著提高了杨树幼苗的根系总根长、比根长、根系表面积、根系体积和根尖数,而根系直径却明显降低,其中根系总根长分别比CK,CF和VC处理提高161.70%,52.80%和14.79%;同时,VC+CF处理还显著提高了根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和根、茎、叶干物质量以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收量,并且使氮素利用率达到59.07%,分别比CF和VC处理提高57.35%和27.09%。此外,施肥对杨树幼苗地上部的增长速度明显快于根系。同VC+CF处理相比,VC处理对杨树苗根系形态特征、根系吸收面积及氮素利用率的影响较小。综合分析认为,蚯蚓粪与化肥配施对杨树幼苗的根系特性改善和养分吸收作用效果最佳。 相似文献
15.
熏蒸条件下有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜生长及养分利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于田间大棚试验,采用等量养分原则,分析生物有机肥、蚯蚓粪、鸡粪等不同有机肥部分替代化肥对西瓜生长、产量、品质以及养分利用的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,有机肥部分替代化肥均不同程度提高了西瓜叶绿素含量、光合性能、产量及品质,其中以蚯蚓粪与化肥配施效果最佳,其光合性能显著高于单施化肥,产量提高了33.63%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及维生素C含量分别增加了14.07%,14.47%和17.52%。有机肥部分替代化肥施肥处理的肥料利用率高于单施化肥,土壤养分元素依存率低于单施化肥,以蚯蚓粪配施化肥作用效果最为显著,氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为26.02%,5.67%和29.89%,土壤氮、磷、钾素依存率分别为20.96%,20.32%和31.55%。熏蒸处理的西瓜枯萎病发病率整体低于未熏蒸处理,其中熏蒸条件下蚯蚓粪部分替代化肥施肥处理西瓜发病率最低,仅为4.76%。 相似文献
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The impacts of waste crumb rubber soil amendment on nematode abundance, community structure and soil characteristics were studied in pot grown Lolium perenne L. Three treatments, no crumb rubber (CK), 10% and 15% crumb rubber (CR), were arranged in a randomized complete design. After 3 months’ turfgrass growth, soil nematodes were extracted and identified to genus level, and populations of total, bacterivorous, fungivorous, omnivorous, predatory and plant parasite nematodes were counted. Genus diversity, richness, evenness, plant parasite index (PPI) and maturity index (MI) were calculated to compare nematode community structure. Thirteen genera of soil nematodes in all treatments were identified, of which Helicotylenchus was dominant. Crumb rubber incorporation significantly decreased plant parasite and omnivorous nematode populations, but increased the abundance of predatory nematodes. However, fungivorous and bacterivorous nematode populations were not significantly affected by crumb rubber amendment. Pots treated with 15% CR had the lowest number of plant parasite, omnivorous nematodes and the highest number of fungivorous, predatory nematodes. Shannon's diversity index (H′), evenness (J′), PPI and PPI/MI reduced in pots receiving crumb rubber, whereas dominace (λ) and maturity index (MI) increased in crumb rubber treatments. In addition, CR application decreased soil bulk density and pH value, but increased soil moisture. 相似文献